Due to the special climate in the humid and hot areas of China, the ventilation of hospitals through air-conditioning system leads to huge energy consumption. Most public spaces in the inpatient department of a hospital can and should be naturally ventilated to meet the thermal comfort needs of users, improve indoor air quality, and effectively save energy and reduce consumption, given proper categorization and layout. Patio is a common climate adaptive space for buildings in humid and hot areas. The article took Guangzhou, a representative city in the hot and humid region of China (23.1°N, 113.3°E), as the research location and the corridor-type inpatient building as the research object. Through the CFD simulation experiment of designing a hospital inpatient building model and analyzing the suitable periods for natural ventilation in the hot and humid region throughout the year, the study explored the influence of design elements of courtyard space on the natural ventilation performance of the public space in the nursing unit of the multi-corridor inpatient building. The results show that compared with the building without patio, the multi corridor inpatient building with the patio space can effectively improve the natural ventilation performance of the nursing unit public space of the multi corridor inpatient building; By setting a reasonable plan form, position, and height for the courtyard, the public space of each nursing unit on all levels of the multi-corridor inpatient building can achieve natural ventilation that meets human comfort. By setting the position of the air inlet on the ground floor of the inpatient building reasonably, the potential for natural ventilation throughout the year can be increased. For example, in the Guangzhou area, besides the south-facing direction, there is a higher frequency of natural wind in the southeast, northeast, and north directions. Therefore, in addition to the south-facing direction on the ground floor of the building, it is also appropriate to set some air inlets in the southeast, northeast, and north directions to increase the potential for natural ventilation throughout the year.

The essential cause of the deformation of saline soil in seasonal frozen region is the excess water and salt. Electroosmotic treatment can accelerate the dewatering of soil by driving the salt ions, the excessive water content of anodic soil is also induced subsequently, which will cause seriously freezing deformation. In this work, a set of comparison laboratory tests were performed in customized apparatus to investigate the influence of electroosmosis and calcium sodium application (0, 5%, 10%, 15%) on the deformation of sodium sulfate saline soil. The testing results indicate that electroosmosis incorporated with calcium chloride can dramatically improve the soil’s conductivity and drainage rate. Compared with sole electroosmotic treatment, the accumulative drainage of soil treated with electroosmosis-calcium chloride increases by more than 35%. Moreover, the surplus Na⁺ and SO₄^2- ions migrate to cathode and anode respectively, and exit with water flow, resulting in the significant decrease of frost heave and salt expansion. The free Ca²⁺ ions involved in anodic electrolyte migrate to cathode under the external electric field and react with OH^- ions. The obtained Ca(OH)₂ serves as cementing agents and improves the integrity of soil matrix. Also, the residual Ca²⁺ ions deported to cathodic area react with some soluble silicate, forming the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) which coate on soil particle surface and increases the internal friction angel of soil. After electroosmosis-calcium chloride treatment, the microstructure and resistance to deformation of sodium sulfate saline soil were obviously improved. And the mass concentration of 10% calcium chloride solution achieves the best reinforcement. By comparison with sole electroosmosis treatment, the drainage volume increases by 70%, and the shear strength of cathodic soil increases 27.1 kPa, the freezing deformation decreases by 65.1%. While, once the mass concentration of calcium chloride exceeds 10%, the soil shear strength and drainage decrease because of the blockage of electroosmotic channel and corrosion of electrodes, resulting in the increment of soil deformation.

