Review of Multi-Level Urban Impacts of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240119

Abstract

Abstract:

To gain a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs) on urban and promote the sustainable development of urban transportation systems, this paper conducted a comprehensive review and systematic analysis of the multi-level impacts of SAVs. The aim is to summarize the main contributions and shortcomings of previous studies and propose possible directions for future research. The review findings indicate that existing studies primarily focus on the short-term impacts of SAVs on the transportation system, including residents’ travel behavior and road traffic flow. However, there is relatively little research on the long-term impacts of SAVs, particularly concerning urban accessibility, environment, and energy. While some studies have revealed potential negative effects of SAVs, such as adverse impacts on the environment or accessibility, few have proposed targeted and effective development strategies. Additionally, in terms of methods, existing studies mainly rely on qualitative analysis or independent transportation demand models for projections and simulations, which have certain limitations regarding the reliability of the results. Future research should focus on developing integrated land use and transportation models combined with data-driven approaches to more precisely, comprehensively, and systematically characterize the long-term (negative) impacts of introducing SAVs on urban land use, the environment, and energy consumption. Additionally, targeted development strategies and responsive measures should be proposed to optimize the effectiveness of SAV deployment, mitigate potential adverse effects, and promote the evolution of urban transportation systems toward greater efficiency, intelligence, and sustainability.

Key words: intelligent transportation, shared autonomous vehicle, land use and transportation, urban impact, accessibility

CLC Number:

U268.6

ZHONG Shaopeng, LIU Ao, ZHAI Junnuo, FAN Meihan, LI Xiyao, LIN Yuan, LI Zhenhua. Review of Multi-Level Urban Impacts of Shared Autonomous Vehicles[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(6): 104-118.

Figures/Tables 3

References 120

1	WADUD Z， MACKENZIE D， LEIBY P. Help or hindrance？The travel，energy，and carbon impacts of highly automated vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2016，86：1-18.
2	LITMAN T ．Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions［M］．Victoria，Canada：Victoria Transport Policy Institute，2017.
3	冉斌，谭华春，张健，等．智能网联交通技术发展现状及趋势［J］．汽车安全与节能学报，2018，9（2）：119-130.
	RAN Bin， TAN Huachun， ZHANG Jian，et al ．Deve-lopment status and trend of connected automated vehicle highway system［J］．Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy，2018，9（2）：119-130.
4	孙超，黄愉文，张凯，等．智能网联汽车产业政策趋势分析及发展思考［J］．城市交通，2022，20（1）：52-58.
	SUN Chao， HUANG Yuwen， ZHANG Kai，et al ．Policy analysis and development of connected and autonomous vehicles industry［J］．Urban Transport of China，2022，20（1）：52-58
5	姚荣涵，梁亚林，刘锴，等．考虑合乘的共享自动驾驶汽车选择行为实证分析［J］．交通运输系统工程与信息，2020，20（1）：228-233.
	YAO Rong-han， LIANG Ya-lin， LIU Kai，et al ．Empirical analysis of choice behavior for shared autonomous vehicles with concern of ride-sharing［J］．Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology，2020，20（1）：228-233.
6	FAGNANT D J， KOCKELMAN K ．Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles：opportunities，barriers and policy recommendations［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2015，77：167-181.
7	SAKAGUCHI Y， BAKIBILLAH A S M， KAMAL M A S，et al ．A cyber-physical framework for optimal coordination of connected and automated vehicles on multi-lane freeways［J］．Sensors，2023，23（2）：611-622.
8	洪家乐，曲大义，贾彦峰，等．智能网联混合车流的动态特性及稳态控制策略［J］．公路交通科技，2022，39（3）：125-132.
	HONG Jiale， QU Dayi， JIA Yanfeng，et al ．Dynamic characteristics and steady state control strategy of intelligent networked mixed traffic flow［J］．Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development， 2022，39（3）：125-132.
9	HULA A， de ZWART R， MONS C，et al ．Using reaction times and accident statistics for safety impact prediction of automated vehicles on road safety of vulnerable road users［J］．Safety Science，2023，162：106091/1-7.
10	秦波，陈筱璇，屈伸．自动驾驶车辆对城市的影响与规划应对：基于涟漪模型的文献综述［J］．国际城市规划，2019，34（6）：108-114.
