分布式储能参与调频的即插即用控制策略

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.250310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以新能源为主体的新型电力系统频率面临着转动惯量降低、故障冲击增强、调频资源不足的严峻考验，以分布式储能为典型的分布式资源成为系统调频的新型手段和有效补充。然而，用户的自主性需求与电网的确定性要求之间的矛盾限制了分布式储能在辅助调频场景中的应用。针对此问题，首先提出一种分布式储能灵活聚合的柔性调控模型，由聚合器根据功率需求与输出功率偏差生成实时激励来引导分布式储能输出。其次通过前景理论分析了分布式能源用户的决策行为心理，根据非完全理性决策下的用户激励响应特性曲线来构造更符合现实条件的分布式能源参与调频仿真环境。此外，提出了一种面向分布式储能用户广播动态激励信号的灵活控制策略，通过动态线性化把频率调节的非线性问题转换为动态线性化之后的系统参数估计问题，并采用无模型自适应激励控制方法来解决用户响应的不确定性和用户集群建模的困难，通过集群控制系统的实时数据对集群响应模型进行动态线性化并输出最佳的实时激励信号。最后在Matlab/Simulink中对单区域电力系统进行了案例研究，在阶跃负荷波动和连续负荷波动两种场景下，该研究提出的方法都具有良好的频率跟踪效果，最大频率偏差可以控制在0.001 5 p.u.以下，从而验证了该研究提出的激励控制方法的适应性和有效性。

关键词: 分布式能源, 频率调节, 自适应控制, 反馈线性化

Abstract:

The frequency stability of new power systems dominated by renewable energy faces severe challenges due to reduced rotational inertia, increased disturbance impacts,and insufficient frequency regulation resources. Distributed energy，typified by distributed energy storage systems (DESSs), has emerged as a novel and effective means to supplement system frequency regulation. However, the conflict between user’s autonomy demands and the deterministic requirements of the grid limits the application of DESSs in ancillary frequency regulation. To address this issue, this study first proposes a flexible aggregation and control model for DESSs, in which an aggregator generates real-time incentives based on the deviation between power demand and actual output to guide the response of distributed storage units. Next，prospect theory is applied to analyze the decision-making psychology of distributed energy users. Based on the incentive-response characteristic curve under bounded rationality, a simulation environment that better reflects real-world conditions is constructed for studying DER participation in frequency regulation. Furthermore, a flexible control strategy is proposed, which broadcasts dynamic incentive signals to distributed storage users. By employing dynamic linearization, the nonlinear frequency regulation problem is transformed into a parameter estimation task for a dynamically linearized system. A model-free adaptive incentive control method is employed to address uncertainties in user response and the difficulty of modeling user clusters. This method dynamically linearizes the aggregated response model using real-time data from the cluster control system and outputs an optimal real-time incentive signal. Finally, a case study based on a single-area power system is conducted in Matlab/Simulink. Under both step load fluctuation and continuous load fluctuation scenarios, the proposed method demonstrates effective frequency tracking performance, with the maximum frequency deviation controlled within 0.001 5 p.u. This validates the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed incentive-based control method.

Key words: distributed energy storage, frequency regulation, adaptive control, feedback linearization

中图分类号:

TM73

黄向敏, 曾君, 王鹏旭, 王天伦, 刘俊峰. 分布式储能参与调频的即插即用控制策略[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 54(3): 21-30.

HUANG Xiangmin, ZENG Jun, WANG Pengxu, WANG Tianlun, LIU Junfeng. Plug-and-Play Control Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Systems Participating in Frequency Regulation[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 54(3): 21-30.

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参数	数值		数值		数值
η	0.3	μ	15	m₁	7
λ	18	ρ	0.1	m₂	6
T_MD	1	q₁	0.03
α	0.3	q₂	0.03