In the article, the multi-channel recording signal of Mozart's Symphony No. 40 was selected as the source dry signal, and the Tianjin Cultural Center concert hall was used as an example to simulate the sound field using the architectural acoustics simulation software ODEON. The symphony orchestra was divided into 49 point sound sources according to musical instrument, corresponding to the directivity of each musical instrument respectively. Five typical receiving point positions were set in the audience seat area, and the binaural impulse response from each sound source point to the receiving point was calculated respectively, then use binaural impulse response to convolve with the instrument signal corresponding to each sound source point, and finally the 49 resulting audio signals were synchronized and played together to synthesize the multi-source audible signal of the orchestra. At the same time, according to the traditional audibility method, set a point sound source in the center of the symphony orchestra, calculate the binaural impulse response from the point sound source to the receiving point, and then use binaural impulse response to convolve with the signal of the symphony composed of 49 dry signals and mix it into a single sound source audible signal. In terms of vision, firstly, the 3D model of the concert hall was established in sketch up and the real materials were given to each surface. The model of sketch up was output to the VR virtual reality simulation software SIMLAB composer, in which the parameters such as light, material and environment were adjusted. The virtual model was rendered and baked with adjusted information parameters to obtain a better sense of immersion. HTC VIVE Cosmos glasses were used to output VR virtual scenes and to simulate the three-dimensional vision of the hall. During the architectural acoustics audio-visual experiment, the subjective evaluation differences of Reverberance and ASW (Apparent Source Width) of audible signals convoluted by multiple sound sources and single sound source were compared under the condition of with or without VR visual signal. The experimental results show that the audible signal convoluted by multiple sound sources can significantly improve the Reverberance and ASW, and the improvement degree of different receiving points is different. Due to the significant difference in sound quality between the single-source and multi-source audible signals, the listening test participants in the architectural acoustics and audiovisual experiment focused more on the improvement of spatial sound quality. The addition of VR visual signals did not significantly improve the subjective evaluation results of the audible signals.

Using multiple rocking sections system can effectively reduce the internal force demand of the rocking wall itself while ensuring the improvement of structural deformation and seismic performance. This form also has the advantages of being easier to manufacture, transport, and install. In order to analyze the improvement effect of multiple rocking sections system on the internal force of the rocking wall, the paper derived a simplified calculation formula for the displacement of frame structure in multiple pinned rocking wall system and internal force of multiple pinned rocking wall by combining the characteristics of segmented rocking walls and different boundary conditions from rocking at base only system. And it further analyzed the influence of the rocking wall stiffness ratio and the number of rocking sections on the internal force of the rocking wall, which was compared with the corresponding situation of rocking at base only system. The research shows that the peak value and variation range of internal forces can be significantly reduced when setting multiple rocking sections over the height of rocking system in comparison to full slice rocking system. Under uniform distributed load, the distribution regularities of bending moment and shear force of each section of rocking wall in multiple rocking sections system is similar. Furthermore, the peak bending moment of the rocking wall in rocking at base only system is m² times that of the rocking wall section in multiple rocking sections system, and the peak shear force of the rocking wall in rocking at base only system is m times that of the rocking wall section in multiple rocking sections system. However, when subjected to inverted triangle load, the bending moment and shear force of the upper rocking wall section are larger than those of the lower rocking wall section in multiple rocking sections system. The influence of stiffness ratio on rocking wall internal forces is obvious when the ratio varies in an appropriate scope of 1.0~5.0. When the stiffness ratio increases in this scope, the influence extent increases first and then decreases. When the stiffness ratio is not in this scope, whether too large or too small, the internal force of rocking wall is not sensitive to this parameter. At this point, the improvement effect of the rocking wall internal force by the stiffness ratio is not significant. The decreasing amplitude of rocking wall internal force decreases with the increase of the number of rocking sections, so when using multiple rocking sections system, the number of rocking sections should not be too large. In addition, the analysis also shows that the influence of the stiffness ratio and the number of rocking sections on the internal force of the rocking wall is relatively independent, and the influence effects are not coupled.

In order to study the seismic performance and reinforcement method of the wooden structure of Guangfu ancient building, two typical hoop tenon frames of Guangfu wooden ancestral halls with different structural forms were designed and manufactured by using merbau wood. A sparrow brace type damper for strengthening the tenon and mortise joints of the wooden structure was proposed and manufactured. Cyclic loading tests were carried out on the wooden frames before and after strengthening using the sparrow damper and the seismic performance of the structure and the reinforcement effect of dampers were studied. The results show that the damper can repair the damage caused by the cyclic loads, and provide higher initial stiffness in small rotation angle for the damaged mortise joint. It cooperates with the mortise joints well, so as to improve the joint stiffness, ultimate bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity, so that the ultimate bearing capacity of the reinforced specimens is higher than that of the unreinforced specimens. The unreinforced specimen show the phenomena of mortise and tenon separation and local compression buckling of mortise and tenon joints after loading, while the failure modes of the reinforced specimen are mainly mortise and tenon separation, local compression buckling of mortise and tenon joints, and vertical splitting cracks along the grain. The hysteresis curves of each joint show obvious "pinching" phenomenon. The strength degradation coefficients of all tenon joints are greater than 0.83, which shows stable bearing capacity under cyclic load. The ring stiffness and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of each joint gradually decrease and tend to be stable with the increase of rotation angle. Equivalent viscous damping coefficients of the side-span frame specimen joints gradually stabilize from 0.1 to 0.2, while those of the mid-span frame specimen joints gradually stabilize from 0.05 to 0.1. With the reinforcement of damper, the total energy consumption of the mid-span frame specimen and the side-span frame specimen increases by 67% and 19%, respectively.