	QIN Bo， CHEN Xiaoxuan， QU Shen ．The impacts of autonomous vehicle on the cities and planning responses：a literature review based on ripple effect model［J］．Urban Planning International，2019，34（6）：108-114.
11	MILAKIS D， van AREM B， van WEE B ．Policy and society related implications of automated driving：a review of literature and directions for future research［J］．Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems，2017，21（4）：324-348.
12	ZHONG S， BUSHELL M ．Impact of the built environment on the vehicle emission effects of road pricing policies：a simulation case study［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2017，103：235-249.
13	ZHONG S， SUN J ．Logic-driven traffic big data analy-tics：methodology and applications for planning［M］．Singapore：Springer，2022.
14	FAGNANT D J， KOCKELMAN K M ．The travel and environmental implications of shared autonomous vehicles，using agent-based model scenarios［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2014，40：1-13.
15	CHILDRESS S， NICHOLS B， CHARLTON B，et al ．Using an activity-based model to explore the potential impacts of automated vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Record，2015，2493（1）：99-106.
16	EWING R， SCHMID T， KILLINGSWORTH R，et al ．Relationship between urban sprawl and physical acti-vity，obesity，and morbidity［J］．American Journal of Health Promotion，2003，18（1）：47-57.
17	张文烁，陈宇琳，姜洋．自动驾驶汽车对城市空间形态的影响综述［J］．城市交通，2022，20（5）：1-10.
	ZHANG Wenshuo， CHEN Yulin， JIANG Yang ．An overview of the impacts of autonomous vehicles on urban spatial form［J］．Urban Transport of China，2022，20（5）：1-10.
18	SOTEROPOULOS A， BERGER M， CIARI F ．Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use：an international review of modelling studies［J］．Transport Reviews，2019，39（1）：29-49.
19	DAGANZO C F ．The cell transmission model：a dynamic representation of highway traffic consistent with the hydrodynamic theory［J］．Transportation Research Part B：Methodological，1994，28（4）：269-287.
20	NIELSEN O A ．A stochastic transit assignment model considering differences in passengers utility functions［J］．Transportation Research Part B：Methodological，2000，34（5）：377-402.
21	JIANG Y， SZETO W Y ．Reliability-based stochastic transit assignment：formulations and capacity paradox［J］．Transportation Research Part B：Methodological，2016，93：181-206.
22	ZHONG S， LIU A， JIANG Y，et al ．Energy and environmental impacts of shared autonomous vehicles under different pricing strategies［J］．npj Urban Sustai-nability，2023，3（1）：1-10.
23	ARNAOUT G M， ARNAOUT J P ．Exploring the effects of cooperative adaptive cruise control on highway traffic flow using microscopic traffic simulation［J］．Transportation Planning and Technology，2014，37（2）：186-199.
24	YANG K， GULER S I， MENENDEZ M ．Isolated intersection control for various levels of vehicle technology：conventional，connected，and automated vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2016，72：109-129.
25	MILAKIS D， SNELDER M， van AREM B，et al ．Development and transport implications of automated vehicles in the Netherlands：scenarios for 2030 and 2050［J］．European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research，2017，17（1）：63-85.
26	STECK F， KOLAROVA V， BAHAMONDE-BIRKE F，et al ．How autonomous driving may affect the value of travel time savings for commuting［J］．Transportation Research Record，2018，2672（46）：11-20.
27	ZHONG H， LI W， BURRIS M W，et al ．Will autonomous vehicles change auto commuters’ value of travel time？［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2020，83：102303/1-14.
28	KIM S H， MOKHTARIAN P L， CIRCELLA G ．How，and for whom，will activity patterns be modified by self-driving cars？Expectations from the state of Georgia［J］．Transportation Research Part F：Traffic Psychology and Behaviour，2020，70：68-80.
29	刘志伟，宋正沄，邓卫，等．无人驾驶汽车对中短距离市际出行方式选择行为的影响［J］．交通信息与安全，2022，40（2）：91-97.
	LIU Zhiwei， SONG Zhengyun， DENG Wei，et al ．Impacts of autonomous vehicles on mode choice behavior in the context of short- and medium- distance intercity travel［J］．Journal of Transport Information and Safety，2022，40（2）：91-97.
