Table of Content

25 March 2023, Volume 51 Issue 3

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2023, 51(3):  0. 

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Energy，Power & Electrical Engineering

Analysis of Transient and Steady-State Characteristics of Fractional-Order Cuk Converter



CHEN Yanfeng, CHEN Sheng, ZHANG Bo, et al

2023, 51(3):  1-12.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220161

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This paper established the nonlinear equivalent circuit model and nonlinear mathematical model of the fractional-order Cuk converter operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), and obtained the equivalent mathematical model by using the equivalent small parameter (ESP) symbolic analysis method. Then, based on the principle of harmonic balance, it iteratively obtained the transient and steady-state approximate periodic solutions of the transients and steady-state variables of the transformer state variables. Furthermore, it analyzed the influence of fractional inductance and capacitance on the DC operating point and periodic declosing orbit and ripple component of the state variable, and the accuracy of the transient solution and steady-state solution of the state variable obtained by the proposed method was verified by simulation. Finally, an experimental verification was carried out on a fractional-order Cuk converter with an inductor and capacitor order of 0.9. The settling times of the state variables (output voltage and inductor current) obtained by the experiment and the method are 1.56 ms and 1.52 ms, the average output voltage is 2.110 V and 2.959 V, the peak ripple voltage is 96 mV and 109 mV, the average inductor current is 0.112 A and 0.148 A, and the peak ripple current is 52 mA and 59 mA, respectively. It can be seen that for the transient and steady-state characteristics of state variables, the results obtained in the method and experiments are relatively close. The study further verified the effectiveness of the method and the accuracy of the transient and steady-state solutions of the obtained state variables. The steady-state period solution of the fractional-order converter obtained in this method is related to the order of the fractional energy storage element, so it can be used to analyze the influence of fractional-order on circuit characteristics. In addition, the stability of the converter system can also be analyzed according to obtained analytical expression of obtained steady-state solution.

Performance Analysis of Integrated Micro-Channel Heat Exchanger



GAN Yunhua, LIU Runxi, YUAN Hui, et al

2023, 51(3):  13-21.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220389

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In order to improve the performance of the integrated micro-channel heat exchanger, this study established the steady-state heat transfer model of an integrated micro-channel heat exchanger, and studied the influence law of the structural parameters and operation parameters on it. The integrated micro-channel heat exchanger used R245fa as working medium. It studied the effects of heat exchanger and heat exchanger heat pipe spacing on the total thermal resistance and air-side pressure drop of the system by using the model, which was verified by experiments previously. The results show that when the evaporation section air volume of the integrated micro-channel heat exchanger is 0.41 m³/s, condensing section air volume is 0.21 m³/s and the total thermal resistance of the heat exchanger system is 0.038 0 m²·K/W. With the increase of circulating air volume in the condensing section and the evaporation section, the air-side pressure drop of the micro-channel heat exchanger increases, and the total thermal resistance decreases. The downtrend of the total thermal resistance of the micro-channel heat exchanger decreases gradually with the increase of air volume. In scope of this research, it is concluded that the appropriate air volume in the evaporation section is 0.45 m³/s, and that in the condensation section is 0.69 m³/s. With the increase of the integrated micro-channel heat exchanger heat pipe spacing, the total thermal resistance of the micro-channel heat exchanger increases, and the air-side pressure drop of the micro-channel heat exchanger decreases in the evaporation section. When the heat exchanger heat pipe spacing is 6 mm, the comprehensive performance of the integrated micro-channel heat exchanger is the best. The research results provide a reference for the design of cooling equipment for communication base stations and the optimization of the structure and control parameters of the micro-channel heat exchanger.