Rough strips such as curtain wall skeletons affiliated with the outer curtain wall envelopes of super high-rise buildings will change the flow pattern around the building, thereby affecting the wind loading characteristics of the buildings. However, the current Chinese building structural load code lacks relevant regulations in this regard. Given this, a systematic comparative study on a typical super high-rise building was performed under the two conditions of with and without the rough strips on the building surface by means of the HFPI (High Frequency Pressure Integration) test. By analyzing the changes of the wind loading characteristics such as wind pressure coefficient, base overturning moment and structural shape factor of wind load, the effect of rough strips on the wind load of the super high-rise building structure was studied. The results show that: setting of rough strips has little effect on the positive pressure on the building surface, but it will significantly reduce the absolute value of the peak negative pressure, with a maximum decline of about 39.8%; it will significantly affect the wind pressure distribution in the building corner area and lateral sides, leading to the significant reduction of the mean wind pressure coefficient and fluctuating wind pressure coefficient in the lateral sides, and the maximum decline is 24% and 30%, respectively. Overall, setting rough strips is beneficial to the wind-resist design of the building claddings. Setting of rough strips will affect the overall wind load of the structure. At a positive blowing angle of 0°, the rough strips will slightly increase the structural shape factor of the wind load in sections along the height of the building, with a maximum increase of about 8%, and the base overturning shear force and base overturning bending moment of the X-axis will slightly increase by 4.9% and 6.0%, respectively. Setting the rough strips has an impact on the wind angle of the peak acceleration at the top of the building, and can reduce the peak acceleration by about 7.91%.

Scientifically grasping the durability performance of the recycled lump/aggregate concrete (RLAC) is of great significance for promoting the engineering application of this type of concrete. In this paper, to reveal the carbonation properties of the stone-mortar interface and the new mortar-old mortar interface in RLAC, rapid carbonation tests of these two kinds of interfaces and the mortar matrix were carried out, and the porosity of the new mortar-old mortar interfacial transition zone was investigated through backscatter electron images. The results show that the carbonization depth of the interfacial transition zone is greater than that of the mortar matrix, and the closer to the interface, the greater the degree of carbonization, showing an obvious two-dimension carbonization superposition phenomenon. The interface carbonization depths of the stone-mortar specimens vary from 26 to 46 mm, while those of the mortar-mortar specimens are only 7~15 mm. As compared with the new mortar-old mortar interface, the carbonization depth of the stone-mortar interface is much greater, indicating the latter interface having a weaker carbonization resistance. The water-to-cement ratio of the new mortar has a great influence on the carbonation performance of the new mortar-old mortar interface, and the related reduction in carbonization depth is between 15% and 52%, while the water-to-cement ratio of the old mortar has no obvious effect on the carbonation performance of such interface. When the water-to-cement ratio of the new mortar is fixed, the porosity of the new mortar-old mortar interface is almost unchanged with the water-to-cement ratio of the old mortar. However, when the water-to-cement ratio of the old mortar is fixed, the porosity of such interface decreases greatly with the reducing of the water-to-cement ratio of the new mortar. There thus comes to the conclusion that, in practical engineering, the carbonation performance of the new mortar-old mortar interface can be effectively improved by controlling the water-to-cement ratio of the new mortar.

