华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 1-13.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240535

• 交通安全 •    下一篇

融合短时交通流的高速公路事故影响因素分析

温惠英1, 黄俊达1, 黄坤火1, 赵胜1, 陈喆2, 胡宇晴2   

  1. 1.华南理工大学 土木与交通学院,广东 广州 510640
    2.广东联合电子服务股份有限公司,广东 广州 510620
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-04-10
  • 通信作者: 黄坤火(2000 —),男,博士,主要从事交通安全、轨迹冲突研究。 E-mail:202311081989@mail.scut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:温惠英(1965—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事交通规划、交通安全研究。E-mail:hywen@scut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52372329);国家自然科学基金项目(52172345)

Analysis of Freeway Accident Factors Integrating Short-Term Traffic Flow

WEN Huiying1, HUANG Junda1, HUANG Kunhuo1, ZHAO Sheng1, CHEN Zhe2, HU Yuqing2   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China
    2.Guangdong E-Serve United Co. ,Ltd. ,Guangzhou 510620,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2024-11-05 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-04-10
  • Contact: 黄坤火(2000 —),男,博士,主要从事交通安全、轨迹冲突研究。 E-mail:202311081989@mail.scut.edu.cn
  • About author:温惠英(1965—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事交通规划、交通安全研究。E-mail:hywen@scut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372329)

摘要:

高速公路交通事故的严重程度受多种因素共同影响,其中事故发生前的短时交通流特征作用尤为关键。为系统分析短时交通流状态对事故严重程度的影响,基于广东省2021—2022年南二环高速、济广高速和西部沿海高速的历史交通事故数据、ETC门架通行数据及气象数据,构建了考虑均值异质性的随机参数Logit模型,以探讨事故影响因素的异质性特征。该研究从道路特征、环境特征、交通流特征和事故特征4个方面筛选出29个潜在变量,分别采用标准多项Logit模型、随机参数Logit模型以及考虑均值异质性的随机参数Logit模型对事故严重程度进行建模。通过伪决定系数、赤池信息准则和贝叶斯信息准则对比分析模型拟合优度,结果显示,考虑均值异质性的随机参数Logit模型在拟合优度方面表现最优,能够更精准地捕捉事故影响因素的异质性特征。进一步基于变量的平均弹性系数评估不同因素对事故严重程度的影响,结果表明:在99%的置信水平下,道路特征、环境特征、事故特征和交通流特征等22个参数变量对事故的严重程度均存在显著影响,其中双向六车道、能见度增大等因素显著降低了事故的严重程度,路政救援处理时长、大型车平均速度、大型车比例、大型车与小型车速度差等变量的增大使事故的严重程度显著增加。该研究的结论可为高速公路事故预防和管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 高速公路, 事故严重程度, 影响因素分析, 短时交通流, 随机参数Logit模型

Abstract:

The severity of freeway traffic accidents is collectively influenced by multiple factors, among which short-term traffic flow characteristics immediately preceding the incident play a particularly critical role. To syste-matically analyze the impact of short-term traffic flow states on injury severity, this study constructed a random parameter logit model accounting for mean heterogeneity, utilizing historical traffic accident data, ETC gantry transaction records, and meteorological data from Guangdong Province’s South 2nd Ring Expressway, Jiguang Expressway, and Western Coastal Expressway (2021—2022). The model was developed to investigate heterogeneous characteristics of accident contributing factors. A total of 29 potential variables were identified across four domains: road cha-racteristics, environmental conditions, traffic flow features, and crash attributes. Three discrete model specifications were employed to model injury severity: a standard multinomial logit model, a random parameter logit model, and a random parameter logit model that accounts for mean heterogeneity. Comparative analysis of model goodness-of-fit using pseudo-R², akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) demonstrated that the random parameter logit model accounting for mean heterogeneity exhibits superior performance in goodness-of-fit. This specification more accurately captures the heterogeneous characteristics of accident contributing factors. Further analysis based on the average elasticity of variables reveals that, at the 99% confidence level, 22 parameters significantly affect injury severity. Specifically, features such as six-lane bidirectional roads and improved visibility significantly reduce injury severity, whereas longer road rescue handling time, higher average speed and proportion of large trucks, and greater speed differentials between large and small vehicles are associated with increased injury severity. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for improving freeway accident prevention and management strategies.

Key words: freeway, injury severity, factors analysis, short-term traffic flow, random parameter logit model

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