华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 131-144.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240228
丁宏钰1,2, 石照耀3, 张攀3, 付春江4
收稿日期:2024-05-09
出版日期:2025-10-25
发布日期:2025-05-30
通信作者:
石照耀(1964—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事精密测试技术和仪器、齿轮工程与精密减速器研究。
E-mail:hyding2004@163.com;shizhaoyao@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介:丁宏钰(1979 —),男,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事精密减速器、机器人关节、机器人构型研究。E-mail:hyding2004@163.com
基金资助:DING Hongyu1,2, SHI Zhaoyao3, ZHANG Pan3, FU Chunjiang4
Received:2024-05-09
Online:2025-10-25
Published:2025-05-30
Contact:
石照耀(1964—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事精密测试技术和仪器、齿轮工程与精密减速器研究。
E-mail:hyding2004@163.com;shizhaoyao@bjut.edu.cn
About author:丁宏钰(1979 —),男,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要从事精密减速器、机器人关节、机器人构型研究。E-mail:hyding2004@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
人形机器人的运动性能还没有全面达到人类的水平,是影响其大规模产业化应用的因素之一,这不仅是由于控制算法的限制,也受到机械结构设计的制约,尤其是腿部构型在很大程度上决定了机器人的动态平衡性、负载能力和能源效率。为此,该文研究了国内外人形机器人腿部构型的起源与发展历程。目前,人形机器人的腿部构型主要分为串联、并联和串并联3种形式,其结构特性直接影响运动表现。该文分析了串联、并联和串并联构型,并比较其性能特点:串联构型工作空间大,灵活性高,但由于关节传动链较长,刚度相对较低,影响承载能力;并联构型刚度高,动态响应快,但运动范围受限;串并联构型则结合了前两者的优势,具有较好的刚度和灵活性,近年来逐渐成为研究热点之一。讨论了腿部构型研究的技术难点、热点,指出了发展趋势:腿部从采用单一串联构型向使用并联和串并联构型方向发展;腿部驱动器由刚性驱动器向弹性和准直驱驱动器方向发展;腿部采用旋转驱动器向旋转和直线驱动器并用方向发展;控制方面由位置控制向力矩控制和力位混合控制方向发展。
中图分类号:
丁宏钰, 石照耀, 张攀, 付春江. 人形机器人腿部构型研究的历史、现状与展望[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 53(10): 131-144.
DING Hongyu, SHI Zhaoyao, ZHANG Pan, FU Chunjiang. History, Present Situation and Prospect of Research on Leg Configuration of Humanoid Robot[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(10): 131-144.
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