The common strengthening methods of reinforced concrete (RC) rigid frame arch bridges mostly belong to local strengthening rather than overall reconstruction. Therefore, the improvement of structural mechanical properties is extremely limited, making it difficult to meet the increasing demands of highway traffic loads in China’s current stage. In view of the above problems, this paper firstly proposed a new strengthening method, the Method of Plate-truss Combination Strengthening. This strengthening method involves erecting steel trusses on both sides of the main beam, and uses measures such as planting rebars, welding, laying steel mesh, and pouring concrete to firmly connect the steel trusses with the main beam, forming a composite structure of a plate and truss. This transforms the structural load-bearing system from the main beam to the plate-truss composite system, achieving optimization of the structural load-bearing. Then, the above method was used to reinforce a rigid frame arch bridge. Through finite element simulation and bridge dynamic load test, the effectiveness and practicability of the new strengthening method were verified. The results show that after strengthening, the natural frequency of the structure is effectively improved, and the vertical stiffness, the bearing capacity is significantly increased. The theoretical value of vertical bending frequency in the first-order of the structure is increased by 80.5% compared to before reinforcement, and the deflection value of the structure under Highway Class-I load is reduced by 56.8% after reinforcement compared to before. The stress level of the concrete components is reduced by 10.9% to 69.8% compared to before reinforcement. The strengthening method can improve the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The vertical vibration effect of the structure after reinforcement is less than that before reinforcement. The measured impact coefficient is much smaller than the current normative value, and the dynamic performance of the structure is good.

Focusing on the shortage of existing rail inspection technology, the paper proposed a non-contact nondestructive inspection method based on air coupled guided wave. An acoustic-solid coupling simulation model was established to simulate the whole process of air coupled guided wave excitation and reception, and verified based on acoustic theory. Firstly, the influence of different damage severity of rail bottom on the received guided wave signal was simulated and analyzed through the numerical model. Then, a damage assessment method based on wavelet coefficients of the center frequency of the excitation signal was proposed, considering the influence of high intensity random white noise on air coupled guided waves. The results show that, based on the Snell's law and acoustic theory, the optimal excitation angle and reception angle of rail air-coupled guided wave detection is 6.6°; the air coupled guided wave still has the advantage of waveform stabilization, energy concentration and high interference resistance; regardless of the size and the spatial location of the damage, the arrival time of the wave packet center of the received sound pressure time domain signal is almost the same. The range of damage index will be different with the change of damage severity. The wavelet coefficient method based on the center frequency of the excitation signal is simple, feasible, and accurate, and it is suitable for the damage detection of known narrowband guided wave signals, and it can effectively identify rail damage when the received signal is seriously polluted by noise. It is feasible to detect steel rail damage based on air-coupled guided wave.

In cable-stayed bridges, multiple stay cables are connected with cross-ties and dampers to form a multilevel cable network-damper system, which can effectively reduce the vibration of stay cables. In order to deeply understand the real dynamic behavior of the system and grasp the interaction law of cross-ties and dampers, this paper proposes a model of multilevel cable network-damper system, which simplifies the cross-ties into linear spring elements, and obtains the complex characteristic equation of the system through theoretical derivation. Next, the natural frequency and damping ratio of each order of the system are solved, and local mode parameter is proposed to characterize the local vibration degree of different modes as well as the energy distribution rules of the system, and, furthermore, auxiliary estimate the vibration consistent of the system. Then, the proposed theoretical formulation is verified by the experiment and finite element simulation. Fnially, the changes of vibration mode, frequency, local mode parameter and damping ratio of the triple-layer cable network-single damper system during the change of cross-ties from flexible to rigid are investigated, and the effects of the cross-tie stiffness and damper position on the damping ratio of the system are analyzed. The results show that the multilevel cable networks-damper system decreases the amplitude of the cables and increases damping ratio of the system; that the stiffness change of the cross-tie and the set of damper at the cable end may both lead to corresponding change of multi-order system mode shape; that the change of anchoring position of the damper at the cable end may also cause individual mode shape change.; that the damping ratio is closely related to the amplitude of the section where the damper is located and to the stiffness change of the cross-tie; and that not all mode damping ratios benefit from the damper set at the cable end. In general, the farther the damper is from the bridge deck at the cable-end anchor point, the more favorable it is for the damper to play; the greater the stiffness of the auxiliary cable, the better the integrity of the vibration system; the higher the frequency, the stronger the mutual constraint between the cables.

