Experimental Study on the Noise and Transmission of Automobile Door Sealing Cavity

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240023

Abstract

Abstract:

The phenomenon and mechanism of sound generation and transmission of the car door sealing system with wind excitation are complex, and its research is much less.Taking the door primary sealing cavities of the B-pillar and C-pillar and the sealing cavity of the backdoor of a SUV as the research objects, this paper extracted their structures which are equivalent to regular cavity structures. It established a small acoustic wind tunnel with a testing platform and the testing method for the cavity sound generation and transmission, and conducted experiment on the sound characteristics and influencing factors, as well as the sound transmission characteristics of different compression of sealing strips and sealing gaps for the cavities with wind excitation. The results indicate that the mechanism of whistling from the door sealing cavity (backdoor cavity) is different. At low wind speeds, it is generated by coupling resonance between self-sustained oscillation and Helmholtz resonance cavity, while at high wind speeds, it is generated by coupling resonance between self-sustained oscillation and cavity mode, and self-sustained oscillation and cavity resonance with broadband excitation are the essential reasons for other peaks in the spectrum. There are significant sound characteristic differences between B-pillar and C-pillar the cavities and the backdoor cavity due to the sealing strip. The changes in yaw angle, pitch angle, and turbulence intensity of the flow have a significant impact on the amplitude and frequency of self-excited oscillation excitation, which is one of the sources of peak noise with a bandwidth below 1 000 Hz in the car. For small sealing strips compression (such as 0~4 mm) the sound transmission may increase with the increase of compression. The research on the sound phenomenon and mechanism of small cavity in car door gaps based on cavity noise theory is missing from previous studies. The sound transmission conclusion of different compression of the sealing strip has guiding significance for the design of car door seals.

Key words: car door, sealing strip, cavity noise, sound transmission, wind tunnel test

CLC Number:

V221.3

ZHANG Binyu, WANG Yigang, YU Wuzhou, et al. Experimental Study on the Noise and Transmission of Automobile Door Sealing Cavity[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(9): 104-114.

Figures/Tables 19

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峰值阶次	峰值频率（图5）/Hz		共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
峰值阶次	50 km/h^1）	100 km/h^1）	共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
1	621	644	850	559
2	1 875	1 875	2 613	—
3	2 613	2 613	1 527	—
4	3 527	3 527	1 700	—
其它	—	—	2 125，2 263	—
	—	—	2 289，2 503	—
	—	—	2 550，2 872	—
	—	—	3 527，3 018	—
	—	—	3 253，3 400	—

峰值阶次	峰值频率（图5）/Hz		共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
峰值阶次	50 km/h^1）	100 km/h^1）	共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
1	1 136	1 347	850	1 111
2	2 214	2 191	1 548	—
3	3 738	3 738	1 700	—
4	4 253	4 253	1 793	—
其它	—	—	2 368，2 550	—
	—	—	3 079，3 400	—
	—	—	3 539，3 662	—
	—	—	3 846，3 999	—
	—	—	4 492	—

峰值阶次	峰值频率/Hz（图5）		共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
峰值阶次	50 km/h^1）	100 km/h^1）	共振频率（式（3））/Hz	赫姆霍兹共振频率（式（6））/Hz
1	457	574	850	432
2	902	972	965	—
3	1 347	1 792	1 056	—
4	1 781	1 804	1 292	—
5	1 957	1 957	1 582	—
6	2 214	2 214	1 700	—
其它	—	—	2 125，2 239	—
其它	—	—	2 282，2 289	—

空腔	压缩量/mm	泄漏间隙/mm
B柱	0，1，2，4，6	0，1，2，4
C柱	0，2，4，6	0，4
尾门	0，1，2，4，6	0，1，2，4，6

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