Table of Content

25 November 2007, Volume 35 Issue 11

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Architecture & Civil Engineering

Time-History Analyses of Wind Vibration Response of Spherical Latticed SheU Structures

Wei De-min Bian Jian-feng

2007, 35(11):  1-7. 

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In this paper, according to the principle of linear auto-regressive model (AR Model). a time-history simulation program of wind velocity is proposed for large-span spatial structures. and the feasibility of the ProIposed program is verified by a practical example. The simulated wind vibmtion loads are then applied to the time-history analysis of wind vibration response of single-layer spherical latticed shells by the finite-element program ANSYS.Through comparing the results obtained by the time-history analysis with the computational ones obtained by the fre-quency-domain method. it is found that the results of the time-history analysis are agreement with ones of the fre-quency-domain analysis on the whole. But the peak values of the time-history response are far exceed those of the static-wind response , and the wind-vibration coefficient of the frequency-domain method is bigger slightly that of the time-domain method.

Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Frame Subjected to Elevated Temperature

Wu Bo Lu Jin-zhong

2007, 35(11):  8-13. 

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Based on the virtual work principle , a beam-element model of the reinforced concrete and a computer program for analysis of reinforced concrete frames subjected to elevated temperature are proposed , and the geometrical nonlinear behavior is considered. The reliability of the proposed program is then validated according to the test results provided by other researchers. Moreover, a reinforced concrete beam subjected to axial force is selected to make the fire response analysis via the program. The simulated results show that: (a) it is necessary to consider the geometrical nonlinear behavior during the fire response analysis; (b) the mid-span deflection of the beam increases with the increase in vertical loads while the axial force keeps constant , and with an increase in verticalloads , the influence of geometrical nonlinear behavior on the mid-span deflection hardly changes; (c) in the condition of a constant verticalload , the mid-span deflection of the beam gradually increases with the axial force due to the geometrical nonlinear behavior; and (d) the geometrical nonlinear behavior greatly influences the calculated results of fire resistance of the beam.

Sectional Properties of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Special-Shaped Cross Section at Elevated Temperature

Xu Yu-ye Wu Bo

2007, 35(11):  14-21. 

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With the cross section of special-shaped reinforced concrete column subjected to elevated temperature as the research object , this paper investigates the characteristics of its temperature field , the generalized neutral-axis position , the ultimate bearing capacity , the point position corresponding to the maximum bearing capacity as well as the N-M and M-M envelop diagrams , and reveals the bearing property of the column at elevated temperature. The results show that: (a) the axial compression columns with T -shaped and L-shaped cross sections at room temperature change to eccentric ones at elevated temperature; (b) when the load does not act on the symmetry axis , the angle between the normal of sectional generalized neutral axis and the plane exerted by a bending moment varies with the increase of temperature , and the maximum angle at elevated temperature reaching 29°; (c) the differences of ultimate bearing capacity between square and special-shaped cross sections increase with fire-exposure time ，the former possibly being about 20% larger than the average of 出e later after being heated for 180 min; (d) the points corresponding to the maximum bearing capacity of T -shaped and L-shaped cross sections with equal limb offset along the sectional symmetry axis during the heating process; and (e) the limit eccentricity between large and small eccentric compressions of the special-shaped cross section mostly decreases with the increase in fire-exposure time.

Parameterized Analysis of Interfacial Stresses of RC Beams Strengthened with CFS/ GFS

Guo Yong-chang Huang Pei-yan Li Li-juan Liu Feng

2007, 35(11):  22-23. 

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In this paper, the nonlinear finite element method is adopted to perform a parameterized analysis of the mechanical performances of concrete-to-FRP (Fiher-Reinforced Polymer) interface , indicating good accordance of the simulated interfacial stresses and the analytical ones. Then , the interfacial finite element models of the heams respectively with hybrid strengthening (CFS-GFS) and two-layer strengthening (CFS-CFS) are established and compared , demonstrating that the hybrid strengthening is an effective method with good interfacial hybrid effect because it can control the interfacial shear stress at the FRP end and can decrease the interfacial normal stress. Moreover, the effects of such parameters as the load , the Young's modulus and thickness of the adhesive as well as the FRP width on the interfacial mechanical performances are comparatively analyzed , finding that , with the increase in load and Y oung's modulus and with the decrease in adhesive thickness , the interfacial stresses at the beam end proportionally increase , while keep constant when the FRP width changes in a certain range.