The first-order plastic hinge method (FPHM) is simple in theory and efficient in calculation because it can rapidly estimate the position of plastic hinges and the ultimate strength of steel frames according to the proportionality property between the external load and the linear elastic bending moment. However, it ignores the combined action of axial force and bending moment on the development of plastic hinge. The refined plastic hinge method (RPHM) overcomes the limitation of the FPHM, but it determines the position of plastic hinges and the ultimate strength of the structure only by incremental adjustment of external load and iterative trial calculation, which results in the loss of proportionality property and makes the formulation complex and the computation efficiency low. The generalized plastic hinge method (GPHM) possesses the advantages of both the FPHM and the RPHM but ignores the effect of the residual stress, which leads to the overestimating of the ultimate strength of frames with columns objected to large vertical concentrated loads. To solve these problems, this paper introduces the stability coefficient to modify the initial axial strength of the section under the generalized yield criterion, and then an improved GPHM is established to rapidly evaluate the ultimate strength of steel frames with the consideration of the influence of residual stress. In the investigation, firstly, each loading step’s modified section strength is established using the strength reduction factor. Next, the homogeneous generalized yield function is established through regression analysis and the element bearing ratio, which maintains the same proportional relationship with the external load, is defined. Then, the stability coefficient is introduced to modify the initial axial strength of the section to consider the influence of residual stress. Finally, according to the proportional relationship between the element bearing ratio and the external load, the position of the plastic hinge and the corresponding load increment in each loading step are determined. By comparing and analyzing several calibration examples in literatures with different methods, it is found that the computational efficiency of the proposed method is approximately 3~12 times that of the current general structural analysis method.

Due to its advantages of light weight, adjustable strength, self-supporting after curing, good heat insulation and durability, etc., foamed concrete has been successfully used in soft foundation replacement, underground cavity and cavity filling, heat insulation and some other projects, especially in highway embankment filling projects, such as road reconstruction and expansion, bridge backfilling, subway space overlay’s load reduction, etc. If the foamed concrete is affected by such adverse environmental factor as low air pressure in the period from pouring to curing, performance degradation and deterioration of the cured foamed concrete may occur. However, there is a lack of research on the macroscopic properties and pore structure of foamed concrete after being affected by low air pressure in the pouring period. In order to investigate the service performance of foamed concrete after being affected by low air pressure in the pouring period, a simulation box of low air pressure environment was designed, and the evolution of macroscopic performance and pore structure of the foamed concrete at low air pressure (50, 60 and 80 kPa) were comparatively explored. The results show that the dry density and compressive strength of the foamed concrete decrease continuously, while the water absorption increases continuously as the air pressure decreases in the pouring period. Concretely, the dry density of the foamed concrete at 50 kPa is 63.9% of that at atmospheric pressure (101 kPa), the compressive strength is 15.8% of that at atmospheric pressure, and the water absorption of the foamed concrete reaches the maximum of 38.7% at 60 kPa. As the air pressure decreases, the equivalent pore size and the fractal dimension of pore distribution of foamed concrete both increase continuously. The number of large pores (more than 500 μm in diameter) at 50 kPa increases by 24% as comparing with that at atmospheric pressure, the number of irregular large pores and connected pores increases, and the distribution of small pores becomes more and more uneven. Moreover, in the range of pore roundness from 1.0 to 1.1, the percentage of pore number of the foamed concrete decreases gradually with the decrease of air pressure.

Large amount of hole slag will be produced in the construction of punched cast-in-place piles for highway bridges. It is an effective countermeasure to apply the hole slag to concrete components of highway bridges nearby. Based on the recycling use of recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) and considering that concrete structures in coastal areas are greatly affected by chloride corrosion, this paper prepared the recycled aggregate concrete mixed with the hole slag by replacing natural sand and natural coarse aggregates with the hole slag and RCAs, respectively. To investigate the effects of the hole slag replacement ratio (0, 50%, 70%, 100%) and RCAs replacement ratio (0, 50%, 70%, 100%) on the compressive and chloride resistance properties of such concrete, this paper carried out compression and chloride resistance tests of 96 specimens (48 cylinders with Φ 150×300 mm for compression test, and 48 cylinders with Φ 100×50 mm for chloride resistance test) made of such concrete, and mercury intrusion tests of the hole slag, river sand, and corresponding mortar. The test results show that: the compressive strength of such concrete decreases gradually with the increase of the replacement ratios of the hole slag and RCAs, and the reductions caused by the two are roughly the same; compared with RCAs, the influence of the hole slag on the elastic modulus and peak strain of such concrete is relatively limited; the chloride ion migration coefficient of such concrete increases gradually with the increase of the replacement ratios of the hole slag and RCAs on the whole, but the influence of the hole slag is obviously lower than that of RCAs; with the increase of the replacement ratio of the hole slag, the porosity of such concrete generally shows a trend of increasing gradually from fast to slow. When the hole slag and RCAs are used simultaneously in practical projects, it is suggested that the maximum replacement ratios of both should be limited to 50%.

