Artificial Bladder Detrusor System Driven by Shape Memory Alloy

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230398

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the lack of effective treatment for neurogenic and myogenic bladder, a new solution, namely an artificial bladder detrusor system, was proposed from an engineering perspective. Based on the shape memory effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) springs, a system structure consisting of a wireless power transfer module, a control module, a feedback module and an executive module was designed to realize the assisted urination in accordance with human urodynamics. A finite element model of human bladder was established, and the storage process as well as the assisted urination process of the human bladder was simulated and analyzed. Based on the simulation results and the mathematical model of SMA springs, the structural parameters of SMA spring actuator were optimized. Then, the temperature-free height equation of SMA springs was derived according to experimental data. Furthermore, by combining with the thermodynamic formula and the spring mathematical model, the system control equation was derived, and an open-loop control strategy of the system was proposed on this basis. Finally, based on the feedback module of the system, a proportional integral differential (PID) closed-loop control strategy was designed, and a simulation experiment platform was constructed to study the urine flow rate characteristics of the system. The results indicate that the principle of the system is feasible, and that the assisted urination process is continuously controllable. Under different urine volumes, the two control strategies can both achieve assisted urination in accordance with human urodynamic principles. This research can provide guidance for the design of clinically applicable artificial bladder detrusor system and also offer a reference for the design of other implantable devices using SMA springs as actuators.

Key words: artificial bladder detrusor, shape memory alloy, spring, continuous control, urodynamics

CLC Number:

TH789

LI Xiao, LI Yapeng. Artificial Bladder Detrusor System Driven by Shape Memory Alloy[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(6): 73-80.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Table 1

Table 2

Main material parameters of SMA helical spring"

参数	取值		取值
E_M/MPa	65 000	C_M/（MPa·K^-1）	9
E_A/MPa	243 000	C_A/（MPa·K^-1）	13.8
σ $s c r$ /MPa	100	ν	0.33
δ_m/（kW·m^-1·K^-1）	0.86	c₁/（J·g^-1·K^-1）	0.41
δ_a/（kW·m^-1·K^-1）	1.8	m₁/g	2.55
A_s/℃	38	c₂/（J·g^-1·K^-1）	0.837
A_f/℃	54	m₂/g	17.5

Table 2

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

References 15

1	METE U K， POWELL C R ．Review of current neurogenic bladder best practices and international guidelines［J］．Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports，2020，15：283-295．
2	LI X， GUAN T， ZHOU D，et al ．Design and investigation of bladder power pump driven by an external electromagnet［J］．Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2014，28：3589-3596．
3	YANG X， AN C， LIU S，et al ．Soft artificial bladder detrusor［J］．Advanced Healthcare Materials，2018，7（6）：1701014/1-9．
4	HASSANI F A， GAMMAD G G L， MOGAN R P，et al ．Design and anchorage dependence of shape memory alloy actuators on enhanced voiding of a bladder［J］．Advanced Materials Technologies，2018，3（1）：1700184/1-12．
5	HASSANI F A， PEH W Y X， GAMMAD G G L，et al ．A 3D printed implantable device for voiding the bladder using shape memory alloy （SMA） actuators［J］．Advanced Science，2017，4（11）：1700143/1-10．
6	HASSANI F A， JIN H， YOKOTA T，et al ．Soft sensors for a sensing-actuation system with high bladder voiding efficiency［J］．Science Advances，2020，6（18）：eaba0412/1-8．
7	KIGUCHI K， SAKAMOTO Y， NAKASHIMA K，et al ．Development of an urination assist system - a bladder compressing system with a link-work mechanism［C］∥Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics．［S.l.］：IEEE，2007．
8	聂帆宇，李笑，李晓刚．超声汽化蒸汽驱动的膀胱动力泵尿道阀研究［J］．机床与液压，2017，45（1）：9-15．
	NIE Fan-yu， LI Xiao， LI Xiao-gang ．Research of the urethral valve for bladder power pump driven by ultrasonic-vaporized steam［J］．Machine Tool & Hydraulics，2017，45（1）：9-15．
9	胡振，李笑，关婷．超声汽化蒸汽驱动的尿道阀的仿真与实验［J］．中国机械工程，2015，26（13）：1789-1793．
	HU Zhen， LI Xiao， GUAN Ting ．Simulation and experiments for urethral valve driven by ultrasonic-vaporized steam［J］．China Mechanical Engineering，2015，26（13）：1789-1793．
10	CASAGRANDE G， IBRAHIMI M， SEMPRONI F，et al ．Hydraulic detrusor for artificial bladder active voiding［J］．Soft Robotics，2023，10（2）：269-279
11	陈忠，崔拮，双卫兵．神经源性膀胱［M］．北京：人民卫生出版社，2009．
12	KUMAT S S ．A robotic device to assist with in-vivo measurement of human pelvic organ tissue properties［D］．［S.l.］：［s.n.］，2018．
13	BUSH M B， LIEDL B， WAGENLEHNER F，et al ．A finite element model validates an external mechanism for opening the urethral tube prior to micturition in the female［J］．World Journal of Urology，2015，33：1151-1157．
14	MOHD J J， LEARY M， SUBIC A ．Designing shape memory alloy linear actuators：a review［J］．Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，2017，28（13）：1699-1718．
15	BRINSON L， BEKKER A， HWANG S ．Deformation of shape memory alloys due to thermo-induced transformation［J］．Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，1996，7（1）：97-107．

