Table of Content

25 June 2013, Volume 41 Issue 6

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Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology

Detection Algorithm of Crackle Signals Based on S Transform

Li Zhen- zhen Wu Xiao- ming

2013, 41(6):  1-5.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.001

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 Crackle signals in respiratory sounds are of strong randomness and high variability and they contain lotsof disease information.In order to detect crackle signals,the S transform is introduced and a detection algorithmbased on S transform is proposed.In this algorithm,time- frequency features of crackle signals are extracted fromthe S- transform time- frequency spectrum of respiratory sound signals. Then,after a dimension reduction,localpeaks are picked out to detect crackles. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective becauseit is of an accuracy up to 93.70%,which is higher than that of some other detection algorithms.

Design of Tri- Band Bandpass Filter Based on Double- Sided Parallel Stripline

Zhao Xiao- lan Wei Gang Zhang Xiu- yin Liu Pei- jie

2013, 41(6):  6-10.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.002

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 Proposed in this paper is a novel design method of tri- band bandpass filter (BPF) with compact structure,high skirt selectivity,individually- controlled passbands and simple circuit.The proposed filter,which is based on adouble- sided parallel stripline with an inserted conductor plane in the middle of the substrate,consists of tworesonators respectively located on the top and the bottom layers,which produce three passbands.The frequencies ofthe first and the third passbands are controlled by the stub- loaded stepped- impendence resonators on the top layer,while the frequency of the second passband is controlled by the half- wavelength resonators on the bottom layer.Moreover,transmission zeros are generated by employing a cross coupling structure for the top- layer resonator,thusimproving the skirt selectivity of the filter.Finally,a tri- band filter working at the frequencies of 2.38, 3.40 and5.15GHz is implemented and tested.The tested results accord well with the simulated ones,which means that theproposed design method is effective.

Photo- Induced Instability of ZnO- Based Thin Film Transistors

2013, 41(6):  11-16.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.003

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 In order to promote the commercial application of ZnO- based thin film transistors (ZnO- TFTs) to active-driving flat display field,TFTs with ZnO as the channel layer were fabricated via the RF (Radio Frequency) mag-netron sputtering with undoped ZnO target.Then,the photo- induced instability of the devices was investigated under visible light illumination.Experimental results indicate that (1) the ZnO- TFT device exhibits light- induced instability under visible light illumination; (2) with the increase of illumination intensity,the carrier mobility of the device slightly increases,while the threshold voltage weakly reduces; and (3) the relative variation of drain current is strongly modulated by gate voltage,for instance,it becomes smaller with a minimum of 0.58 at 2210lx when the device operates in the on- state mode,but becomes larger with a maximum of 36.29 at the same illumina-tion intensity when the device operates in the subthreshold or off- state mode.Moreover,it is also found that,the recovery of the photo- induced instability is relatively slow and tends to slow down with the passage of time.

Digital Background Calibration Algorithm for High- Speed and High- Resolution Analog- Digital Converter

Xiong Zhao- xin Cai Min He Xiao- yong

2013, 41(6):  17-22.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.004

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 This paper deals with the digital background calibration technique of analog- to- digital converter (ADC) and presents a new algorithm applied to the high- speed and high- resolution 2.5- b/stage pipelined ADC.In this algorithm,signal- dependent dither signals are injected into the 2.5- b/stage flip- over multiplying DAC (MDAC) to measure the nonlinear errors resulting from capacitor mismatch and finite opamp gain in MDAC and feed back the errors to the digital outputs of pipelined ADC for correction.This calibration algorithm is easy to realize and can works at very high speed without interrupting the normal operation of high- resolution ADC.Moreover,it can effectively calibrate all gain errors resulting from capacitor mismatch,finite opamp gain and other sources.Behavior simulation results show that,by using the proposed calibration scheme,the signal- to- noise distortion ratio increases from 63.3dB to 78.7dB and the spurious- free dynamic range improves from 63.9dB to 91.8dB.

Implementation of Priority Resource Sharing in RTL Synthesis

Liu Gui- zhai Yu Fang Liu Zhong- li Diao Lan- song

2013, 41(6):  23-27.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.005

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In the field programmable gate array (FPGA),the quantity of arithmetic resources which need more area than normal logic resources is limited,and most of the RTL (Register Transfer Level) synthesis algorithms only focus on normal logic resources.In order to solve these problems,a method of priority resource sharing is pro-posed.This method improves normal resource sharing methods and makes two or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs) operating at different time to share the resources in a priority order of ALUs having the same output,ALUs having the same input and ALUs having different ports.Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the number of ALUs and implements the area optimization in FPGA; and that,as compared with normal resource sharing methods,it costs less multiplexers,achieves better timing results and avoids data flow conflicts.

