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    25 August 2014, Volume 42 Issue 8
    Physics
    Pen Jian-xin Yan Nan-jie
    2014, 42(8):  1-5.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.001
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    In the investigation,subjective Chinese speech intelligibility was evaluated by the students from grades 2,4 and 6 ( nominally seven to twelve years old) in 28 classrooms of nine elementary schools.At the same time,boththe room impulse response and the background noise level were measured at the same time and the useful-to-detrimentalsound ratios ( Ut) with different early sound limits were calculated under different listening conditions at eachlistening position in these classrooms.The relationships between the subjective Chinese speech intelligibility scoresand Ut for different age groups were also obtained.The results indicate that Ut with the early sound limits of 50ms and 80ms,namely U50 and U80,can achieve better evaluation of the Chinese speech intelligibility in the classrooms forchildren of different age groups,and children's Chinese speech intelligibility scores increase with the age under thesame condition of U50 .In addition,in order to obtain a Chinese speech intelligibility score of more than 95%,the U50 values for the children from grades 2,4,and 6 are required to be respectively more than 7.4,4.5 and 2.8 dB.

    Li Chun-lei Han Qiang Liu Yi-jie Xiao Dong-liang
    2014, 42(8):  6-13,33.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.002
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    This paper deals with the propagation characteristics of guided waves in helically-curved rods by meansof the finite element method.First,the coordinate transformation and the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform( 2D-FFT) are employed to process and analyze guided waves.Then,the propagation processes of guided waves inthe helically-curved rods respectively with different diameters and different helix angles are simulated,and theeffects of the diameter and the helix angle on the propagation are described.Finally,the cut-off frequency and themodal separation phenomena occurring in the propagation process are discussed.

    Huang Hua-mao Hu Jin-yong Wang Hong
    2014, 42(8):  14-20.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.003
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    Patterned reflectors can improve the light-extraction efficiency of light-emitting diode ( LED) chips.Inthe investigation,a triangular lattice of the micro-scale SiO2-cone array was placed on the backside of a sapphiresubstrate,and then the metal Al was deposited on the lattice,so that a patterned reflector was built.Three-dimensionalsimulation results obtained through the Monte Carlo ray tracing method show that,as compared with the planemirror,the SiO2-cone patterned Al backside reflector can improve the light-extraction efficiency of LED chips by7.5%.Experimental results indicate that,when the injection current is 20mA,the LED samples with the patternedreflector achieve a light-output power increase by 8.4% without the degradation of the electrical performance,incomparison with those with plane mirrors.It is found from the two-dimensional finite-element thermodynamic simulationsthat the pattern reflector helps to achieve lower chip temperature and smaller chip thermal-stress in comparisonwith the plane mirror.In addition,the thermal stress concentration in the vicinity of micro-structures has littleeffect on the performance of LED chips.

    Power & Electrical Engineering
    Zhang Cheng-wei Xiao Bing
    2014, 42(8):  21-26.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.004
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    This paper deals with the ignition delay of the diesel-natural gas blending engine.This ignition delay isdetermined by taking the crank angle corresponding to the injector needle lift curve rising in the beginning as the injectionstart point and by using the dramatic change point of the pressure rise rate as the combustion start point.Then,with the injection start point as the calculation point and based on the experimental data,an ignition delayprediction model of the diesel-natural gas blending engine is established by revising the ignition delay predictionmodel of the diesel engine.Experimental results show that the revised model can predict the ignition delay of thediesel-natural gas blending engine and helps to establish an accurate working process model for the diesel-naturalgas blending engine.

    Tang Xiao Yang Xiang-yu Zhao Shi-wei Liu Yuan-jing
    2014, 42(8):  27-33.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.005
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    When the traditional space vector pulse width modulation( SVPWM) is performed in the orthogonal coordinatesystem,the computational burden is more heavy and the corresponding over-modulation algorithm is morecomplex.For the purpose of facilitating the real-time operation,by analyzing the characteristics of SVPWM algorithmbased on a 60° coordinate system,this paper proposes a novel over-modulation algorithm which is easy to implementwith a small amount of computation.This algorithm can incorporate the whole modulation area of thereference voltage vector without calculating the maintain angle.In the six-step mode,this algorithm can choose thebasic voltage vector only according to the charging time of the basic voltage vector without over-modulation,whichneeds no calculation of the phase angle of the reference voltage.Theoretical analysis and experimental results showthat the proposed algorithm can save a lot of computing time.

