Process Research on Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction of Natural Nicotine from Tobacco

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230661

Abstract

Abstract:

Extracting nicotine from tobacco can achieve the resource utilization of waste tobacco. Therefore, this article conducted a single-factor experiment to investigate the effects of process conditions (extraction time, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, CO₂ flow rate, particle size of raw materials) on the yields of nicotine and tobacco extract. In addition, using nicotine extraction rate as the indicator, extraction time, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and CO₂ flow rate as factors, an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction process. The composition of the obtained tobacco extract was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that extraction temperature has the greatest impact on nicotine extraction rate, extraction time and pressure have a relatively large impact, and CO₂ flow rate has the least impact. The optimal extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature is 65 ℃, extraction pressure is 22 MPa, CO₂ flow rate is 25 L/h (based on 150.0 g of tobacco raw material), extraction time is 80 minutes, and particle size is 0.60 mm. Under the optimal conditions, the nicotine extraction rate was 97.89%, and the tobacco extract yield was 5.57%. Fourteen components were detected in the volatiles of the tobacco extract, and the main components were nicotine (52.22%), neophytadiene (10.29%), and vitamin E (6.67%). Additionally, the extract also contained phytosterols, linoleic acid, and liquidambar resin, etc. Due to high nicotine content, the extract can be used as a good raw material for nicotine purification in later stages.

Key words: nicotine, supercritical fluid, extraction, orthogonal experiment

CLC Number:

TQ028

ZHANG Huiping, TANG Qianru, YAN Ying. Process Research on Supercritical CO₂ Fluid Extraction of Natural Nicotine from Tobacco[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(7): 81-87.

Figures/Tables 9

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编号	A	B	C	D	烟碱提取率/%	浸膏萃取率/%
1	55	20	20	40	29.21±1.71	2.52±0.11
2	55	22	25	60	75.35±2.35	3.82±0.21
3	55	24	30	80	43.64±2.14	3.23±0.23
4	60	20	25	80	71.08±2.18	4.91±0.14
5	60	22	30	40	43.48±1.98	3.20±0.15
6	60	24	20	60	34.55±2.45	3.18±0.18
7	65	20	30	60	80.93±1.93	5.00±0.15
8	65	22	20	80	90.95±2.05	5.53±0.12
9	65	24	25	40	57.80±1.90	5.51±0.18
k₁	49.40	60.40	51.57	43.49
k₂	49.70	69.93	68.08	63.61
k₃	76.56	45.33	56.01	68.56
R	27.16	24.60	16.51	25.06

序号	保留时间/min	名称	相对含量/%
1	9.292	烟碱	52.22
2	12.421	（1’s，2’s）-烟碱-N’-氧化物	1.16
3	20.595	新植二烯	10.29
4	23.215	棕榈酸	4.88
5	26.382	亚油酸	5.28
6	26.948	正三十七醇	1.33
7	27.553	（2E，6E，11Z）-3，7，13-三甲基-10-（2-丙基）-2，6，11-环十四碳三烯-1，13-二醇	5.00
8	43.658	3-甲基二十九烷	1.02
9	44.913	正二十七烷	1.64
10	45.415	维生素E	6.67
11	46.361	菜油甾醇	3.13
12	46.670	豆甾醇	2.98
13	47.481	β-谷甾醇	1.88
14	47.951	枫香脂	2.51

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Process Research on Supercritical CO₂ Fluid Extraction of Natural Nicotine from Tobacco

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References 21

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水平	因素
水平	萃取温度（A）/℃	萃取压力（B）/MPa	CO₂流量（C）/（L·h^-1）	萃取时间（D）/min
1	55	20	20	40
2	60	22	25	60
3	65	24	30	80