Soft Demodulation Algorithm Efficiently Approaching MIMO Channel Capacity

Cai Shu Hei Yong- qiang

2013, 41(6):  28-34,52.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.006

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 In order to overcome the overhigh complexity of MAP- based soft demodulation strategy for Turbo- MIMO system,this paper introduces the concepts of quasi- maximum- likelihood phase- shift- keying (QML- PSK) detection and bit- level multi- stream coded layered space- time (LST) transmitter,and proposes a low- complexity soft demo-dulation algorithm and the corresponding receiver,which are suitable for all kinds of quadrature amplitude modula-tion (QAM) constellations and can approach the MIMO channel capacity.In this algorithm,the MAP problem of solving the extrinsic information of bits is converted into maximum likelihood demodulation problems that are then efficiently solved by using the QML- PSK detector.Moreover,as the QML- PSK detector is suitable only for the soft demodulation of PSK signals,a QAM- PSK soft demodulation algorithm is further proposed,which introduces the bit- level multi- stream coded LST transmitter to convert the QAM signal into PSK signals.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed QAM- PSK soft demodulation algorithm achieves almost the same BER per-formance with a complexity less than half of that of the existing optimal sphere decoding- based soft demodulation algorithms,and that the advantage of low complexity of the algorithm is more obvious in larger problem dimensions.

Two New Properties and Corresponding Deductions of Walsh Sequence Set

Guo Li- li Liu Ming- duo Jiang Xiao- fei

2013, 41(6):  35-41.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.007

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 Based on the present properties of Walsh sequences,a new property of an L × L- order complete Walsh sequence set is derived,i.e.there exists sequence identity of L/4 columns of arbitrary three or four sequences.According to this property,it is deduced that the sum of binary Walsh numbers in the identical columns of four sequences is zero,and that,the mapping sequences of three superposition sequences are orthogonal to a certain number of sequences in the sequence set.Moreover,the partial correlation between the superposition sequences and the original sequences is verified by simulations and is applied to a parallel combinatory spread spectrum communication system.Finally,the soft decision for QPSK modulation of the spread spectrum system is briefly analyzed.

Interference Suppression for Multi- Cell Multi- User MIMO Systems

Gu Jun Zhong Yuan- hong Zhang Zhen- yu Zeng Fan- xin

2013, 41(6):  42-46.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.008

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 In order to mitigate the out- of- cell and the intra- cell interferences in the cell- edge users in downlink multi- cell multi- user MIMO (Multiple- Input Multiple- Output) systems where each base station has multiple trans-mitting antennas and each mobile user has multiple receiving antennas,two interference suppression techniques respectively based on the block diagonalization and the minimum mean- squared error algorithms are proposed,and the numbers of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas affected by user number and cell number are analyzed.Simulated results indicate that the two techniques both greatly improve the spectral efficiency of cell- edge users.

Active Contour Model Based on Multistage Vector Field

Liu Guo- qi Zhou Zhi- heng

2013, 41(6):  47-52.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.009

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 During the extraction of boundary with complex geometry,no accurate results can be obtained by the tra-ditional active contour models based on the vector field,and,especially,equilibrium issues may occur during the extraction of complex concavity whose initial contour is outside the object.In order to solve these problems,an active contour model based on the multistage vector field is proposed.In this model,first,several points are sam-pled on the discrete active contour and mapped to object feature points according to the normal of sample points.Then,a weighted mean vector field,in which the contour evolves,is derived from the vector field obtained via the mapping and the traditional vector field.If the contour does not completely converge to the boundary,new points are sampled on the unconverged contour,and a new vector field is then obtained through the same steps as above.Thus,the contour converges to the object boundary after evolving in several stages of the vector field.Experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than the traditional ones.

Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Quantum Logistic Map in Wavelet Domain

Luo Yu- ling Du Ming- hui

2013, 41(6):  53-62.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.010

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In order to improve the safety and efficiency of image encryption algorithms,a new adaptive algorithm based on quantum Logistic map and 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT),which combines confusion and diffu-sion,is proposed.In this algorithm,first,the original image is decomposed into low- pass subband and high- pass subband coefficients via the DWT,and the low- pass ones are sorted out by using the quantum Logistic map with random sequences,followed by an inverse DWT to obtain a shuffled image. Then,each pixel of the shuffled image is mixed with the chaotic sequence generated by the quantum Logistic system,and the quantum Logistic system is perturbed to substitute for pixel values adaptively.Thus,better diffusion effect is achieved.Experimental results and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is of large key space,high security and high operation speed,etc.,and that it helps to obtain cipher images with random gray distribution.