    Liu Gang Jin Shang-er Huang Jia-sheng
    2014, 42(8):  34-38,63.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.006
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    This paper deals with the propagation attenuation behaviors of the breakdown vibration of the directburied 10 kV XLPE cable in sand by means of the model experiment.The experimental data are fitted respectivelyby using the exponential decay formula and the negative power attenuation formula,and the reasonableness of theformulas is verified.The results show that ( 1) both the exponential decay formula and the negative power attenuationformula can be used to describe the propagation attenuation behaviors of the cable breakdown vibration in sand,and their correlation coefficients are both more than 0.97; ( 2) the vibration wave attenuates quickly in the vicinityand slowly in the distance; and ( 3) the exponential decay coefficient and the power attenuation coefficient of sandare respectively 0.0704 and 1.3494.

    Ouyang Sen Feng Tian-rui Li Xiang Wang Ke-ying
    2014, 42(8):  39-44.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.007
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    For the combination forecasting of the medium and long term electricity consumption,there exists a difficultyin selecting weights as well as the problems of poor adaptability and low noise immunity.Aiming at the aboveissues,an odds-matrix combination forecasting method based on the odds-matrix algorithm is proposed by taking intoaccount the widely-used combination forecasting technique.In this method,the odds-matrix algorithm is employedto carry out the quantitative analysis on the validity of single forecasting models,and the probability distributionfunction of the weight is adopted to describe the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Then,singleforecasting models are selected and combined based on the weight.Finally,the proposed method is tested by usingthe actual data.The results show that the proposed method achieves a higher accuracy in comparison with othercommonly-used combination forecasting methods,which means that it possesses stronger adaptability and betternoise immunity.

    Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology
    Liu Wen-hui Deng Fei-qi Ren Hong-wei Zhao Yin-wei
    2014, 42(8):  45-51.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.008
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    This paper discusses the distributed tracking control of the multi-agent systems with an active leader,with measurement noises as the constraint.It is assumed that the followers have known the velocity information ofthe leader but only some followers can directly obtain the output information of the leader and that all followers knownothing about the initial information of the leader.It is also assumed that the measurements of errors among agentsare not accurate due to the noise impact.In this case,it is proved that all followers can track the active leaderaccording to the mean square by means of the conventional protocol,which considers both the fixed topology andthe switching topology.Moreover,the ranges of parameters are given.It is thus concluded that the conventionalprotocol is robust against the measurement noises which are dependent on relative-states.Finally,simulations arecarried out,and the results are consistent with the theoretical ones.

    Liang Zhuo-rui Xu Xiang-min
    2014, 42(8):  52-57.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.009
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    As large amplitude hand movements are often involved in the machine vision-based gesture interaction,aproper control-display mapping relationship is necessary for users to complete interaction tasks in a comfortablemotion range.In this paper,an adaptive adjustment method of the control-display mapping relationship is proposedaccording to user's interaction features based on a psychological experiment.A Borg's CR-10 scale experiment isemployed to test user's perception of the hand movement velocity,and a mapping equation based on a velocityorientedtechnique is revised according to ergonomics.Then,according to user's hand movement amplitude,themapping equation is adjusted after each continuous interaction.Moreover,a user test system based on Kinect isestablished to test the performance of the proposed method.The results show that the proposed method can not onlyreduce the probability of large amplitude hand movements occurring but also keep user's performance stable.

    Zhang Quan-bing Huang Xiang Xu Zheng-yuan Su Juan
    2014, 42(8):  58-63.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.010
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    In order to promote the recognition effect of the sparse representation classification method,a monogenicfeature-based sparse representation classification ( MSRC) method is proposed.As compared with the Gabor feature,the monogenic feature can be used to extract the image phase information which is not sensitive to light,so theMSRC method can improve the image robustness to light.As compared with the multi-scale and multi-direction ofthe Gabor feature,the monogenic feature can reduce the processing time spent on the feature.Experimental resultsshow the proposed method is applicable with higher recognition rate and speed.

    Fan Ye-sen Ma Xiao-fei Li Zheng-jun Li Tuan-jie
    2014, 42(8):  64-69,83.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.011
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    In order to describe how the manufacturing error of the cable length influences the surface accuracy ofcable antennas,a whole coordinate iteration algorithm by the name of WCIA is proposed.The proposed WCIA simulatesthe process,in which all the free nodes of the cable-net structure with the random error of the cable length movetowards other equilibrium states.Then,a calculation model of the hoop truss cable net antenna is analyzed by usingWCIA and the finite element method separately,and the analytical results obtained through the two methods are compared.Thus,WCIA is proved to be accurate,valid and feasible.Finally,WCIA is employed to analyze the influencesof the error distribution,the cable length tolerance and the cable pretension on the surface accuracy,and to performthe fitting of the relationships between the synthetic errors of the surface and the cable length error as well as thecable pretension,thus obtaining the fitting formulas which can meet the engineering requirements.