30	VOSOOGHI R， PUCHINGER J， JANKOVIC M，et al ．Shared autonomous vehicle simulation and service design［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2019，107：15-33.
31	CHEN T D， KOCKELMAN K M， HANNA J P ．Operations of a shared，autonomous，electric vehicle fleet：implications of vehicle & charging infrastructure decisions［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2016，94：243-254.
32	MASOUD N， JAYAKRISHNAN R ．Autonomous or driver-less vehicles：implementation strategies and operational concerns［J］．Transportation Research Part E：Logistics and Transportation Review，2017，108：179-194.
33	SONNLEITNER J， FRIEDRICH M， RICHTER E ．Impacts of highly automated vehicles on travel demand：macroscopic modeling methods and some results［J］．Transportation，2022，49（3）：927-950.
34	IACOBUCCI R， DONHAUSER J， SCHMÖCKER J D，et al ．The demand potential of shared autonomous vehicles：a large-scale simulation using mobility survey data［J］．Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems，2023，28（5）：719-740.
35	BOOTH L， NORMAN R， PETTIGREW S ．The potential implications of autonomous vehicles for active transport［J］．Journal of Transport & Health，2019，15：100623/1-9.
36	MAY A D， SHEPHERD S， PFAFFENBICHLER P，et al ．The potential impacts of automated cars on urban transport：an exploratory analysis［J］．Transport Policy，2020，98：127-138.
37	GUO X Y， ZHANG G， JIA A F ．Study on mixed traffic of autonomous vehicles and human-driven vehicles with different cyber interaction approaches［J］．Vehicular Communications，2023，39：100550/1-11.
38	顾海燕．车联网环境下高速公路车辆跟驰模型及仿真研究［D］．南京：东南大学，2017.
39	李克强，常雪阳，李家文，等．智能网联汽车云控系统及其实现［J］．汽车工程，2020，42（12）：1595-1605.
	LI Keqiang， CHANG Xueyang， LI Jiawen，et al ．Cloud control system for intelligent and connected vehicles and its application［J］．Automotive Engineering，2020，42（12）：1595-1605.
40	DING Y， JIN M， LI S，et al ．Smart logistics based on the internet of things technology：an overview［J］．International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications，2021，24（4）：323-345.
41	鹿应荣，许晓彤，丁川，等．连续信号交叉口网联自动驾驶车速控制［J］．北京航空航天大学学报，2018，44（11）：2257-2266.
	LU Yingrong， XU Xiaotong， DING Chuan，et al ．Speed control of connected autonomous vehicles at continuous signalized intersections［J］．Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2018，44（11）：2257-2266.
42	KAMAL M A S， IMURA J， HAYAKAWA T，et al ．A vehicle-intersection coordination scheme for smooth flows of traffic without using traffic lights［J］．IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2014，16（3）：1136-1147.
43	PARK J E， BYUN W， KIM Y，et al ．The impact of automated vehicles on traffic flow and road capacity on urban road networks［J］．Journal of Advanced Transportation，2021，2021：1-10.
44	OLIA A， RAZAVI S， ABDULHAI B，et al ．Traffic capacity implications of automated vehicles mixed with regular vehicles［J］．Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems，2018，22（3）： 244-262.
45	TALEBPOUR A， MAHMASSANI H S ．Influence of connected and autonomous vehicles on traffic flow stability and throughput［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2016，71：143-163.
46	MAURER M， GERDES J C， LENZ B，et al ．Autonomous driving：technical，legal and social aspects［M］．Berlin：Springer Nature，2016.
47	HUANG Y， YE Y， SUN J，et al ．Characterizing the impact of autonomous vehicles on macroscopic fundamental diagrams［J］．IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2023，24（6）：6530-6541.
48	TANG W， YU W， FENG C，et al ．Assessment of future parking systems with autonomous vehicles through agent-based simulation：a case study of Hangzhou，China［J］．Sustainable Cities and Society，2024，100：105016/1-13.
49	SHAFIEI S， GU Z， GRZYBOWSKA H，et al ．Impact of self-parking autonomous vehicles on urban traffic congestion［J］．Transportation，2023，50（1）：183-203.
50	LOKHANDWALA M， CAI H ．Dynamic ride sharing using traditional taxis and shared autonomous taxis：a case study of NYC［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2018，97：45-60.