Inf1uence of Cement-Mixed Pile on the Deformation of Composite Soil Nailing Wall and the PulI of Soil Nail

Pan Hong Zhou Chen-fa Wu Quan-jun

2007, 35(11):  27-31. 

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The cement-mixed pile in composite soil nailing wall is helpful for the reductions of the horizontal deformation of deep excavation and the pull of soil nail. However, it is commonly considered as a safety stock only,and the researches on its effect are mainly qualitative but not quantitative. In order to solve this problem, a finite element analysis is carried out to reveal the mechanical behaviors of the composite soil nailing wall with different pile row numbers , pile lengths and soil conditions. The results show that the row number of the cement-mixed piles greatly influences the mechanical behavior and the deformation characteristics of the composite soil nailing ，the pull of soil nail and the pull distribution , and that 1 row or 2 rows of cement-mÏxed piles are reasonable , because too many row numbers of piles may improve the pull of upper soil nail due to the change of the mechanical characteristics from the mode of composite soil nailing wall to that of gravity retaining wall.

Integration of Resources of Public Space in Metro Station Domain in Guangzhou

Huang Jun

2007, 35(11):  32-35. 

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As the network of Guangzhou metro is more and more mature , it is important to effectively integrate the functions of urban public space and establish a development mode with regional characteristics according to the transit-oriented development (TOD) theory.This paper analyzes and compares the current status and problems of the public space in metro station domain in Guangzhou , and then proposes a networked public space system around the metro station based on the theory of system science. In the proposed system , the metro station is considered as the core and the pedestrian system as the connecter.

Application of Pedestrian-and-Vehicle Dividing System to Central District Planning of Campus

2007, 35(11):  36-40,53. 

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As the central district of a campus must ensure the pedestrian priority , the pedestrian-and-vehicle dividing system becomes a popular traffic mode in the central district planning. It is a pity that the campus planning in the early time often ignores the harmoniousness of pedestrians and vehicles , which results in the fuzzy traffic conditions such as the jam of pedestrians together with vehicles and the occupancy of pedestrian space by vehicles due to the lack of roadway. In order to solve this problem , the pedestrian-and-vehicle dividing system has been adopted in recent campus planning as a major traffic mode to meet the requirements of pedestrians and vehicles. This paper introduces the theory of pedestrian-and-vehicle division , analyzes the approaches to apply this theory to the central district planning of campus , and brings forward some principles to implement a smooth , cornfortable and convenient pedestrian-and-vehicle dividing system.

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

Simulation of Planetary Gear Transmission Mechanism of Cycloid Internal Diesel Engine

Ren shao-yun Du Qun-gui Zhan Wen-feng Cai Kai-shi

2007, 35(11):  41-45. 

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According to the forming principle of hypocycloid , a prototype and a dynamical model of the intemal cycloid planetary gear mechanism for a single-cylinder engine are developed using Solidworks and ADAMS. The dynamical characteristics of the mechanism are then simulated to lay some foundations for the structuredesign and optimization design of the mechanism. Moreover, by the simulation and comparison between the cycloid single cylinder engine and the conventional 195 type engine , it is found that the cycloid engine surmounts the disadvantages of the conventional 195 type engine due to its simple sinusoidal piston motion , greatly reduces the piston sideforces , the piston friction and the cylinder wear, and can be used as a substitute for the conventional crank-connecting rod mechanism.

Investigation into Vehicle-Road Noise via Statistical Energy Analysis

Yu Xue-hua

2007, 35(11):  46-49. 

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Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is an effective method to analyze the reduction of vibration noise in high-frequency domain. In this paper, the SEA method is adopted to analyze the real vehicle model , and an approach to the elimination of automotive interior noise is presented. By using the SEA method , the analytical accuracy of high-frequency (over 400 Hz) noises on the vehicle road can be controlled in the range from - 3 to + 3 dB. A comparison between the experimental results and the predicted ones of a vehicle also verify the accuracy of the proposed method

Prediction of SEA Parameters of Anti-Noise Material for Vehicles

Qu Jie Yu Xue-hua

2007, 35(11):  50-53. 

