3D打印降噪混凝土材料研究进展

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.250372

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着环境噪声污染问题日益加剧，混凝土声屏障因其优良的耐久性和经济性，被广泛应用于噪声控制领域。然而，传统混凝土声屏障在吸声与隔声性能方面仍存在不足，难以同时满足轻质化、功能化与绿色化的发展需求。已有研究通过在水泥基体系中引入发泡剂、多孔轻质骨料等组分，调控材料密度、孔隙率及孔隙连通性，以优化孔隙结构与声波能量耗散机制，从材料层面提升混凝土的降噪性能。在此基础上，3D打印技术为降噪构件的复杂几何设计、轻量化制造及结构个性化提供了新的实现途径。打印过程中形成的定向连通孔隙网络及独特的层间界面特征，可有效延长声波传播路径并增强能量耗散，从而在结构层面实现声学性能优化。该文系统概述了影响混凝土降噪性能的关键因素及其调控策略，重点分析了3D打印工艺对孔隙分布、层间界面及表面纹理的调控机制，并总结了相关工程应用实例。现有研究表明，合理设计的3D打印混凝土结构在中低频吸声方面具有显著优势，且通过构件几何形态与表面纹理的协同调控，可进一步实现声学性能的定向优化。此外，3D打印降噪混凝土在道路声屏障及建筑声学领域展现出良好的应用前景，但仍面临材料打印适应性、层间界面强度及长期服役性能等技术挑战。未来研究可围绕绿色低碳原料利用、多尺度结构设计及耐久性评价等方向展开，以推动3D打印降噪混凝土的高性能化与工程化应用。

关键词: 3D打印混凝土, 降噪, 吸声, 隔声

Abstract:

As environmental noise pollution becomes increasingly severe, concrete noise barriers have been widely used in noise control applications due to their excellent durability and cost-effectiveness. However, conventional concrete barriers still have shortcomings in sound absorption and insulation performance, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive demands of lightweight design, functional integration, and environmental sustainability simultaneously. Existing research has improved the noise reduction capability of concrete at the material level by incorporating components such as foaming agents and porous lightweight aggregates into cement-based systems. By adjusting material density, porosity, and pore connectivity, the pore structure and acoustic energy dissipation mechanism of the material have been optimized. On this basis, 3D printing provides a new way to achieve complex geometric designs, lightweight manufacturing, and structural personalization for noise-reducing elements. The directional interconnected pore networks and unique interlayer interface characteristics formed during the printing process can effectively extend the sound wave propagation paths and enhance energy dissipation, thus achieving acoustic performance optimization at the structural level. This article systematically summarizes the key factors and their control strategies affecting the noise reduction performance of concrete, focuses on analyzing the mechanisms by which 3D printing processes regulate pore distribution, interlayer interfaces, and surface textures, and summarizes relevant engineering application cases. Existing research indicates that properly designed 3D-printed concrete structure exhi-bits significant advantages in mid-to-low-frequency sound absorption, while further targeted optimization of acoustic performance can be achieved by coordinated regulation of geometric configurations and surface textures. In addition, 3D-printed noise-reducing concrete holds significant application potential in road noise barriers and architectural acoustics, though it still faces technical challenges such as material printability, interlayer bond strength and long-term service performance. Future research should focus on the utilization of green and low-carbon raw mate-rials, multi-scale structural design, and durability assessment to promote the high-performance development and engineering application of 3D-printed noise-reducing concrete.

Key words: 3D-printed concrete, noise reduction, sound absorption, sound insulation

中图分类号:

TU55⁺2

陈宇, 罗楚钰, 张亚梅. 3D打印降噪混凝土材料研究进展[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 54(3): 148-159.

CHEN Yu, LUO Chuyu, ZHANG Yamei. Research Progress in 3D-Printed Noise-Reducing Concrete Materials[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 54(3): 148-159.

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相关研究	发泡剂类型和用量	材料体系	吸声性能指标
Rommel等^［46］	表面活性剂类发泡剂；用量1%~4%	泡沫混凝土	吸声系数从0.67提升至0.89
Mastali等^［52］	蛋白质水解物发泡剂；用量10%~35%	纤维增强碱激发矿渣泡沫混凝土	中高频吸声系数达0.8~1.0
Galzerano等^［53］	植物表面活性剂类发泡剂；用量0.05%、12.00%	地聚物泡沫	最大吸声系数为0.47（300 Hz）
Zhang等^［54］	稀释水性表面活性剂类发泡剂；用量5%~16%	地聚物泡沫混凝土	吸声系数达0.7~1.0（40~150 Hz）