Numerical Analysis with Thermal-Magnetic-Fluid Coupling on Enhanced Heat Transfer for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger



XIE Zhihui, LIU Hanyu, WU Jiechang, et al

2023, 51(3):  22-32.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220232

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This paper used Fe₃O₄/water magnetic nanofluid and magnetic field to improve the convective heat transfer performance of shell side of shell and tube heat exchanger. Through three-dimensional numerical simulation, this paper analyzed the effects of magnetic nanofluid volume fraction, flow rate and magnetic induction intensity on the convective heat transfer performance of shell and tube heat exchanger. The results show that the heat transfer rate and strengthening effect of the heat exchanger can be improved due to the thermal conductivity and Brownian motion of the nanoparticles, but when the volume fraction is greater than 1%, the improvement will gradually decrease and the efficiency evaluation coefficient will also decrease. Compared with other performance enhancement techniques, the effect of magnetic field on magnetic nanofluid can significantly improve the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger with little increase in pressure drop. Compared with the condition without magnetic nanofluid and magnetic field, the heat transfer rate can be increased by up to 68.2%, while the pressure drop only increases by 13.8%. Compared with the condition with magnetic nanofluid but without magnetic field, the heat transfer rate can be increased by up to 46.7% and the pressure drop only increases by 1.96%. The high thermal conductivity of magnetic nanoparticles and Brownian motion effect, as well as the inner to outer swirling flow driven by magnetic nanofluids under the action of vertical uniform magnetic field, aggravate the disturbance of thermal boundary layer and the mixing of hot and cold fluids, and this is the main reason for the increase of convective heat transfer performance. And the greater the magnetic induction intensity is, the lower the fluid flow rate is, and the more significant the influence of the magnetic field on the fluid is.

Coupling Mechanism of High-Temperature Evaporation of Multi-Component Fuel Droplets



MEI Deqing, YU Yue, GAO Yaping, et al

2023, 51(3):  33-40.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220206

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This study took a multi-component composed of high volatility ethanol and low volatility hydrogenated biodiesel and diesel as the research object and investigated the internal vapor bubble dynamics and evaporation characteristics of the individual droplet at high temperatures. The evaporation characteristics of droplet normalized square diameter and droplet lifetime of the blends of hydrogenated biodiesel, ethanol, and diesel were captured by means of the hanging droplet method and high-speed microscopic imaging in a constant temperature heating furnace. The results show that at 773 K, the evaporation is smooth and the droplet volume decreases uniformly. However, at 973 K, tiny bubbles start to form inside the droplet at 0.093 s and gradually increase in size. Tiny bubbles were formed again at 0.767 s and the second rupture occurs at 0.907 s. The rise in ambient temperature contributes to increasing the evaporation rate of fuel droplets and intensifies the micro explosion during evaporation and shortens the evaporation of droplets to a certain extent; the growth of bubbles inside the droplet during evaporation is related to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the vapor-liquid interface, and surface tension phenomenon is observed on the surface of droplets. Compared to diesel, the inhibition effect of evaporation is stronger with the increase of hydrogenated biodiesel in binary fuels and compared with binary fuels, ethanol in ternary fuels promotes micro explosions and shortens droplet evaporation. The droplet evaporation of the ternary fuel shows three typical characteristic stages in the order of ethanol domination, ethanol and diesel co-domination and co-evaporation of all three.

Optimization of Body Profile Line of Axial Flow Control Valve Based on Surrogate Model



LI Shuxun, HU Yinggang, LI Cheng, et al

2023, 51(3):  41-52.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220306

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Aiming at the problems of long optimization cycle and mechanical repetition of the optimization process for large-diameter natural gas pipeline valves at home and abroad, this paper proposed a method for optimizing the profile of axial flow control valves using Kriging surrogate model combined with NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm. Taking the DN600 axial flow regulating valve as the research object, after preliminary evaluation of its performance by Fluent and ANSYS software, it selected the flow value, maximum stress level and maximum deformation as the optimization goals. First, the B-spline curve was used to analyze the valve body type. By changing the coordinates of the control points, the parameterization of the valve body profile could be realized, and the automatic modeling of the valve body profile could be realized. The Latin hypercube sampling method was used to design 100 types of profiles, and the structural optimization sample library was obtained through numerical simulation. Kriging surrogate model for an axial flow control valve was established. Then, the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was used to optimize the surrogate model to obtain the Pareto front solution set, and the optimal profile was determined by studying the front solutions of the three profiles and the velocity and pressure variation curves of the horizontal section inside the initial profile. The opening-resistance characteristics, flow-resistance characteristics and internal flow of the pipeline behind the valve were studied before and after optimization. The research results show that the optimized profile flow value increased by 9.2%, the maximum stress level decreased by 8.46%, and the maximum deformation is reduced by 6.2%, the fluid resistance is reduced after optimization, and the influence distance of high-speed flow in the pipeline after optimization is reduced. The performance improvement of the optimized profile proves the effectiveness of the profile optimization method and reveals the potential of the method in the field of valve profile structure optimization.