A 1∶6 ratio frame structure model was designed for shaking table test, in order to study the influence mechanism of soil-structure interaction on the dynamic displacement response of high-rise structures on soft soil foundation. Shaking table tests were performed on a high-rise frame structure considering soil-pile-structure dynamic interaction system and on a frame structure model on fixed-base condition. By comparing the structural dynamic response of the frame models considering the soil-structure interaction (SSI) and the fixed-base condition, the influence of the SSI effect on the high-level frame structure in this experiment was summarized: after considering the SSI effect, pile-soil interaction has an obvious filtering effect on seismic waves; in a large earthquake, the peak is generally weakened, and the vibration frequency of the overall structure is reduced, and the damping ratio is increased. From the perspective of structural internal forces, the SSI effect reduces the floor shear force and bending moment, and effectively reduces the impact of ground vibration on the structure. From the perspective of structural displacement, when the magnitude is small, the SSI effect reduces the elastic displacement and interlayer displacement angle of the structure, and reduces the effect of the earthquake on the structure; when the magnitude is larger, the upper floor increases the structural displacement response due to model differences and damage accumulation under some working conditions. From the perspective of structural acceleration, the SSI effect reduces the absolute acceleration and relative acceleration of the floor, and also reduces the effect of earthquakes on the structure. This is due to the radiation damping and hysteresis damping generated by soil-pile-structure interaction under the SSI effect dissipate the energy of the entire structure-pile-soil system, while the radiation waves transmitted by the soft soil foundation to the superstructure change the dynamic characteristics of the structure.

The thermal conductivity of soil is an important soil property, which affects the soil temperature distribution underground. It has significant practical importance in geotechnical and civil engineering design and construction. Using reasonable means to predict it can effectively solve the problems such as time-consuming and complex process. According to the characteristics of nonlinearity and timing of soil thermal conductivity data, this paper proposed a firefly algorithm (FA) optimization limit learning machine (DELM) prediction model (NMI-FA-DELM) under NMI for soil thermal conductivity prediction. The model first screened the key parameters affecting the soil thermal conductivity by NMI, and took the filtered parameters as the data set. Then the soil thermal conductivity was predicted with the FA-DELM optimized by the firefly algorithm, and the predictive results were compared with those of statistical prediction equations, random forest methods, BP neural network models, DELM models, and SVR (support vector regression) models. The results show that the NMI-FA-DELM model can effectively predict soil thermal conductivity, with corresponding root mean square error, average absolute percentage error, a10 index, and determination coefficient of 0.363, 9.667%, 0.961 and 0.92, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the NMI-FA-DELM model is better than that of other prediction models, and the content of viscous soil and sand has greater influence on the prediction results of soil thermal conductivity. This model can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of soil thermal conductivity and provides important guidance for predicting soil thermal conductivity in practical engineering applications.

The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) is one of the important thermal parameters of concrete. At present, there are great differences in the selection of CHTC in the temperature-related research and engineering applications of building energy efficiency, structural temperature loading and temperature effects of concrete structures, and the influence of material surface conditions is not considered, all these directly affect the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results. In this paper, based on Newton's law of cooling and the principle of heat balance, a set of experimental determination system of CHTC of concrete surface was designed and constructed, and an experimental study on the CHTC of concrete surfaces with different roughness was carried out with a quantitative and controllable method of parameters to further improve and refine the quantitative calculation method of CHTC of concrete. The results show that the designed test system and method can well determine the CHTC of concrete surface in the component scale, and that the surface roughness significantly affects the convective heat exchange on concrete surface. At the wind speed of less than 10 m/s, the relative difference in CHTC of concrete surfaces with different roughness varies from 40.1% to 77.4%. The CHTC increases with the increase of surface roughness, and the forced convection is more greatly influenced by surface roughness than the natural convection. Moreover, based on the regression analysis of experimental data, the formulae for the CHTC of concrete surfaces with four typical roughness are derived, and the formulae for the CHTC of concrete considering the effects of coupled wind speed and surface roughness are also given. Some suggestions are finally given on how to determine the value of CHTC of concrete with the consideration of surface roughness in engineering.