    Lü Zhi-sheng Hu Yong-jian Li Han Liu Bei-bei
    2014, 42(8):  70-76.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.012
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    Insertion and deletion are two commonly-used audio forgery operations,and the current Electric NetworkFrequency( ENF) -based audio forgery detection algorithms cannot accurately determine the location of insertion anddeletion operations.In order to solve this problem,a blind forgery detection algorithm based on dual judgmentmechanisms is proposed in this paper.In the investigation,the first mechanism utilizes the information from aMOCC ( max offset for cross correlation) curve to locate the forgery while the second mechanism estimates forgeryregions according to the slope curve which corresponds to the MOCC curve.The combined use of the two mechanismscan obtain a higher forgery localization precision.For simplicity of implementation,a method is put forward to calculatethe MOCC without an extra reference ENF signal.As compared with two current representative methods,the proposeddetection method can locate the deletion and insertion operations more accurately.Besides,it has reasonablerobustness when applied to such common audio operations as re-sampling,compression and noise addition.

    Liu Jie-ping He Yue-sheng
    2014, 42(8):  77-83.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.013
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    In order to improve the image quality of the decoded WZ ( Wyner-Ziv) frame in the distributed videocoding ( DVC) system,a WZ frame reconstruction algorithm is proposed based on the generalized Gaussian distribution( GGD) .In this algorithm,the strong correlation between the side information and the original WZ frame istaken into account,and the GGD is used as the correlation model.Then,with the known side information and agiven quantization interval,the conditional expectation of the WZ frame is calculated as the reconstructed WZvalue.Finally,the closed-form expressions of the reconstructed WZ frames based on the GGD are derived by usinga shape parameter of 0.5.Experimental results indicate that,as compared with the MMSE ( Minimum Mean SquareError) reconstruction algorithm,the proposed algorithm achieves an average PSNR( Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)increment of about 0.6 dB and effectively improves the image quality of the decoded WZ frame.

    Traffic & Transportation Engineering
    Wei Hong-yun Zhou Wei-feng Li Yuan-yuan
    2014, 42(8):  84-90.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.014
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    In order to control the construction quality more accurately and to further improve the pavement performanceof the cement macadam,this paper deals with the cement macadam obtained through the vibration molding methodin terms of the maximum dry density,the unconfined compressive strength,the crack resistance,the flexural andtensile strength,the fatigue resistance,etc.Then,the results are compared with those of the isostatic pressingmethod.Meanwhile,the unconfined compressive strength and compaction degree of the field core samples are comparedwith the laboratory test results,so as to verify the reasonableness of the interior molding method.It is foundthat the vibration molding can simulate the field compaction method more effectively and the vibration moldingmethod dramatically increases the pavement performance of the cement macadam,so it is more reasonable to adoptthe vibration molding design standards to control the cement macadam base construction.

    Fu Xin-sha Long Li-dun Li Hai-feng Ge Ting
    2014, 42(8):  91-96.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.015
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    In this paper,by introducing the concept of the natural interaction which is the latest achievement in thehuman-computer interaction research and based on the powerful capabilities of the Kinect sensor to identify humanbody parts and to track the joint space motion as well as to position the joint coordinates,a method to adopt the motionsensing-based human-computer interaction technique to carry out the geometric design of highway alignments ina three-dimensional virtual space is put forward,and a system framework of the true three-dimensional highway designis established.Then,the process of adopting gestures to design highways is discussed.Moreover,the paperdescribes the functional design of functional modules and the relationships among these modules,which includes thegesture recognition,the perspective control,the real-time dynamic interactive alignment optimization,etc.Finally,with Microsoft's SDK and Google Earth as the third-party software,a system prototype is developed and the correspondingexperiments are performed,thus realizing the goal of transforming the two-dimensional nature of both thehuman-computer interaction and the highway design platform into the three-dimensional nature,and the feasibilityof the proposed method is accordingly verified.

    Zhang Jia-hua Yang Xiao-li Zhang Biao Xu Jing-shu Yang Zi-han
    2014, 42(8):  97-103,121.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.016
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    In this paper,the stability coefficient and the supporting force of shallow bias tunnels are calculatedbased on the principle of virtual power from the viewpoint of energy,and the calculated results are compared.Theresults show that,based on the linear failure criterion,the calculated results of the stability coefficient are consistentwith the existing results with a maximum error of less than 10%,which demonstrates the validity of the calculationmethod; and based on the nonlinear failure criterion,the supporting force is greatly influenced by some negativefactors such as the nonlinear failure criterion of soil materials,the burial depth and the ground slope angle oftunnels,the ground load and the pore water.Besides,the failure surface positions corresponding to different parametervalues are put forward,which provides a theoretical basis for the supporting design of shallow bias tunnels.