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

Preparation and Electrodialysis Desalination Behavior of DABCO-Me Series-Connected Di-cation AEMs



LI Xiuhua, CHEN Yawen, ZOU Zilong, et al

2023, 51(3):  53-62.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220184

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In order to investigate the effect of functionality of methyl modified 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-1,4-diaminium di-cation ionomer on its electrodialysis desalination behavior of the tailored anion exchange membranes (AEM), this paper designed and prepared a series of the series-connected di-cation ionomers with different ion exchange capacities (IEC) of methyl modified 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-1,4-diaminium. The chemical structure, thermal stability, mechanical properties, basic properties and electrodialysis desalination properties of the prepared membranes were systematically characterized. The results show that the chemical structures of the ionomers fit the designing, and the thermal stability, mechanical properties and basic properties of the prepared membranes meet the requirements of electrodialysis desalination process. It is found that the electrodialysis desalination performance of the kind of membrane is improved with the increase of IEC. QPPO-0.20 membrane with the highest IEC has a desalination efficiency of 86.79%, salt flux of 81.39 mg/(m²·s) and energy consumption of 2.35 kW·h/kg. All of the electrodialysis parameters are better than those of the commercial membrane AMX. QPPO-0.20 is promising in the field of electrodialysis desalination.

Electrochemical Performance of Rb-Doped Na_1.25V₃O₈ Nanorods as Cathode for Zinc-Ion Batteries



ZHAO Yanming, LIAO Jinhui

2023, 51(3):  63-73.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220326

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In order to know whether there is space for the improvement of the electrochemical performance of Na_1.25V₃O₈ as cathode for zinc-ion batteries, this study successfully synthesized pure Na_1.25V₃O₈ and Rb⁺ ion doped Na_1.25V₃O₈ nanorods through hydrothermal method and solid phase method. With the help of XRD patterns, the diffraction peak shifts to a low angle and no new diffraction peak is generated with the increase of rubidium content, indicating that the Na_1.25Rb _x V₃O₈ sample is pure phase and maintain the structural symmetry of P21/m space group. This result indicate that rubidium ions have successfully entered the interlayer of Na_1.25Rb _x V₃O₈ layered compound. The results of SEM images and TEM images analysis show that, with the insertion of Rb⁺, scale of Na_1.25V₃O₈ nanorods become thicker and larger, which would reduce the specific surface and lead to the increase of impedance and reducing the ion diffusion coefficients, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. EIS and GITT results further confirm that the insertion of Rb⁺ will lead to the decrease in capacity. Electrochemical testing results show that bare Na_1.25V₃O₈ nanorods exhibit about 370 mA·h/g initial capacity, but it decreases fast with the increasing times of charge and discharge circle. After 100 cycles of discharge and charge processes at current density of 100 mA/g, discharge capacity decays about 50% compared to initial capacity. Although the specific capacity of Rb+-doped nanorods is reduced, their cycle stability and rate performance are significantly improved. When the amount of doped Rb is 1%, the initial capacity is 336 mA·h/g, but after 100 cycles of discharge and charge processes under the same conditions, the discharge capacity only decays about 6% compared to initial discharge capacity. When the amount of Rb increases to 5%, the initial capacity is merely 217 mA·h/g, but no capacity lost compared to initial capacity. The mechanism of zinc ion storage was analyzed through in-situ XRD and ex-situ XPS. The redox reaction mechanism of Na_1.25Rb _x V₃O₈ cathode material in the ZIBs is mainly based on chemical conversion reaction, in which only the charging reaction process is reversible.