51	LEVIN M W， KOCKELMAN K M， BOYLES S D，et al ．A general framework for modeling shared autonomous vehicles with dynamic network-loading and dynamic ride-sharing application［J］．Computers，Environment and Urban Systems，2017，64：373-383.
52	MACIEJEWSKI M， BISCHOFF J ．Congestion effects of autonomous taxi fleets［J］．Transport，2018，33（4）：971-980.
53	NARAYANAN S， CHANIOTAKIS E， ANTONIOU C ．Shared autonomous vehicle services：a comprehensive review［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2020，111：255-293.
54	DENG Z， YANG K， SHEN W，et al ．Cooperative platoon formation of connected and autonomous vehicles：toward efficient merging coordination at unsignalized intersections［J］．IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2023，24（5）：5625-5639.
55	GUO Q， LI L， BAN X J ．Urban traffic signal control with connected and automated vehicles：a survey［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2019，101：313-334.
56	HU Q， HU S， SHEN S，et al ．Optimizing routing and scheduling of shared autonomous electric taxis considering capacity constrained parking facilities［J］．Sustainable Cities and Society，2024：105557/1-14.
57	ZAKHARENKO R ．Self-driving cars will change cities［J］．Regional Science and Urban Economics，2016，61：26-37.
58	ZHANG W， GUHATHAKURTA S ．Parking spaces in the age of shared autonomous vehicles：How much parking will we need and where？［J］Transportation Research Record，2017，2651（1）：80-91.
59	NOURINEJAD M， BAHRAMI S， ROORDA M J ．Designing parking facilities for autonomous vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Part B：Methodological，2018，109：110-127.
60	DAS H S， RAHMAN M M， LI S，et al ．Electric vehicles standards，charging infrastructure，and impact on grid integration：a technological review［J］．Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2020，120：109618/1-27.
61	NEZAMUDDIN O N， NICHOLAS C L， dos SANTOS E C ．The problem of electric vehicle charging：state-of-the-art and an innovative solution［J］．IEEE Tran-sactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems，2021，23（5）：4663-4673.
62	VOSOOGHI R， PUCHINGER J， BISCHOFF J，et al ．Shared autonomous electric vehicle service performance：assessing the impact of charging infrastructure［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2020，81：102283/1-15.
63	YANG X， ABDIN A， PUCHINGER J ．Optimal management of coupled shared autonomous electric vehicles and power grids：potential of renewable energy integration［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2024，165：104726/1-20.
64	杨昌俊，郑辰浩，戴晶辰，等．高速公路网联自动驾驶专用车道物理基础设施设计方法研究综述［J］．交通信息与安全，2024，42（2）：1-11.
	YANG Changjun， ZHENG Chenhao， DAI Jingchen，et al ．A review of physical infrastructure design methods for dedicated lane for connected and autonomous vehicles on highway［J］．Journal of Transport Information and Safety，2024，42（2）：1-11.
65	卢春房，马成贤，江媛，等．中国车路协同产业研究与发展对策建议［J］．中国公路学报，2023，36（3）：225-233.
	LU Chun-fang， MA Cheng-xian， JIANG Yuan，et al ．Countermeasure suggestions of development and research for vehicle infrastructure cooperation industry in China［J］．China Journal of Highway and Transport，2023，36（3）：225-233.
66	SHI W， DUSTDAR S ．The promise of edge computing［J］．Computer，2016，49（5）：78-81.
67	赵婵婵，吕飞，石宝，等．面向边缘智能的协同推理方法研究综述［J］．计算机工程与应用，2024，61（3）：1-22.
	ZHAO Chanchan， Fei LYU， SHI Bao，et al ．Review of collaborative inference methods for edge intelligence［J］．Computer Engineering and Applications，2024，61（3）：1-22.
68	ACHEAMPONG R A， SIIBA A ．Modelling the determinants of car-sharing adoption intentions among young adults：the role of attitude，perceived benefits，travel expectations and socio-demographic factors［J］．Transportation，2020，47（5）：2557-2580.
69	RAHMAN M M， THILL J C ．Impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles on urban transportation and environment：a comprehensive review［J］．Sustainable Cities and Society，2023，96：104649/1-16.