Architecture & Civil Engineering

Analysis of Web Cracks of Continuous Box- Beam Bridges with a Constant Cross- Section Based on ANSYS

He Zhi- yong Yang Chu Zhang Jian- jun

2013, 41(6):  63-68.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.011

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On web crack,one of the major problems existing in pre- stressed concrete continuous box- beam bridges,few studies have been conducted.In this paper,according to the monitoring results of a continuous box- beam bridge with constant cross- section,the major tensile stresses in the web with different thickness were discussed withthe finite element software ANSYS,and the causes of cracks were analyzed.Moreover,some reinforcement mea-sures such as employing steel plate and sealing epoxy resin were taken,and the reinforcement effect was finally con-firmed by observations. The results show that the crack is greatly related to the web thickness and the web steel,so that the web thickness should be larger than 60cm; and that,after the reinforcement,there is no crack propagation and appearance in width and length directions,which means that the proposed reinforcement measures can effec-tively control further development of diagonal cracks of web and possess high feasibility and effectiveness.

Mechanical Properties and Elastic Moduli of PVDF/PES Coated Fabrics Under Cyclic Tension

Chen Jian- wen Chen Wu- jun Zhang Da- xu

2013, 41(6):  69-76.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.012

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 In this paper,first,the uniaxial cyclic tensile tests of coated fabric Ferrari1302 were conducted,and a series of biaxial tensile tests with different load ratios were carried out on a self- developed multi- function biaxial tensile tester,with detailed uniaxial and biaxial cyclic tension results being obtained.Then,the stress- strain relationship and elastic moduli of the membrane material at different cycle numbers were discussed according to the test results.Moreover,the theoretical formulas of biaxial coupling elastic modulus were deducted,and the influence of stress ratio on the coupling elastic modulus was discussed.The presented work and procedure provide references for the practical design,analysis and pattern cutting of membrane structures.

Bearing Mechanism of Doubling Plate- Reinforced Square Tubular T- Joints Under Compression

Chang Hong- fei Xia Jun- wu Chang Hong Yu Guang- dong

2013, 41(6):  77-83.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.013

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In order to reveal the bearing mechanism of doubling plate- reinforced square tubular joints under axial compression,monotonic loading tests of the joints were carried out,and the failure modes as well as the load-deformation curves of the specimens were analyzed.Then,a finite element model of the joints was constructed,and the corresponding model parameters were analyzed,through which the reinforcement mechanism of doubling plate for joints was revealed.Moreover,the formulas of bearing capacity of doubling plate- reinforced joints were deduced based on the yield line method,and some design proposals were suggested for the doubling plate reinforce-ment.The results show that (1) the compression capacity of the joint significantly improves with the thickness of the doubling plate but changes a little with the plate width and length; (2) the reinforcement ratio of doubling plate increases with the decrease in brace- chord width ratio β; (3) the doubling plate improves the compression capacity by yielding together with the chord flange; (4) when β≥0.8 or when the plate thickness exceeds a certain range,the yield of doubling plate may be incomplete due to the buckling of chord web; and (5) the deduced design formulas accord well with the results of experiments and parameter analyses.

Evaluation of Seismic Performances of Super High- Rise Frame- Core Wall Structure

Yang Chun Pan Jian- ming Cai Jian Liao Xiang- sheng Li Guang- xing

2013, 41(6):  84-90.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.014

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 Some seismic performance indexes,such as the seismic response of the overall structure,the strain of material and the deformation of main structural components,were proposed to comprehensively assess the seismic performances of a structure in the aspects of overall and local responses. Then,nonlinear dynamic time- history analyses were carried out to study the seismic performances of a super high- rise frame- core wall structure with vertical irregularity and exceeding height by adopting Perform 3D.The results show that (1) the deformation of the overall structure meets the requirements of the specification; (2) the deformations of the main force components are basically in serviceable state; and (3) although plasticity concentrates on shear walls and frame girders at the storey where the structural layout retracts,the average deformations of the components are still in serviceable state.Thus,it is concluded that the proposed seismic performance indexes can be achieved by super high- rise frame- core wall structures.

