表面微功能结构铝板传热性能研究

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电子产品微型化、轻薄化、低成本的发展需求，给散热模组的设计制造带来极大挑战。为解决轻薄型高性能路由器以及小型电子器件散热难题，在光滑铝板散热器基础上设计了6种具有表面微功能结构的铝板散热器，并根据新设计的铝板散热器搭建实验测试平台，分别在自然对流和微对流工况下，对比分析所设计的6种新型铝板散热器相对于光滑铝板散热器散热性能的提升效果。结果表明：自然对流工况下，热源功率在3.0~6.0 W时，方形针翅式铝板散热性能最优，相比于光滑表面铝板，平均努塞尔数提高约18%，传热系数与传热面积乘积提高约17%，热源温度降低约2.0 K；圆形针翅式铝板相较于光滑表面铝板，平均努塞尔数提高7%，传热系数与传热面积乘积提高约5%，热源降低约1.3 K；表面处理后，喷砂型方形针翅式铝板可使热源温度降低2.0~3.9 K，纳米碳层方形针翅式铝板可使热源温度降低5.3~8.6 K；喷砂型圆形针翅式铝板可使热源温度降低1.9~2.5 K，纳米碳层圆形针翅式铝板可使热源温度降低4.9~7.7 K。在风速2 m/s微对流工况下，圆形针翅式铝板散热性能最优，相比于光滑表面铝板，平均努塞尔数提高约8%，热源在6.0 W时温度可降低3.6 K，热阻降低18%；方形针翅式铝板，相比于光滑表面铝板，平均努塞尔数提高约6%，热源在6.0 W时温度可降低2.4 K，热阻降低11%。热源功率越高，具有表面微功能结构铝板相较于光滑表面铝板散热性能越好。

关键词: 表面微功能结构, 散热器, 对流换热, 辐射换热

Abstract:

The development needs of miniaturization, lightness and low cost of electronic products have posed significant challenges to the design and manufacture of heat dissipation modules. In order to solve the heat dissipation pro-blem of thin high-performance routers and small electronic devices, 6 kinds of aluminum plate radiators with surface micro-functional structures were designed on the basis of smooth aluminum plate radiators. According to the newly designed aluminum plate radiators, an experimental test platform was built. Under the conditions of natural convection and micro-convection, the heat dissipation performance of the 6 new aluminum plate radiators was compared with that of the smooth aluminum plate radiators. The results show that under the condition of natural convection, when the heat source power is 3.0~6.0 W, the heat dissipation performance of the square pin-fin aluminum plate is the best. Compared with the smooth surface aluminum plate, the average Nusselt number is increased by about 18%, the product of heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area is increased by about 17%, and the heat source temperature is reduced by about 2.0 K. Compared with smooth surface aluminum plate, the average Nusselt number of round pin-fin aluminum plate increases by 7%, the product of heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area increases by about 5%, and the heat source decreases by about 1.3 K. After surface treatment, the sandblasted square pin-fin aluminum plate can reduce the heat source temperature by 2.0~3.9 K, and the nano-carbon square pin-fin aluminum plate can reduce the heat source temperature by 5.3~8.6 K. The sandblasted round pin-fin aluminum plate can reduce the heat source temperature by 1.9~2.5 K, and the nano-carbon round pin-fin aluminum plate can reduce the heat source temperature by 4.9~7.7 K. Under the micro-convection condition of wind speed of 2 m/s, the round pin-fin aluminum plate has the best heat dissipation performance. Compared with the smooth surface aluminum plate, the average Nusselt number is increased by about 8%, the temperature of the heat source is reduced by 3.6 K at 6 W, and the thermal resistance is reduced by 18%. Compared with the smooth surface aluminum plate, the average Nusselt number of the square pin-fin aluminum plate is increased by about 6%, the temperature of the heat source can be reduced by 2.4 K at 6 W, and the thermal resistance is reduced by 11%. The higher the heat source power, the better the heat dissipation performance of the aluminum plate with surface micro-functional structure compared with the smooth surface aluminum plate.

Key words: surface micro-functional structure, heat sink, convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer

中图分类号:

TK124

李勇, 王慧攀, 何嘉斌, 江克俊, 陈昕宇. 表面微功能结构铝板传热性能研究[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 53(4): 61-71.

LI Yong, WANG Huipan, HE Jiabin, JIANG Kejun, CHEN Xinyu. Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Aluminum Plates with Different Surface Micro-Functional Structures[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(4): 61-71.

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项目	型号	参数
加热棒		额定电压：30 V 额定功率：120 W
绝热电木		导热系数：0.023 W/（m·K）
笔记本电脑	惠普
程控电源	HSPY-30-05	电压精度：0.1% 电流精度：0.5%
K型热电偶		精度：±0.5 K
温度采集卡	NI 9213
静音风机	DV-25NS1C
导热硅脂	S606C	导热系数：5 W/（m·K）

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