70	NIKITAS A， MICHALAKOPOULOU K， NJOYA E T，et al ．Artificial intelligence，transport and the smart city：definitions and dimensions of a new mobility era［J］．Sustainability，2020，12（7）：2789/1-19.
71	GELAUFF G， OSSOKINA I， TEULINGS C ．Spatial and welfare effects of automated driving：Will cities grow，decline or both？［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2019，121：277-294.
72	ZHANG W ．The interaction between land use and transportation in the era of shared autonomous vehicles：asimulation model［D］．Atlanta：Georgia Institute of Technology，2017.
73	WELLIK T， KOCKELMAN K ．Anticipating land-use impacts of self-driving vehicles in the Austin，Texas，region［J］．Journal of Transport and Land Use，2020，13（1）：185-205.
74	FRAEDRICH E， HEINRICHS D， BAHAMONDE-BIRKE F J，et al ．Autonomous driving，the built environment and policy implications［J］．Transportation Research Part A：Policy and Practice，2019，122：162-172.
75	KIM S H， MOKHTARIAN P L， CIRCELLA G ．Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership？Glimpses from Georgia［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2020，82：102291/1-17.
76	黄一如，姜弘毅．自动驾驶汽车对未来城市住区空间布局影响初探［J］．住宅科技，2021，41（6）：28-34.
	HUANG Yiru， JIANG Hongyi ．Research on the influence of autonomous vehicle on the spatial layout of future urban residential areas［J］．Housing Science，2021，41（6）：28-34.
77	CORDERA R， NOGUÉS S， GONZÁLEZ-GONZÁLEZ E，et al ．Modeling the impacts of autonomous vehicles on land use using a LUTI model［J］．Sustainability，2021，13（4）：1608/1-16.
78	STEAD D， VADDADI B ．Automated vehicles and how they may affect urban form：a review of recent scenario studies［J］．Cities，2019，92：125-133.
79	GONZÁLEZ-GONZÁLEZ E， NOGUÉS S， STEAD D ．Automated vehicles and the city of tomorrow：a backcasting approach［J］．Cities，2019，94：153-160.
80	FAISAL A， KAMRUZZAMAN M， YIGITCANLAR T，et al ．Understanding autonomous vehicles：a systematic literature review on capability，impact，planning and policy［J］．Journal of Transport and Land Use，2019，12（1）：45-72.
81	HAWKINS J， NURUL H K ．Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution［J］．Transport Reviews，2019，39（1）：66-83.
82	ZHONG S， LI X， JIANG Y，et al ．Identifying the combined effect of shared autonomous vehicles and congestion pricing on regional job accessibility［J］．Journal of Transport and Land Use，2020，13（1）：273-297.
83	LIU A， ZHONG S， SUN D，et al ．Joint optimal pricing strategy of shared autonomous vehicles and road congestion pricing：a regional accessibility perspective［J］．Cities，2024，146：104742/1-18.
84	JONES E C， LEIBOWICZ B D ．Contributions of shared autonomous vehicles to climate change mitigation［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2019，72：279-298.
85	GAWRON J H， KEOLEIAN G A， de KLEINE R D，et al ．Deep decarbonization from electrified autonomous taxi fleets：life cycle assessment and case study in Austin，TX［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2019，73：130-141.
86	GREENBLATT J B， SAXENA S ．Autonomous taxis could greatly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions of US light-duty vehicles［J］．Nature Climate Change，2015，5（9）：860-863.
87	ALHARIQI A， GU Z， SABERI M ．Impact of vehicle arrangement in mixed autonomy traffic on emissions［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2023，125：103964/1-15.
88	ROJAS R D， NIEUWENHUIJSEN M J， KHREIS H，et al ．Autonomous vehicles and public health［J］．Annual Review of Public Health，2020，41：329-345.
89	BROWN A， GONDER J， REPAC B ．An analysis of possible energy impacts of automated vehicles［M］．Switzerland：Springer Cham，2014.
90	NADAFIANSHAHAMABADI R， TAYARANI M， ROWANGOULD G ．A closer look at urban development under the emergence of autonomous vehicles：traffic，land use and air quality impacts［J］．Journal of Transport Geography，2021，94：103113/1-14.
91	RAFAEL S， CORREIA L P， LOPES D，et al ．Autonomous vehicles opportunities for cities air quality［J］．Science of the Total Environment，2020，712：136546/1-11.