Shear Behaviors of Shape Steel and Concrete in Transfer Columns of SRC- RC Hybrid Structure

Wu Kai Xue Jian- yang Zhao Hong- tie

2013, 41(6):  91-99.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.015

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Sixteen specimens were tested under low cyclic loading to analyze the shear distribution between the shapesteel and the concrete in transfer columns as well as the distance from the shear action spot of shape steel to the col-umn bottom.Then,the shear damage of concrete under low cyclic loading was investigated.The results show that(1) the distance from the shear action spot of shape steel to the column bottom is mainly affected by the shape steelratio,the extension height of shape steel and the axial compression ratio; (2) the shear force resisted by shapesteel increases with the shape steel ratio; (3) with the increase of extension height of shape steel,the shear forceratio decreases first and then increases; (4) the distribution coefficient of shear force slightly decreases with theincrease of axial compression ratio; (5) the distance from the shear action spot of shape steel to the column bot-tom,which is slightly affected by the shape steel ratio,increases with the decrease of axial compression ratio,andincreases first and then decreases with the increase in the extension height of shape steel; and (6) the shear forceof shape steel reacts upon the central area of concrete section and leads to tension stress,which accelerates thedamage of concrete.At the same time,the damage of concrete results in the degradation of shear capacity and theshear enlargement of shape steel.This interplay between concrete damage and shear force of shape steel ultimatelyleads to the accumulation of concrete damage and the failure of transfer columns.

Effect of Corrosion on Reinforcement Performance of Anchorage Support Structure of Subsea Tunnel

Ding Wan- tao Li Shu- cai

2013, 41(6):  100-107,139.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.016

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According to the previous theoretical and test results,the effect of reinforced corrosion on the reinforce-ment deterioration of anchorage support structure is investigated based on the reinforcement model FLAC3D and theidea of finite- element strength reduction.The results show that both the deformation of surrounding rock- added boltsand the area of plastic zone increase with the evolution of reinforced corrosion of anchor bar,and that the conver-gence deformation at the springing line is more obvious,with its maximum corrosion- induced influence degree beingup to 56.7%. Moreover,it is found that both the bond force of anchorage body and the strength of anchor bar de-crease due to the corrosion and the corresponding deterioration effect on the former is more remarkable,and that themaximum corrosion- induced influence degrees on the axial stress of anchor bar and anchorage body respectivelyreach 11.6% and 18.6%.The research provides some references for analyzing the corrosion- induced reinforcementdeterioration of anchorage support structure of sub- sea tunnels.

Complex Network Features of Mega City Region

Zhao Miao- xi Duo Duo

2013, 41(6):  108-115.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.017

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The research on the application of complex networks to mega city region is still in an initial stage at pres-ent.In order to remedy the shortcomings of existing analysis tools in the city network field,some statistics,such as the node degree distribution,the linkage direction and the nodal assortativity are employed to estimate the network features of mega city region.Then,based on the related researches of other scholars,the samples are enlarged to all multi- location corporations with the relation of ownership to obtain the weighted relation data of enterprise head-quarter and subsidiary.Finally,by taking nine prefecture cities in the Pearl River Delta as the research objects,the corresponding attributes of the spatial linkage in this area are analyzed with the above- mentioned statistics.According to the nodal assortativity,is found that the functional linkage in the Pearl River Delta is assortative and is related to city size.Moreover,the linkage direction of network represents the characteristic of value chain in mega city region.

Materials Science & Technology

Properties of Organic Montmorillonite/Crumb Rubber Compound Modified Asphalt

Xiao Xin-yan Yang Ze-qing

2013, 41(6):  116-120.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.018

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Organic montmorillonite (OMMT) /crumb rubber compound modified asphalt was prepared via melt blending,and the microstructure of the product was characterized and analyzed by means of XRD and AFM.More-over,the physical properties,thermal oxidative aging properties and thermal storage stability of the product were in-vestigated.The results show that (1) the dispersion of crumb rubber in the modified asphalt becomes more uniform and an exfoliated structure forms due to the doping of OMMT; (2) as compared with the crumb rubber modified as-phalt,OMMT/crumb rubber compound modified asphalt is of improved high- temperature performances,for in-stance,with the increase of OMMT dosage,the softening point sharply increases,and the penetration (25℃) and the ductility (5℃) both decrease; and (3) after the doping of OMMT,both the thermal oxidative aging properties and the thermal storage stability of the compound modified asphalt improve significantly.