    Xu Lun-hui Hu San-gen Luo Qiang Zhou Yong
    2014, 42(8):  104-111.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.017
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    The traditional lane-changing models based on the minimum safety distance ignore drivers' individualdifferences,which leads to their lack of security and flexibility.In this paper,first,the movement states of the vehiclesrelevant to lane-changing are analyzed,and all kinds of possible collisions between the lane-changing vehicleand the relevant vehicles are described.Then,aiming at the characteristics of different drivers dealing with differentlane-changing situations and based on the vehicle kinematics theory,a minimum safety distance-based lanechangingellipse model is proposed according to different vehicle speeds and different types of drivers,which canremove the above-mentioned drawbacks.Finally,a simulation on the Matlab platform is carried out by using theproposed model.The results are consistent with the actual traffic phenomena,as the proposed model takes drivers'factors into account.

    Hao Xiao-ni Jin Wen-zhou Zha Jing
    2014, 42(8):  112-121.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.018
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    The distribution of the bus passenger flow in time is uneven,and in the multiple lines with the regionalbus scheduling,the concentrated distribution of passenger flow peaks in time and space can make a bigger passengerflow difference between peak and off-peak hours.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a removingand parking strategy which allows some buses to stop running in off-peak hours.Then,by analyzing the regionalvehicle scheduling problem from the viewpoint of set partitioning which means that a vehicle finishes some trips,an improved optimization model is built for the regional bus scheduling,and a MMAS( Max-Min Ant System) algorithmis revised to solve this model.Case analysis shows that,as compared with the conventional schedulingscheme,the proposed model shortens the bus waiting time by 4034 minutes,reduces the rate of bus waiting time inthe total working time by 10% and decreases the driver number by fourteen,which proves that the proposed modelis effective and practical.

    Zheng Xiao-feng Xu Jian-min Lu Kai
    2014, 42(8):  122-128,135.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.019
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    Aiming at the shortcomings of DBSCAN ( Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) ,this paper presents the concept of the attribute dimension partition by integrating the domain knowledge with thepartition idea.Then,the principles of the cluster merging and the pruning computation are demonstrated.Finally,an optimization method of DBSCAN is put forward based on the cloud computing programming model MapReduce,and the optimization method is verified through the data clustering of a real road transport information system.It isfound that the dataset partition helps to perform the concurrent computation,and the proposed optimization methodis superior to common statistical methods.

    Li Gang Xie Rui-chun Li Ning Zong Chang-fu
    2014, 42(8):  129-135.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.020
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    First,a three-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear estimation model for vehicles is established based on theDugoff tire model.Then,a vehicle driving state estimation algorithm based on the federal Kalman filter and a roadadhesion coefficient estimation algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter are designed to bring about the closedloopfeedback and the linkages between the vehicle state estimation and the road adhesion coefficient estimation.Finally,the estimation algorithms of vehicle driving state and road adhesion are verified by adopting a typical situationbased on Carsim and Matlab /Simulink co-simulation.The results show that the proposed algorithms can accuratelyestimate the vehicle state and the road adhesion coefficient.

    Zhao Yi-fan Liu Yong-shan Du Gang
    2014, 42(8):  136-142,148.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.021
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    In order to improve the fault management ability of the power battery system of electric vehicles and toensure its safe running,a telematics system is proposed for the power battery system.In the telematics system,3Gnetwork is adopted to realize the remote interaction of the power battery system data,and the advantages of the networktechnology are utilized to improve safety supervision and reduce accident potentials.Experimental results showthat ( 1) the proposed system has such functions as the remote data exchange,the battery state estimation and thehistory data processing; ( 2) the packet lost rate in the transmission is less than 2‰; and ( 3) the proposed systemnot only achieves the safety supervision of the power battery system but also benefits the product upgrade and operationmanagement of electric vehicles.

    Yu Li-min Xiong Hui-yuan Zong Zhi-jian Zhang Qing
    2014, 42(8):  143-148.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2014.08.022
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    In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of battery electric vehicles,an optimal control strategybased on the dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for the acceleration control of the electric vehicle.First,this paper establishes a PMSM ( Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) motor system model based on the efficiencymap and a PNGV( Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles) -equivalent circuit model of the Li-ion battery packas well as an efficiency model of the overall energy-powertrain.Then,a multi-objective cost function considering thepower and electrical consumption of the overall vehicle is constructed,and the dynamic programming algorithm isemployed to obtain an optimal motor torque trajectory in the acceleration process.Finally,an ECUV( ElectricalCommuter Urban Vehicle) is simulated on the Matlab platform.Simulation results demonstrate that,when thevehicle accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h,the proposed of the economic optimal acceleration trajectory decreases theelectricity consumption by 22.42% in comparison with the regular control strategy,which means that the proposedcontrol strategy is feasible and can effectively improve the energy efficiency of the overall vehicle with an energy lossreduction.

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