92	OH S， LENTZAKIS A F， SESHADRI R，et al ．Impacts of automated mobility-on-demand on traffic dynamics，energy and emissions：a case study of Singapore［J］．Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory，2021，110：102327/1-17.
93	QU X， ZHONG L， ZENG Z，et al ．Automation and connectivity of electric vehicles：energy boon or bane？［J］．Cell Reports Physical Science，2022，3（8）：1-12.
94	PAN S， FULTON L M， ROY A，et al ．Shared use of electric autonomous vehicles：air quality and health impacts of future mobility in the United States［J］．Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2021，149：111380/1-11.
95	TUFFOUR J P， EWING R ．Can battery electric vehicles meet sustainable energy demands？Systematically reviewing emissions，grid impacts，and coupling to renewable energy［J］．Energy Research & Social Science，2024，114：103625/1-14.
96	MILAKIS D， KROESEN M， van WEE B ．Implications of automated vehicles for accessibility and location choices：evidence from an expert-based experiment［J］．Journal of Transport Geography，2018，68：142-148.
97	PAPA E， FERREIRA A ．Sustainable accessibility and the implementation of automated vehicles：identifying critical decisions［J］．Urban Science，2018，2（1）：1-14.
98	COHEN T， CAVOLI C ．Automated vehicles：exploring possible consequences of government （non） intervention for congestion and accessibility［J］．Transport Reviews，2019，39（1）：129-151.
99	MEYER J， BECKER H， BÖSCH P M，et al ．Autonomous vehicles：the next jump in accessibilities？［J］．Research in Transportation Economics，2017，62：80-91.
100	NAHMIAS-BIRAN B， OKE J B， KUMAR N，et al ．Evaluating the impacts of shared automated mobility on-demand services：an activity-based accessibility approach［J］．Transportation，2021，48：1613-1638.
101	WU X， CAO J， DOUMA F ．The impacts of vehicle automation on transport-disadvantaged people［J］．Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives，2021，11：100447/1-8.
102	EPPENBERGER N， RICHTER M A ．The opportunity of shared autonomous vehicles to improve spatial equity in accessibility and socio-economic developments in European urban areas［J］．European Transport Research Review，2021，13（1）：1-21.
103	MOURATIDIS K， PETERS S， van WEE B ．Transportation technologies，sharing economy，and teleactivities：implications for built environment and travel［J］．Transportation Research Part D：Transport and Environment，2021，92：102716/1-23.
104	KRUEGER R， RASHIDI T H， ROSE J M ．Prefe-rences for shared autonomous vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2016，69：343-355.
105	FAGNANT D J， KOCKELMAN K M， BANSAL P ．Operations of shared autonomous vehicle fleet for Austin，Texas，market［J］．Transportation Research Record，2015，2563（1）：98-106.
106	GURUMURTHY K M， KOCKELMAN K M， AULD J ．A system of shared autonomous vehicles for Chicago［J］．Journal of Transport and Land Use，2021，14（1）：933-948.
107	LI J， ROMBAUT E， VANHAVERBEKE L ．A systematic review of agent-based models for autonomous vehicles in urban mobility and logistics：possibilities for integrated simulation models［J］．Computers，Environment and Urban Systems，2021，89：101686/1-20.
108	BEIRIGO B A， SCHULTE F， NEGENBORN R R ．Integrating people and freight transportation using shared autonomous vehicles with compartments［J］．IFAC-PapersOnLine，2018，51（9）：392-397.
109	XIDIAS E， ZACHARIA P， NEARCHOU A ．Intelligent fleet management of autonomous vehicles for city logistics［J］．Applied Intelligence，2022，52（15）：18030-18048.
110	MAENG K， CHO Y ．Who will want to use shared autonomous vehicle service and how much？A consumer experiment in South Korea［J］．Travel Behaviour and Society，2022，26：9-17.
111	NUNES A， AXHAUSEN K W ．Road safety，health inequity and the imminence of autonomous vehicles［J］．Nature Machine Intelligence，2021，3（8）：654-655.
112	ZHANG W， GUHATHAKURTA S ．Residential location choice in the era of shared autonomous vehicles［J］．Journal of Planning Education and Research，2021，41（2）：135-148.