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The prediction tools of acoustic property have been applied to the investigation of the effect of sound package on acoustic cavity damping. This paper proposes a transfer matrix-based method to predict the acoustic property of multi-layered anti-noise material. In the proposed method , the non-uniformities of the insulation part and the structure are both considered , and the quantity of multi-layered insulation components can be calculated outside the statistical energy analysis (SEA) program. The application of the proposed method to the transmission loss prediction of correction components shows that the predicted results accord well with the measured ones.

Investigation into Grading Characteristic of Coarse Aggregate via Digital Image Processing Technique

Wang Hai-nian Hao Pei-wen Pang Li-guo Di Jian-hong

2007, 35(11):  54-58,62. 

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In this paper , digital image processing (DIP) technique is adopted to study the image grading characteristics of coarse aggregate. By using the self-developed morphology analysis system of coarse aggregate (MASCA) , a conversion method is put forward to transform the two-dimension DIP grading image into the three-dimension mechanical sieving image. The results show that the DIP grading image accords well with the mechanical sieving one , with an error of less than 5 %. Moreover, the proposed method has a good universality for different stones and grading , thus there following the conclusion that the MASCA system is feasible in the measurement of grading characteristics of coarse aggregate.

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

Effect of Length Ratio of Heating Section to Cooling Section on Properties of Oscillating Heat Pipe

Wang Shuang-feng Nishio Shigefumi

2007, 35(11):  59-62. 

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A series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of length ratio of heating section to cooling section on the ultimate heat-transport capability of oscillating heat pipe (OHP) , and to reveal the heat transfer performance of the heat pipes with five different length ratios of different fluid-filling ratios. In the experiments , copper pipes with an inner diameter of 0.9 mm , an outer diameter of 1. 5 mm and a length of 1560mm were adopted , and R141b was used as the working fluid. The results show that , when the fluid-filling ratio is relatively low , the ultimate heat-transport capability is maximum at a heating-section ltmgth equal to the cooling one , however , when the fluid-filling ratio is relatively high , the OHP whose heating-section length is greater than the cooling one has the maximum heat-transport capability.

Catalytic Hydrogenation of PDA to Prepare CHDA

Liu Qing-lin Su Cheng-yan Jia Li-shan Fang Wei-pin Li Qing-biao

2007, 35(11):  63-65,80. 

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1 ,4-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA) has trans-and cis-ismoers. 在lis paper deals with the process of catalytic hydrogenation of 1 ，4-phenylenediamine (PDA) to prepare trans-CHDA in the presence of catalyst Ru/C , analyzes the influences of reaction temperature and pressure , as well as the catalyst prepar硝on and dosagr on the hydrogenation , and preliminarily explores the reuse of the catalyst. The results show that the activation at a high temperature and the ba阳modificatÎon of the catalyst can greatly enhance the catalytic property and ohviously improve the yield of trans-CHDA. In the optimal conditions , that is , a catalyst-activated temperature of 500℃，a hase modification of 5 % Ru/C, a reaction temperature of 140 ℃ and a pressure of 8 MPa, the conversion rate of PDA approaches 100% , the yield of CHDA reaches over 90% and the trans-to-cis rate of CHDA approximates 80: 20.

Performance and Application of Air-Conditioning System Based on Evaporative Condenser

Tu Ai-min Zhu Dong-sheng Wu Zhi-jiang Jiang Xiang

2007, 35(11):  66-71. 

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In this paper, a performance test of the air-conditioning system based on evaporative condenser is carried out. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system is up to about 3. 5 even if the system runs in an ambient with high relative humidity; that the wet bulb temperature of air greatly influences the heat-emission capacity of evaporative condenser; and that, when other parameters keep constant, the heat emission decreases by about 5% per 1 ℃ increase in wet bulb temperatue.The performances of the evaporative condenser and the airconditioning system in variable working conditions are also investigated. Test results indicate that, although the COP of the system and the energy-to-efficiency ratio (EER) of 出e evaporative condenser decrease with tlIe cooling load , in the driving of induced fan with variable frequency , the COP still increases by 5%. Moreover , the comparison between the evaporative condenser and the air-cooling condenser demonstrates tlIat the air-conditioning system based on evaporative condenser is feasible in the area with hot summer and warm winter.