Amino-Functionalized Montmorillonite Modified via Mortar Grinding

Chen Yong- jun Luo Yuan- fang Li Bin Lü Wei- xi Jia Zhi- xin Jia De- min He Yan- ling Zhang Xiu- qin

2013, 41(6):  121-126.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.019

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Organically modified montmorillonite was prepared respectively via mortar grinding,solution stirring and microwave heating,with sodium montmorillonite as the matrix and with γ- aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH- 550) as the modifying agent.Then,the samples before and after the modification were characterized and analyzed by means of FT- IR,XRD,TG,SEM and UV- Vis.The results show that (1) the mortar grinding method helps to realize the intercalation modification of the amino compound of montmorillonite and is more effective than the solution stirring method and the microwave heating method; (2) after the modification via mortar grinding,the (001) interlayer spacing of sodium montmorillonite improves from 1.07nm to 2.42nm; (3) the organic load rate of organic montmo-rillonite prepared via mortar grinding is the highest and the mass loss of montmorillonite at 700 ℃ is up to 16%;and (4) mortar grinding helps to prepare modified montmorillonite with uniform dispersion and strong stability in organic solvents.

Synthesis,Structure and Thermal Property of Dialdehyde Carboxymethyl Cellulose Prepared at Low pH Value

Ye Jun Li Wen- hao Xiong Jian

2013, 41(6):  127-132.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.020

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Dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DACMC) was synthesized by oxidizing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with periodate NaIO₄ at low pH value,and the effects of pH value on the oxidation degree of CMC,as well as on the crystal structure,morphology and thermal stability of DACMC,were investigated by means of FT- IR,¹³C NMR,XRD and AFM.The results show that (1) pH value significantly and irregularly affects the oxidation degree of DACMC,and the oxidation degree reaches its maximum at pH 1.5,with an aldehyde content of 54.35%; (2) carbonyl groups are introduced into the molecular chain of CMC,which is verified by FT- IR and ¹³C NMR results; (3) the crystallinity of DACMC is higher than that of CMC and increases with pH value; (4) due to the break of glucopyranose rings，the molecular chain of DACMC becomes softer,entangles with each other more compactly and arranges more regularly,while the Z dimension of DACMC surface decreases with the increase of aldehyde content; and (5) the thermal stability of DACMC is poorer than that of CMC,especially in the condition of pH 1.5.

Distribution Regularity of Corrosive Media SO^2₄- and Cl^- in Concrete Under Flexural Load

Yin Su- hong Guo Gao- feng Zhang Er- meng Wen Zi- yun

2013, 41(6):  133-139.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.021

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The stress magnitude and state in different part of concrete specimen under flexural load were analyzed,and the distribution regularity of corrosive media SO^2₄- and Cl^- in concrete was also investigated.The results showthat (1) in the concrete layers with the same diffusion distance,SSO^2₄- and Cl^- contents in pure bending area arehigher than those in flexural shear area; (2) SO^2₄- and Cl^- contents in tensile stress layer are higher than that incompressive stress layer; (3) the most severely- damaged part of concrete specimen under flexural load locates atthe tensile stress layer of pure bending area,with the corresponding SO^2₄- and Cl^- contents achieving the maxi-mum; (4) the loading not only enhances the permeability but also changes the distribution regularity of SO^2₄- and Cl^- in concrete.Specifically,the ion content distribution,which is different from the symmetrical style in concretewithout loading,presents a √- shaped style from the compressive stress surface layer to the tensile stress surfacelayer,with the bottom appearing in the third layer or the fourth middle layer and the top occurring in the tensilestress surface layer.

Continuous Self- Reinforcement of Polymer During Molding Processing

Yang Zhi- tao Yin Xiao- chun Qu Jin- ping

2013, 41(6):  140-146.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.06.022

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Proposed in this paper is a concept of continuous self- reinforcement of polymer during moulding process-ing.In the investigation,first,the main techniques and equipment of self- reinforcement applied to the traditionalpolymer processing are introduced.Then,a technique and the equipment of continuous self- reinforcement based onvibration and elongation force fields are discussed in particular.Finally,the mechanism of polymer’ s continuousself- reinforcement under vibration and elongation force fields is analyzed,and the effects of vibration and elongationforce fields on the final properties of the product are revealed.The results show that the self- reinforcement of poly-mer products processed in vibration and elongation force fields is remarkable,which significantly improves the com-prehensive mechanical properties and microstructure of polymer products; and that the proposed continuous self-reinforcement technique is applicable to the practical production with diverse materials.