Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (11): 90-100.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240367
• Intelligent Transportation System • Previous Articles Next Articles
LI Haijian1, LI Yuxuan1, WANG Weijie1, TONG Shengjun2, GAO Jingbo2, LI Tongfei1, CHEN Na1
Received:2024-07-15
Online:2025-11-25
Published:2025-07-04
Contact:
陈娜(1991—),女,博士,讲师,主要从事车路协同与自动驾驶仿真研究。
E-mail:nachen@bjut.edu.cn
About author:李海舰(1986—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事智能交通系统研究。E-mail: lihaijian@bjut.edu.cn
Supported by:CLC Number:
LI Haijian, LI Yuxuan, WANG Weijie, TONG Shengjun, GAO Jingbo, LI Tongfei, CHEN Na. A Review of Researches on Operation Management, Simulation, and Evaluation of Urban Autonomous Delivery Vehicles[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(11): 90-100.
Table 1
Parameters of several common autonomous delivery vehicles[15,25-27]"
| 车辆类型 | 车辆尺寸/(mm × mm × mm) | 承载质量/kg | 最大速度/(km·h-1) | 续航里程或电池容量 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 京东无人配送车 | 2 100 × 960 × 1 850 | 100 | 35 | 40 km |
| 美团“魔袋20”无人配送车 | 2 450 × 1 010 × 1 900 | 150 | 45 | 120 km |
| Nuro R2无人配送车 | 2 740 × 1 100 × 1 860 | 190 | 40 | 31 kW·h |
| Starship无人配送车 | 697 × 569 × 571 | 10 | 6 | 1.26 kW·h |
Table 2
Comparison of management specifications for autonomous delivery vehicles in China, the US and the UK"
| 名目 | 相应规定 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中国(北京) | 美国(宾夕法尼亚州) | 英国 | ||||
| 车辆分类管理 | 非机动车 | 个人配送设备(PDD) | 低速车 | 微型移动车辆 | ||
| 行驶范围 | 非机动车道 | 人行道、路肩、路堤 | 机动车道 | 机动车道 | ||
| 管理规范 | 行业规范 | 各州PDD法规 + 许可证制度 | 机动车法规+许可证制度 | 依据机动车法规管理 | ||
| 装载质量/kg | ≤ 600 | ≤ 36 | ≤ 190 | ≤ 10 | ||
| 整车尺寸/(m × m × m) | ≤ 3.0 × 1.2 × 1.9 | ≤ 1.06 × 8.12 × 1.82 | ≤ 2.74 × 1.1 × 1.86 | — | ||
| 最高车速/(km·h-1) | ≤ 15 | ≤ 11 | ≤ 40 | ≤ 25 | ||
| 行驶监管 | 现场或远程操作人员时刻监管 | 前期为现场监管,后期为操作员持驾驶执照远程监控和操作 | 前期为现场监管,后期为操作员持驾驶执照远程监控和操作 | |||
| 事故判定 | 交管部门判定 | 车辆购买保险 | 运营方 | |||
| 信息安全 | 符合现行国家和行业标准 | 数据及摄像头记录保护个人身份信息(白名单) | — | |||
Table 3
Calibration of important parameters for autonomous delivery vehicles in VISSIM"
| 参数标定内容 | VISSIM内部参数借鉴对象 | 无人配送车自定义参数 |
|---|---|---|
| 车辆类型 | 小汽车 | 无人配送车 |
| 车辆模型 | 小汽车 | 长度、车轴、前离合器、前车轴、后车轴、后离合器 |
| 期望速度分布 | — | 无人配送车期望速度 |
| 车辆加/减速函数 | — | 最大加速度、期望加速度、最大减速度、期望减速度 |
| 质量分布曲线 | — | 空载质量、满载质量 |
| 功率分布 | — | 无人配送车功率分布 |
| 颜色分布 | — | 无人配送车颜色 |
| 驾驶行为参数 | 跟驰模型 | CC0——停车间距 |
| CC1——车头时距 | ||
| CC2——跟车变量 | ||
| CC3——进入跟车状态的阈值 | ||
| CC4——跟车状态的阈值1 | ||
| CC5——跟车状态的阈值2 | ||
| CC6——车速振动 | ||
| CC7——加速度波动幅度 | ||
| CC8——停车的加速度 | ||
| CC9——80 km/h时的加速度 | ||
| 前视距离 | ||
| 后视距离 | ||
| 观察到的车辆数 | ||
| 换道参数 | 最大减速度,本车 | |
| 最大减速度,后车 | ||
| 可接受减速度,本车 | ||
| 可接受减速度,后车 | ||
| 消失的等待时间 | ||
| 最小车头间距 | ||
| 安全距离折减系数 | ||
| 协同刹车的最大减速度 |
Table 5
Statistics of researches on the evaluation of road service levels at home and abroad[41]"
| 评价方法 | 评价角度 | 文献 | 车道 | 评级指标 | 等级 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 实测法 | 用户感知 | 美国《公路能力手册》,2010年版 | 机动车道 | 平均运行速度、负荷度、平均延误 | 六级 |
| 自行车道 | 超越事件数、车道宽度 | ||||
| 人行道 | 行人占有空间、平均速度、行人流率、负荷度 | ||||
| 交通流 | CJJ 37—2012《城市道路工程设计规范》 | 自行车道 | 骑行速度、占道面积、负荷度 | 四级 | |
| 仿真法 | 交通流 | 张晋等[ | 自行车道 | 密度、平均速度 | 五级 |
| 用户感知 | Liang等[ | 自动车道 | 速度状态熵、密度 | 五级 | |
| 用户感知和交通流 | 李玉清[ | 自行车道 | 反应空间障碍物密度、剩余感知空间障碍物密度、负荷度、平均速度、车流密度 | 五级 |
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