Analysis of Adsorption Performance of 13X Molecular Sieve for Low Concentration C₃F₈



YUAN Wenhui, YE Zhaochun, LI Li, et al

2023, 51(3):  74-82.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220118

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The presence of perfluoropropane (C₃F₈) in the electronics industry will affect the arcing and insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas, it is necessary to separate C₃F₈. However, at present, C₃F₈ of low concentration can not be removed through cryoscopic separation method, and the research reports about using adsorption separation method for the adsorption of C₃F₈ are still few. This paper used the commercial 13X molecular sieve for adsorption of low concentration C₃F₈. As well, it simulated the industrial fisxed bed adsorption experiment and measured the dynamic adsorption performance of C₃F₈ on 13X molecular sieve. The breakthrough curve of commercial 13X molecular sieve for low concentration of C₃F₈ (ppm) was studied with the change of inlet flow rate, inlet C₃F₈ mass concentration and adsorption temperature, and the influence degree of each factor was analyzed. The adsorption equilibrium model and kinetic model were fitted by adsorption transmission curve to analyze the adsorption behavior and mechanism of 13X molecular sieve for low concentration of C₃F₈. The results show that the influence of these three factors orders as follows: inlet gas mass concentration > temperature > inlet flow rate. The adsorption equilibrium model accords with the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, and the kinetic adsorption model accords with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. When the temperature is 30 ℃, the inlet flow rate is 1.2 L/min, the pressure is 0.12 MPa, and the mass concentration of C₃F₈ gas is 459 mg/L (ppm), the dynamic adsorption of C₃F₈ by 13X molecular sieve can reach 5.428 mmol/g, which provides data reference for the industrial adsorption process of C₃F₈.

Dissociation Behavior of Polyacrylic Acid in Aqueous Solution

LI Wenbo, DU Xiaoxiao

2023, 51(3):  83-90.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220385

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In order to study the dissociation behavior of polyacrylic acid (PAAH) with different molecular weight in aqueous solution as well as the difference between the dissociation behavior of polyelectrolyte (polyacrylic acid) and small molecular weak electrolyte (acrylic acid (AAH) and acetic acid (HAc)), this paper prepared polyacrylic acid with polymerization degree in the range of 300~2 000 by precipitation polymerization method. The pH value of polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid and acetic acid aqueous solution was measured by pH meter to determine the dissociation behavior of electrolyte. Then from the thermodynamic point of view and Flory-Huggins lattice model, the paper derived the dissociation equilibrium equation of electrolyte in the dissociation process. The results show that the dissociation behavior of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution is independent of the degree of polymerization. By simplifying the dissociation equilibrium equation, the calculation formula of the traditional equilibrium constant K_α was obtained and given its exact physical meaning: the relative strength parameter of the interaction energy of the dissociation hydration effect of electrolyte aqueous solution in the dissociation process. By substituting the data into the dissociation equilibrium equation, it is found that there are two kinds of molar ionization hydration energies ∆Es in polyelectrolyte and small molecule weak electrolyte, in the low concentration region and the high concentration region, respectively. This is the reason why acrylic acid, acetic acid and polyacrylic acid deviate from the traditional equilibrium constant K_α theoretical line in the low concentration region.

Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology

Rate Adaptation in Multiple Access Based on DS-UsWB Body Communication



LIU Jiaojiao, CHEN Ayue, MA Biyun

2023, 51(3):  91-97.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220295

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Body Area Network (BAN) is an important component for remote healthcare and health monitoring, and existing research often utilizes electromagnetic wave transmission for data transfer within the network. In contrast, ultrasound wave propagation in human soft tissue experiences less attenuation and generates less heat. Compared to electromagnetic wave transmission, ultrasound-based communication and networking within the human body have certain advantages, such as longer transmission distances and lower risks of inducing pathogenic effects. The existing ultrasonic wideband communication technology often uses ultra-short pulse to reduce path overlapping and the resulting interference. Besides, the multiple access through channel sharing can be realized by combining direct sequence spread spectrum. However, the interference caused by the increase of communication number reduces the received signal-to-noise ratio. Communication reliability can not be guaranteed with the fixed frame length and code length. In this paper, the adaptive rate adjustment of multiple access was modeled mathematically and the implementation methods based on competition and cooperation were studied. Then the close form solution was derived with the Lagrange multiplier method in convex optimization theory, with which the frame length and code length were dynamically changed to realize rate adjustment. Simulation results show that those methods can adapt to the changes of communication links and the resulting interference; the cooperative method based on bargaining game theory can obtain better network performance by balancing the communication rate of different access nodes; the competition scheme based on the maximum rate is helpful to improve the effective communication rate of the target communication link. In practical application, scheme should be selected according to the application scenario.

Thermal Fatigue Simulation and Reliability Analysis of High Density CCGA



WANG Xiaoqiang, LI Bin, DENG Chuanjin, et al

2023, 51(3):  98-109.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220324

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With the characteristics of excellent electrothermal performance and high-density signal interconnection, ceramic column grid array (CCGA) packaging is the first choice in highly reliable applications such as aerospace.When the pin exceeds 1 000, due to the packaging form and the characteristics of the material itself, high-density CCGA is more likely to fail in the environment of temperature change.The paper carried out temperature cycling test for CCGA1144 structure, and studied the stress distribution, variation law, failure cause and mode of welding column through microstructure observation and finite element simulation under the temperature cycling condition of -55~125 ℃. The results show that the variation range of total deformation, equivalent stress, equivalent elastic strain and plastic strain of outer ring welding column is larger than that of inner ring welding column in the process of temperature cycle, and it is more prone to failure, especially the edge welding column of outer ring. The paper identified the weakness of welding column in the thermal fatigue test and pointed out that the two sections of 0.15~0.60 mm and 2.17~2.43 mm are the dangerous areas of crack and fracture failure, and the latter section is more prone to crack and fracture. It put forward three failure modes of thermal fatigue of welding column, and pointed out that the welding column was damaged under the joint action of fatigue mechanism and creep mechanism. Suggestions on the direction of reinforcement and optimization design were given.The research results have guiding significance and reference value for the quality improvement, development and application of high-density CCGA.

Transmit Power Minimization Algorithms for IRS-Assisted Cognitive Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Networks



ZHANG Guangchi, LE Wenying, PANG Haijian, et al

2023, 51(3):  110-123.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220308

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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and cognitive simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) are regarded as potential key technologies to improve energy efficiency and spectrum utilization of wireless communication systems. This paper studied the IRS-aided cognitive SWIPT network based on a nonlinear energy harvesting model. In the network, a secondary transmitter simultaneously transmits information and energy to multiple secondary receivers, and each secondary receiver adopts the power splitting scheme to realize information decoding and energy harvesting. The aim is to minimize the transmit power of the secondary user transmitter by jointly optimizing the beamforming vector of the secondary transmitter, the power splitting coefficients of the secondary receivers, and the phase shifts of the IRS. In order to guarantee the information and energy transmission efficiency of the secondary users and limit the co-channel interference from the secondary users to the primary users, it is considered that the secondary receivers have the constraints of the minimum received signal-to-interference noise ratio, the minimum energy harvesting amount, and the values of power splitting coefficients, the secondary transmitter has the constraints of the maximum interference power values to the primary users, and the IRS has the constraints on its reflection phase shifts. The considered optimization problem is a non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic program problem with highly coupled optimization variables, which is difficult to solve. An alternating optimization algorithm based on the semidefinite relaxation and sequential rank one constraint relaxation techniques was proposed to solve the problem efficiently. In order to reduce the computation complexity, a low-complexity optimization algorithm based on IRS element grouping was further proposed. Simulation results show that compared to several benchmark algorithms, the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce the transmit power of the secondary transmitter.