Nano-Sized SiO₂-Coated Aluminum Pigments Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Li Li-jun Pi Pi-hui Wen Xiu-fang Cheng Jiang Yang Zhuo-ru

2007, 35(11):  72-76. 

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In order to improve the alkali resistance , nano-sized SiO₂ -coated aluminum pigments were prepared by means of sol-gel method in ethanoVwater medium and were characterized by means of SEM, XRD and Ff-IR. The alkali resistance of the product was then investigated in alkaline medium. The results show that, at a H₂O: NH₃ : TEOS molar ratio of 32. 7: 4. 4: 1 , the compact nano-sized SiO₂ fi1ms form on the surface of aluminum pigments , thus greatly improving the alkali resistance of the pigments. The excellent alkali resistance of the coated pigments is also verified by dipping it in an alkaline medium with a pH value of 11 for 60 days ， without any hydrogen being evolved.

Fabrication and Property of SOFC via Colloidal Spray Coating

Ding Jiao Guo Wei-min Liu Jiang

2007, 35(11):  76-80. 

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In this paper, an YSZ electrolyte layer was spray-coated on NiO/YSZ anode suhstrate , and the corresponding single cell of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was assemhled and tested. Then , CHI electrochemical station and SEM were used to test and analyze the voltage-current characteristics, the impedance spectra and the section microstructure of the cell. The test results indicate that the cell works and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) .decreases with the increase of the temperature. Concretely , when the temperature increases from 500℃ to 800℃， the OCV decreases from 1. 054 V to 0. 963 V and the maximum power density reaches 57 x 10^-3W/cm² at 800 ℃. Moreover, it is found that the interface resistance dominates at low temperature and markedly decreases when the temperature increases , and that the Ohmic resistance of SOFC mainly results from the YSZ electrolyte layer in ahout 30μm thickness and the inhomogeneous anode microstructure.

Viscosity and Stability of Epoxy-Polyurethane Emulsion

Pi Pi-hui Xu Zhen-miao Wen Xiu-fang Cheng Jiang Yang Zhuo-ru

2007, 35(11):  81-85,90. 

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A kind of epoxy resin was chain-extended hy polyamide , cationic-modified , hlended with curing agent of polyurethane , and then emulsified hy means of phase inversion. Thus，an epoxy-polyurethane emulsion was prepared. The viscosity and stahility of the emulsion were then investigated with such difIerent parameters as the solvent dosage and mixing ratio , the relative molecular mass of the modified epoxy resin , the water soluhility and the curing agent dosage. It is found from experiments that the mass fraction of the solvent in resin has a critical value of 8.8%. When the solvent dosage is more than 8.8% , the phase inversion is difficultωoccur and the prepared emulsion is unstahle. On the contrary , this is possihle when the dosage is less than 8. 8%. Moreover, it is indicated that , as the water-soluhle solvent of ethylene glycel mono-hutyl ether is partly suhstituted hy the hydrophohic solvent of xylene , the viscosities of the resin and the emulsion hoth greatly decrease ，that the modified epoxy resin is easily soluhle when the polyamide dosage is 6.0% - 6.5% that of epoxy resin and the neutralization degree is 65 % , and that the prepared emulsion is very stahle in a curing agent dosage of 15. 0% - 20. 0% .

Synthesis and Corresponding Mechanism of Polyurethane Curing Agent

Hu Xiao-yong Guo Si-yuan Chen Huan-qin

2007, 35(11):  86-90. 

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The reaction systems of toluene diisocyanate-trihydroxymethyl propane (TDI -TMP) were studied under different conditions for the preparation of polyurethane curing agent , and the products were eharacterized hy means of Ff-IR. It is found that there are some unreacted hydroxyl groups (-OH) in polyurethane prepolymer under normal conditions , hut the hydroxyl groups thoroughly join the reaction at a higher temperature. This means that the functionality of TMP is related to the reaction conditions. Moreover, hy analyzing the synthesis mechanism , it is revealed that the spatial steric hindrance and the indefinahle reaction of hydroxyl groups are the reasons for the incomplete reaction of -OH and the short storage period of the curing agent made in China. The authors finally present a technology to synthesize polyurethane prepolymer, from which ideal molecular structure can he obtained and the TDI residual in reaction system can be separated hy a thin-film evaporator.

