Research Progress Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminum Alloys

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230112

Abstract

Abstract:

Lightweight manufacturing is the only way to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals as soon as possible. Aluminum alloy with its low density, high specific strength, recyclability and other advantages such as high shaping, excellent corrosion resistance can be widely used in all walks of life. However, due to its special thermophysical properties and complex alloy chemical composition, welding defects such as pores and hot cracks are prone to occur during the welding process, its further development in the path of lightweight is limited. Combining the advantages of laser welding and arc welding, laser-arc hybrid welding has gradually become an important fusion welding process for efficient and high-quality welding of aluminum alloys with its large welding penetration, high welding efficiency and high welding quality. To grasp the current status of research on laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys, this paper analyzed for the first time the published academic papers in this field from 1995—2021 in the Web of science database through bibliometrics, and visualized the data with VOSviewer software. The results show that the welded joint, microstructure, heat-affected zone, mechanical properties, and laser-arc interaction for the research hotspots, so this paper summarized and analyzed the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys from the above areas, and came up with the selection of the type of joints, the distribution of the microstructure, the enhancement of the mechanical properties, and the mechanism of interaction of the hybrid heat source in the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys. It aims to provide reference for subsequent research laser-arc hybrid welding. Finally, based on the current research situation, this paper presented the challenges and the prospect of future work in this field.

Key words: laser-arc hybrid welding, bibliometrics, aluminum alloy, microstructure, mechanical property

CLC Number:

TG456.14

LUO Zhen, SU Jie, WANG Xiaohua, et al. Research Progress Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminum Alloys[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(3): 57-74.

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次序	关键词	出现次数
1	焊接接头	333
2	微观组织	272
3	热影响区	240
4	力学性能	197
5	铝合金	194
6	激光与电弧相互作用	166

焊接缺陷	起因	危害	解决措施	参考文献
凝固裂纹	大的熔池温度梯度；高热裂纹敏感性；合金元素间大的差异性	焊缝开裂	使用铝硅焊丝；细化晶粒；优化工艺参数	［13， 40］
合金元素蒸发	高能量密度的激光束与高温度的电弧；合金元素的沸点低	降低力学性能；增加气孔与凝固裂纹	在焊丝中增加镁元素；优化工艺参数	［41-43］
气孔与孔穴	电弧力和熔滴冲击力的影响；H₂及水蒸气的影响；激光匙孔闭合等	应力集中；降低接头的力学性能；焊缝开裂	焊前坡口清洗；合理选择保护气及优化工艺参数等	［13， 44-45］
咬边与未填满	小孔处熔滴的飞溅；焊接速度过快	应力集中；降低抗疲劳性；焊缝开裂	适当增大D_LA；控制焊接速度与激光功率匹配；增大激光光斑直径	［9， 46］
飞溅	熔池小桥在短路后电流增加和电磁收缩力的收缩下发生爆炸；激光小孔附近的金属蒸气作用力	危害焊缝成形；污染激光头	增大焊接速度；加入感应磁场来抑制马兰戈尼对流，降低熔化速度	［9， 47］
驼峰	熔池中液态金属的重力和表面张力之间的不平衡	危害焊缝质量	加入感应磁场来降低熔化速度；采用短路过渡；保护气中适当添加CO₂	［48-50］
偏析	较差的电弧穿透能力	凝固裂纹及焊缝腐蚀	振荡扫描激光-电弧复合焊接	［51-53］

合金	析出相	问题	参考文献
2XXX	α-Al+ CuAl₂（θ）， CuAl₂Mg（s）	高的热裂纹倾向与差的耐蚀能力	［1， 79］
4XXX	α-Al+ Al-Si共晶组织	偏析	［53］
5XXX	Mg₅Al₈（β）， Al₃Mg₂， Cr₂Mg₃Al₁₈， MgSiO₃	镁元素的蒸发，气孔，凝固裂纹与接头软化	［77， 80］
6XXX	Mg₂Si（β”→β’→β）	接头软化与凝固裂纹	［81-82］
7XXX	Mg₂Zn （η’）	疲劳断裂与接头软化	［61， 79］
8XXX	CuAl₂（θ）， Al₂CuLi（T1）， Al₆Li₃Cu（T2）	气孔与接头软化	［1， 61］

合金	HAZ 宽度/mm	晶粒	HAZ显微硬度/HV	BM显微硬度/HV	文献
AA1420	1.0	等轴枝晶	88.0	115.0	［35］
AA2195	5.0	等轴晶	121.4	171.4	［61］
AA2198	1.2	柱状晶	65.0~100.0	105.0	［84］
AA5A06	0.5	等轴枝晶	54.3	83.5	［85］
AA5083	6.0	柱状晶	75.0~90.0	89.0	［34］
AA5083	4.0	等轴晶	68.5~72.5	71.8	［62］
AA6N01	20.0	纤维状晶粒	52~90	95.0	［11］
AA6005	5.0	等轴晶	51~61	61.0	［63］
AA6061	1.0	等轴枝晶	69~76	95.0	［86］
AA6082	10.5	柱状晶	60.0~80.0	80.0	［32］
AA7075	9.0	柱状晶	140.1~180.0	179.8	［60］

母材	板厚/mm	激光器	激光功率/kW	送丝速度/ （m·min^-1）	D_LA/mm	电流/A	焊枪角度/（°）	焊丝	保护气/ %	气流量/ min^-1	离焦量/mm	参考文献
1420	5.0	CO₂	2	0.6	2.5	75	60	ER2319	Ar	15	-2	［35］
1A99	12.0	光纤	5	9.0	3.0	200	55	ER4047	—	—	0	［53］
2195	3.0	—	0.7~1.3	0.48	—	142~147	30	ER4047	Ar	11	0	［61］
2219	6.0	光纤	3.8~6	2~30	2.0	240~300	60	ER5087	99.99Ar	20	-3	［71］
5754	3.0	光纤	2.5~3.5	10.4~12.2	2.5	114~140	40	ER5356	Ar	—	0	［31］
5A06	6.9	光纤	2.5~5.5	1.5~3.5	—	120~140	60	ER4047	99.99Ar	15	0	［85］
6061	2.0	Nd： YAG	3.5	3.6~4.8	2.0	—	60	ER4043	Ar	—	—	［86］
6082	8.0	光纤	5.5~6	5.8~9.5	3.0	180~300	60	ER5087	—	—	—	［32］
7075	3.0	光纤	2.3	7	3.0	112	70	ER5356	Ar	20	—	［60］
7N01	6.0	光纤	0.85	0.6~1.56	2.0	70~190	22	ER5356	99.99Ar	15	-2	［28］
6061/304SS	2.0	光纤	1.8~3.3	2	2~3	35~78	55	ER4043	Ar	20	0	［94］