113	NIKITAS A， VITEL A E， COTET C ．Autonomous vehicles and employment：an urban futures revolution or catastrophe？［J］．Cities，2021，114：103203/1-14.
114	LIU H， LU X Y， SHLADOVER S E ．Traffic signal control by leveraging cooperative adaptive cruise control （CACC） vehicle platooning capabilities［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2019，104：390-407.
115	XIONG B K， JIANG R， LI X ．Managing merging from a CAV lane to a human-driven vehicle lane considering the uncertainty of human driving［J］．Transportation Research Part C：Emerging Technologies，2022，142：103775/1-20.
116	KHALID M， AWAIS M， SINGH N，et al ．Autonomous transportation in emergency healthcare services：framework，challenges，and future work［J］．IEEE Internet of Things Magazine，2021，4（1）：28-33.
117	LEE J， KOCKELMAN K M ．Strategic evacuation for hurricanes and regional events with and without autonomous vehicles［J］．Transportation Research Record，2021，2675（9）：1398-1409.
118	KARMA S， ZORBA E， PALLIS G C，et al ．Use of unmanned vehicles in search and rescue operations in forest fires：advantages and limitations observed in a field trial［J］．International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction，2015，13：307-312.
119	TAEIHAGH A， LIM H S M ．Governing autonomous vehicles：emerging responses for safety，liability，privacy，cybersecurity，and industry risks［J］．Transport Reviews，2019，39（1）：103-128.
120	LIU N， NIKITAS A， PARKINSON S ．Exploring expert perceptions about the cyber security and privacy of connected and autonomous vehicles：a thematic analysis approach［J］．Transportation Research Part F：Traffic Psychology and Behaviour，2020，75：66-86.

[1]	LEI Cailin, ZHAO Cong, LOU Ren, JI Yuxiong, DU Yuchuan. Quality Assessment Method of Vehicle Trajectory Data from Roadside Perception [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(6): 56-72.
[2]	ZHANG Yunchao, HUANG Jianling, LI Yongxing, et al. Online Driving Style Recognition Method Considering Lane-Changing Game [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(4): 126-137.
[3]	ZHU Caihua, LI Yan, SUN Xiaoli, et al. Traffic Demand Prediction of Urban Public Bicycles with the Consideration of Land Use [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(3): 9-20,37.
[4]	WEN Huiying JIANG Li. Identification of Urban Hinterland Based on Traffic Accessibility: A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2021, 49(12): 79-88.
[5]	YAO Enjian LIU Wenting LIU Shasha YANG Yang. ptimizing Last Train Timetable for Urban Rail Transit Based on Dynamic Accessibility [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(1): 58-65.
[6]	. Effect of Combination Mode of Traffic Guidance Information on Route Decision-Making [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(8): 77-83.
[7]	WANG Ze-sheng DONG Bao-tian WANG Ai-li. Pedestrian Detection Method Based on Adaptive Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(6): 74-80.
[8]	TIAN SHENG MA Mei-na XU Kai. Continuous Traffic Network Design Under Stochastic Equilibrium Assignment [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(11): 17-23.
[9]	Qin Hua-biao Xiao Zhi-yong . A Position-Based Stable Clustering Routing Protocol [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 38(6): 1-6.
[10]	Wen Hui-ying Xu Jian-min Zou Liang. Genetic Algorithm-Based Computation of the Shortest Path in Discrete-Time Dynamic Networks [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(2): 13-16,28.
[11]	Huang Ling Xu Jian-min. Dynamic Traffic Congestion Prediction Model Based on Probe Vehicle Technology [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 36(10): 47-50,56.
[12]	Shi Sheng-li Xu Jian-min Qin Zhong. Vehicle Positioning ßased on CDMA and GSM Networks [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 35(2): 50-53.
[13]	Zhong Hui-ling Xu Jian-min Peng Xuan-rong. Solution to and Analysis of the Model of Dedicated Short-Range Communication Protocol [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(6): 18-22.
[14]	Zhong Hui-ling Xu Jian-min Peng Xuan-rong. Establishment of Dedicated Short-Range Comm unication Protocol Model [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 33(4): 34-38.
[15]	Hu Yu-cong, Xu Jian-min, Wu Yi-min, et al. Fusion Model of Vehicle Positioning Based on BP Neural Network [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2004, 32(2): 46-49.