EfTects of Crosslinking and Hyroxypropylation Modificatioo on Stability of Cornstarch Paste

Fu Xiong Huang Qiang Luo Fa-xing Li Lin

2007, 35(11):  91-94,119. 

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In this paper , comstarch was modified respectively by sodium trimetaphosphate andl or propylene oxide, and the pastes stabilities of the modified starch were then investigated by Brabender viscographer. It is found that , after the modification , the setout gelatinization temperature of crosslinked comstarches (CL) decreases and the viscous stability improves , while the freeze-thaw stability hardly changes, that the hydroxypropylated comstarches( HP) have lower setout gelatinization temperature and good freeze-thaw stability , while the viscous stability hardly changes , and that the combined modification by both sodium trimetaphosphate and propylene oxide results in great improvement of both the viscous and the freeze-thaw stabilities , especially the modification by crosslinking followed hydroxypropylation.

Change of Interface Properties Caused by CTAB Adsorption on Surface of Nano-Sized Calcium Carbonate

Tang Yan-jun Li You-ming Li Bin

2007, 35(11):  95-99. 

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In this paper , cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to perform the surface modification of nano-sized calcium carbonate. Then , FT-IR , XRD and TG-DTG were adopted to characterize the samples before and after the modification. Moreover , the Zeta potential , Brookfield viscosity , oil-absorbed value and specific surface area of the samples were measured to evaluate the modification effect. The results indicate 出at the modification by CT AB may result in a chemical adsorption on the surface of nano-sized calcium carbonate , and that the modification with 2.0% of CTAB may cause great changes of the interface characteristics. Concretely , the Zeta potential changes form negative to positive , the Brookfield viscosity greaùy decreases , the oil-absorbed value decreases from 96. 8g to 53. 1g , and the specific surface area increases from 20. 1m²/g to 26. 0m²/g.

Effect of Moditication by Laccase/Mediator System on Structure of Lignin from Stone Ground Wood Pulp

Zhang Ai-ping Qin Meng-hua Xu Qing-hua Sun Run-cang Liu Chuan-fu

2007, 35(11):  100-104. 

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Milled wood lignin (MWL) was extracted from the control pulp and the laccase/ mediator system ( LMS) -modified pulp of stone ground wood , and its structure was characterized by means of elemental analysis , functional group determination , FT-IR , GPC and ¹HNMR spectra. The results show that , as compared with the lignin obtained from the control pulp, the modified one is degraded and oxidated, concomitantly with the decrease of methoxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group contents and the increase of carbonyl group content , and that the approximate molecular formulae of the lignin from the control and LMS-modified pulp are respectively C₉ H_8.37 O_2.87 (OCH₃ )_0.98 and C₉ H_{7. 83} O_{3. 01} (OCH₃ )_0.90'

Biotechnology

Yeast Surface Display of Functional Protein of Starphylococcus aureus

Xiang Zhu-fang Lin Ying Wang Xiao-ning Zhao Shu-jin Han Shuang-yan

2007, 35(11):  105-109. 

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In this paper , the ZZ domain from Stαphylococcus aureus was first successfully displayed on the cell sur-face of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by yeast cell-surface display systems. Next , rabbit IgG was purified from the serum by using the cells displaying ZZ. Then , yeast display vector plCZZ was constructed by amplifying the geneencoding ZZ on pEZZ18 template via PCR and by inserting the ZZ gene into shuttle vector plCAS via restriction enzyme digestion. Moreover , the constructed plCZZ was introduced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-l. It is indicated from the nucleic acid electrophoretic map that ZZ gene is successfully integrated into the genome. Moreover, the microscope images reveal that , after the immunofluorescence labeling of the cultured recombinant cells , ZZ proteins were successfully displayed on the cell surface. This observation is further verified by flow cytometry , which convinces the protein display of 80. 4% of cells. Finally ，the IgG from the serum was absorbed by the yeast cells displaying ZZ proteins , and the elution was analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE and westem blot. All the results show that the rabbit IgG isolated by cells displaying ZZ is purer than that of standard sample.

