华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 118-130.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240505

• 机械传动系统 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于混合润滑分析的RV减速器磨损模型

倪文成1, 李林凌1, 赵志军1, 吴琼1, 李俊阳2,3, 程功4   

  1. 1.北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京 100094
    2.重庆大学 机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400044
    3.重庆大学 高端装备 机械传动全国重点实验室,重庆 400044
    4.重庆工业职业技术大学 机械工程学院,重庆 401120
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通信作者: 李俊阳(1982—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事精密减速器设计与可靠性评估研究。 E-mail:junyangli@cqu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:倪文成(1988—),男,博士,主要从事航空航天关键传动零件的设计制造研究。E-mail:niwencheng1988@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金-航天先进制造技术研究联合基金项目(U2037602)

Wear Model of RV Reducer Based on Mixed Lubrication Analysis

NI Wencheng1, LI Linling1, ZHAO Zhijun1, WU Qiong1, LI Junyang2,3, CHENG Gong4   

  1. 1.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China
    2.College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission for Advanced Equipment,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
    4.School of Mechanical Engineering,Chongqing Industry Polytechnic University,Chongqing 401120,China
  • Received:2024-10-12 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: 李俊阳(1982—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事精密减速器设计与可靠性评估研究。 E-mail:junyangli@cqu.edu.cn
  • About author:倪文成(1988—),男,博士,主要从事航空航天关键传动零件的设计制造研究。E-mail:niwencheng1988@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund for Aerospace Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research(U2037602)

摘要:

旋转矢量减速器(RV减速器)相比传统的行星减速器和谐波减速器,具有更高的功率密度,广泛应用于航空航天特种装备、工业机器人、高端数控机床等领域。但在特殊极端环境下,尤其是在高低温、重载高速等服役环境下,RV减速器中的部件对加工精度要求极高,微米级的误差就会使加载条件下的多齿啮合转变为多齿干涉,进而影响各零部件的润滑,最终造成磨损失效。然而目前针对特殊极端工况下RV减速器磨损行为的研究还存在不足,未建立有效的磨损预测模型。结合摩擦学理论和啮合原理,首先开展主要零部件的运动分析和受力分析获得摩擦副的接触几何、速度和载荷,然后将宏观接触几何、微观表面形貌、速度与载荷纳入雷诺方程与膜厚方程,建立RV减速器零部件混合润滑分析模型。在此基础上针对不同零件,求解混合润滑模型获得零件接触界面膜厚,从而确定摆线针轮和滚针轴承在RV减速器零部件中的润滑状态最差,是最可能磨损失效的薄弱环节。基于混合润滑模型建立RV减速器磨损模型,以磨损失效薄弱环节零件磨损失效作为减速器磨损失效标准,最后开展等效摩擦磨损试验,利用试验数据对磨损模型进行校准。最终建立的磨损模型可实现特殊极端工况条件下RV减速器磨损的预测,为其服役性能的提升提供理论支撑。

关键词: RV减速器, 摆线针轮, 滚针轴承, 混合润滑, 磨损模型

Abstract:

Compared with traditional planetary gear reducers and harmonic drive reducers, the rotary vector (RV) reducer features higher power density and is widely used in fields such as aerospace and aviation special equipment, industrial robots, high-end CNC machine tools, etc. However, in special and extreme environments, particularly under severe operating conditions involving high/low temperatures, heavy loads, and high speeds, the components within RV reducers demand exceptionally high machining precision. Micron-level errors can cause multi-tooth meshing under load to evolve into multi-tooth interference. This compromises lubrication between components, ultimately leading to wear-induced failure. However, current research on the wear behavior of RV reducers under special extreme working conditions remains inadequate, and no effective wear prediction model has been established. Based on tribology theory and gear meshing principles, this study first conducted kinematic and force analyses of key components to determine the contact geometry, velocities, and loads of tribo-pairs. Subsequently, macroscopic contact geometry, microscopic surface topography, velocities, and loads were incorporated into the Reynolds equation and film thickness equation to establish a mixed lubrication analysis model for RV reducer components. Based on this, it solved the hybrid lubrication model for different components to obtain the interfacial film thickness of parts, thereby determining that the cycloidal-pin wheel and needle bearing exhibit the poorest lubrication state among RV reducer components and represent the most vulnerable weak links prone to wear failure. Using wear failure of these vulnerable components as the reducer’s wear failure criterion, an RV reducer wear model based on the hybrid lubrication model was established. Finally, equivalent friction-wear experiments were conducted to calibrate the wear model using experimental data. The ultimately established wear model enables prediction of RV reducer wear under special extreme working conditions, providing theoretical support for enhancing its service performance.

Key words: RV reducer, cycloidal-pin wheel, needle bearing, mixed lubrication, wear model

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