Control Strategy for Neutral Point Voltage Stability of Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole Inverter



WANG Xiaohong, HUANG Shan, ZHOU Xindong

2023, 51(3):  124-132.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220496

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Auxiliary resonant transform pole inverter (ARCP) has the advantages of high efficiency and low loss in high frequency and high power field. However, in practical application, the problem of neutral point voltage deviation will lead to the increase of failure rate of ARCP soft switch. In this paper, a neutral point voltage active disturbance rejection control strategy was proposed to solve the problem of neutral point voltage deviation of ARCP bus divider capacitor and the failure of zero voltage opening of main switch tube caused by neutral point voltage deviation. The influence of bus capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) on neutral point voltage and AC side voltage was analyzed, and a neutral point voltage model including bus capacitor ESR in variable sequential control mode was established. On this basis, the neutral point voltage active disturbance rejection controller was designed and the auxiliary tube was used to control the overcharge regulation time, which realize the current balance of the three-phase auxiliary branch resonant inductor, achieving the goal of neutral point voltage stability, zero voltage opening of the main switching tube and improving the efficiency of the inverter. Compared with 97.0% inverter efficiency in PI control mode, active disturbance rejection control mode can achieve 97.5% inverter efficiency at maximum power. The control strategy is easy to implement as it doesn’t need to change the circuit structure. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified by simulation and experimental results.

Self-Reset Particle Filter Method Optimized Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm



WEN Shangsheng, QIU Zhiqiang, XU Hanming, et al

2023, 51(3):  133-145.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220368

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As a commonly used non-Gaussian nonlinear filtering method, particle filter has been successfully applied in various engineering fields. However, the traditional resampling method leads to the problem of particle depletion, which seriously reduces the accuracy and robustness of the filter estimation. This paper proposed a self-reset particle filter method that combines tracking failure detection and enhanced differential evolution optimization. Firstly, the filter estimation value is preliminarily checked by the tracking failure identification method, and the optimization strategy is not enabled during normal tracking, and the algorithm performance is consistent with the standard particle filter. When the tracking fails, the particle set is reset by differential optimization. During the reset process, the upper and lower bounds of particle confidence interval are set to prevent the particles from being over-concentrated, and the multiple optimization of the particles is avoided by combining the test indication value to reduce the estimation time of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm inherits the advantages of standard particle filter and differential evolution particle filter through dynamic adjustment, and it effectively improves the robustness and estimation accuracy of the filter estimation. It can avoid using the optimization strategy to reduce the overall time complexity of the algorithm when the filter is successful, and enable the differential optimization strategy to self-reset when the filter fails. In addition, under the same positioning accuracy, the number of particles required by the algorithm is lower than that of standard particle filter, and the overall time consumption is lower than differential evolution particle filter, which also works well when modeling is uncertain.

Adaptive Event-Triggered Stability Control for Intermittent DoS Attacks in Industrial Cyber Physical Systems



SUN Ziwen, LIU Jialei

2023, 51(3):  146-156.  doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220084

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For industrial information physical systems (ICPS) with gap denial of service (DoS) attacks, an observer-based adaptive event-triggered stability control scheme was proposed. Firstly, an observer was constructed to estimate the unmeasured state of the system, and a new adaptive event-triggered communication scheme was adopted to save network resources. Secondly, an attack model was established based on the influence of intermittent DoS attacks on ICPS limited by frequency and duration. ICPS subjected to DoS attacks was divided into active DoS attack system and dormant DoS attack system, and the current attacked states were reconstructed by some successful trigger states. An attack compensation mechanism based on dynamic estimator was proposed to ensure the asymptotic stability of the system during active DoS attacks. Finally, the piecewise Lyapunov functional method, Jensen’s inequality and Schur’s complement lemma were used to obtain the stability conditions of the system. On this basis, a cooperative design scheme of adaptive event triggering parameters, observer gain and controller gain was proposed. The intermittent reactor system was used to simulate the stability of ICPS based on adaptive event triggering under intermittent DoS attack. The simulation results show that the adaptive event triggering strategy and the compensation mechanism based on the dynamic estimator can not only improve the stability of the system, but also effectively reduce the number of data transmission. The times of the system triggered by the static event triggering policy is about 4.5 times that of the system triggered by the adaptive event triggering policy.