Cloning and Expression of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomerase Gene of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Cao Jian Dong Li wang Yu-jun

2007, 35(11):  110-114. 

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This paper deals with the cloning and expression of conjugated linoleic acid isomerase gene of Lactobaciι lus αcidophilus AS 1. 1854 by means of molecular biologïcal method. In the investigation , first , the genome was ex-tracted after the cel1 was cultured and gathered , and was amplified by means of PCR. Next , the amplified gene was cloned into pET30a plasmid vector and subsequently converted into Escherichia coli BL21 strain. Then , the gene was induced to express the recombinant protein at a low temperature , and the recombinant protein was separated and purified with Ni-NTA agarose. Finally , the target gene was amplified and converted into plasmid , and the re-combinant protein was expressed and separated through the experiment. It is found that soluble recombinant conju-gated linoleic acid isomerase can be expressed in prokaryotic cell, and that the target protein can be obtained by washing wÎth 200mmol/L imidazole.

Cloning and Expression of Douchi Fibrinolytic Enzyme (DFE) Gene from Bacillus subtilis

Luo Wen-hua Guo Yong Han Shuang-yan

2007, 35(11):  115-119. 

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In order to improve the yield of Douchi fibrinolytic enzyme (DFE) , the full DFE gene encoding was amplified and cloned from the chromosome of Bacillus s叫tilis (B. subtilis) DC12 by means of PCR. The full DFE gene including the promoter, the encoding sequence and the 3'UTR was then inserted into the Escherichia coli-B. subtilis shuttle vector pBE3 and chemically transformed into B. subtilis WB800 to construct the recombinant expression strain. The results show that DFE gene is successfully expressed under the driving of its own promoter in B.subtilis WB800 and secreted into the medium , and that , after the cultivation of recombinant strain for 30 h , the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme in the supematant is as high as 690U/mL.

Purification of Glycosaminoglycan Extracted from Octopus dollfusi and Effect on Proliferation of Mouse Splenocytes

Lei Xiao-ling Zhao Shu-jin Wu Hong-mian Peng Xiao-na Yang Zhi-juan

2007, 35(11):  120-124. 

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In this paper , the crude glycosaminoglycan extracted from Oc.ωp旧dollfusi (COG) was refined to obtain POG, and was then purified by means of Anion-Exchange and Gel Filtration Chromatography. Mterwards , chemistrγassay and IR spectrography were adopted to determine the main compositions and structures of the products , and MIT assay was used to measure the splenocyte proliferation. The results show that the total sugar contents of POGⅠ, POG Ⅱ and POGⅠ -1 purified from the chromatography are all in the range of 26.3% -42.2% , and that there is more than 30% of total glycosaminoglycan and approximately 20% of glucuronic acid. Moreover , the IR spectrum reveals that there are typical glycosaminoglycan structure characteristics , and that COG, POG, POGⅠ, POGⅡ, POG Ⅰ -1 all significantly promote the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, especial1y POG Ⅰ -1 that has the greatest effect. It thus concluded that the glycosaminoglycans from Octopus dollfusi consisting of hexosamine and glucuronic acid have the function of immunity enhancement.

Synthesis of Artificial Morphine Antigen and Preparation of Polyclonal Anti-Morphine Antibody

He Xiao-wei Liu Xim-yun Yang Lian-sheng Peng Yun-ping Huang Qiang Wang Ji-hua

2007, 35(11):  125-128. 

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Artificial morphine antigen was chemically synthesized and was then used to immunize the New Zealand rabbits to prepare the polyclinal anti -morphine antibody. Mterwards , the morphine antigen is respectively coupled with two protein carriers( BSA and OV A) by means of mixed acid anhydride method. It is proved by UV scan and protein electrophoresis that the artificial morphine antigen is successfully synthesized. Moreover, it is proved by EUSA results that the rabbit serum with high dilute degree is prepared , and that there is a high-specificity reaction between the polyclonal antibody and the antigen. Both the antigen and the antibody can be applied to the research on morphine immunoassay.