名称	型号或参数		型号或参数
单片机	STM32F103R	上传感器	IMS-C20A
降压模块	LM2596S	下传感器	IMS-S40A
继电器	JQC-3FF-S	电子秤	JJ1000
WPT模块	A03-01	线性转换模块	0~5 V

[1]	DU Yunwei, WANG Ronghui, ZHEN Xiaoxia, et al. Calculation of Elastic Stiffness of Shear Connector in Steel Concrete Bridge Tower Joint Section [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 51(2): 76-87.
[2]	ZHANG Xueguang LIU Chunguo LIANG Jiye. A 3D Die Compensation Method Based on Interpolation Solution and FE Simulation [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(7): 100-108.
[3]	PAN Difu CHEN Jun BAO Tianzhe HAN Kun . Application of Multi-Output Support Vector Ｒegression Hybrid Model in Locomotive Secondary Spring Loads Adjustment [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(4): 22-28.
[4]	PAN Difu CHEN Jun BAO Tianzhe HAN Kun . Application of Multi-Output Support Vector Regression Hybrid Model in Locomotive Secondary Spring Loads Adjustment [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(4): 16-21,28.
[5]	HE Wei ZHU Liang-sheng HU Jin-peng. Impact of Lingding Navigation Channel on Fresh Salt-Water Mixing in Dry Season [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(4): 138-144.
[6]	Teng Fei Liang Ji-cai Zhang Wan-xi Wang Xue Gao Song. Springback Prediction of Ｒectangular Profiles During Three-Dimension Stretch Bending Forming [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 43(2): 107-113.
[7]	Xia Qin-xiang Wang Ting Chen Zhi-ping Zhao Xue-zhi Qiu Zun-wen. Forming Quality Control of Multi-Position Progressive Stamping Based on Numerical Simulation [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 42(7): 80-85.
[8]	Liang Ji- cai Teng Fei Gao Song Chen Guang- yi Wei Zhi- yong. Multi- Objective Optimization of Flexible Three- Dimensional Stretch-Bending Forming Process of rectangular Hollow Aluminum Profiles [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 41(9): 143-148.
[9]	Li Min Zhang Ya-nan Gong Zhen-bang. Development of Robot for Inspecting Exterior of Tubes of Heat Exchangers in Nuclear Power Plants [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 39(8): 48-53.
[10]	Ling Yu-hong Peng Hui-hong Zhang Shuai. A Novel SMA Damper and Its Vibration Reduction Performance [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 39(6): 119-125.
[11]	Ling Yu-hong Peng Hui-hong Zhang Shuai. Mechanical Behavior of Superelastic NiTi Wires [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 38(4): 131-135，155.
[12]	Yang Xiang-an Ruan Feng Zhou Chi. Multi-Objective Optimization of Forming Process of Sheet Metal Based on Springback Control [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 38(12): 7-13.
[13]	Liu Qiang Ruan Feng Xue Xin Zhou Chi . Compensation Control of Springback Torsion for 3D Irregular Stamping Parts [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 37(9): 93-97.
[14]	. Horizontal Earthquake Isolating Function of the Vertical Spring-steel Rolling Base Isolation Seismic System [J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2003, 31(6): 20-25.