Table of Content

25 June 2018, Volume 46 Issue 6

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Traffic & Transportation Engineering

Quantitative Estimation on the Safety Effect of Traffic Composition on Freeways

 

WEN Huiying SUN Jiaren ZENG Qiang ZHANG Xuan

2018, 46(6):  1-7.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.001

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To analyze the impact of traffic composition on freeway safety deeply， the roadway， traffic and crash data on Kaiyang Freeway in Guangdong Province in 2014 were collected． The vehicles were classified into five categories according to the toll standard． A Bayesian hierarchical model and a conditional autoregressive ( CAＲ) model were developed to correlate roadwayrelated and trafficrelated attributes with crash frequency on freeway segments． Bayesian methods were used to estimate the parameters and to compare the models． The results of model comparison show that the CAＲ model，which accounts for the spatial correlation across adjacent freeway segments，outperforms the Bayesian hierarchical model． The parameter estimates in the CAＲ model suggest that there are 15. 5% and 24. 4% decreases in expected crash frequency on the freeway per 1% increase of Categories 1 ( e. g. ，automobile) and 3 ( e. g. ，medium coach and medium truck) vehicles， respectively． Moreover，crash frequency is found higher on longer freeway segments with more averaged daily traffic，bigger curvature and steeper grade．

Simulation Analysis of Dynamic Response on Fuselage of Carrier-Based Aircraft Arresting Landing

 

ZHANG Xiaoqing GAO Huafeng ZHANG Run ZHU Xiaolong HE Min LIU Xiaoming

2018, 46(6):  8-15.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.002

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 In the process of arresting the landing of a carrier-based aircraft， the load and the acceleration are large， but the distance and the time are short，and they are affected by the conditions of aircraft carrier movement and airflow disturbance． There is a complex strong nonlinear multidisciplinary dynamics coupling problem． This paper establishes the UAV aircraft arresting hooksimple coupled multi-body dynamics model of a certain type of aircraft according to the experimental data obtained from the quality of the car to put forward a method of applying arresting loads by taking into consideration the effect of aerodynamic load，and by using the dynamic simulation software ADAMS for carrier-based aircraft landing on the basis of the rigid flexible coupling multi-body dynamics simulation analysis． In the process of arresting，the UAV aircraft posture changed quickly into a bow movement，and then maintained a relatively stable，body vertical acceleration along the fuselage from rear to front which first decreased sharply and then increased slowly． The distribution law of the stress and strain on the fuselage was that the landing gear and the arresting hook position were larger than that of others． The simulation results showed that the method can effectively simulate the landing process of a carrier-based aircraft with strong nonlinear complex loads，which can provide a reference for the whole process of carrier-based aircraft arresting， landing and the design of fuselage structure． 

Measurement Method of the Bogie Gravity Center Based on Moment Balance Principle

 

NIU Zhihui SU Jian ZHANG Yirui LIN Huiying WANG Xiugang

2018, 46(6):  16-22.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.003

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 In order to measure the position of the gravity center of the bogie more accurately，the center-position test model based on the principle of torque balance principle is established，and the relationship between the center position of the bogie and the wheel of the bogie is analyzed． According to the principle of pendulum，the crane rocking method is established，and the relationship between the height of the bogie and the pendulum cycle is analyzed． After that，according to the principle of pendulum，the crane rocking method is established． Based on the test method of torque balance principle and the crane rocking method， the bogie center of gravity position is tested． The data obtained by the two test methods are analyzed and calculated to obtain the spatial coordinates of the bogie center of gravity position． The experimental cranerocking method results show that the relative error between the height value of the bogie and the theoretical value of the bogie test is 10. 47%，and the reproducibility of the test data is poor． On the other hand， the test result based on the torque balance principle shows that the coordinate of the bogie is basically the same as the theoretical value，and the relative error is less than 0. 5%，the test repeatability is good，which proved the accuracy and feasibility of the torque balance principle test model． 

Deterioration Mechanism of Interfacial Transition Zone of Pavement Concrete under Three-Fields Coupling

 

GUO Yinchuan LIN Senlin SHEN Aiqin LI Peng ZHOU Shengbo

2018, 46(6):  23-30.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.004

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The interfacial transition zone ( ITZ) is a weak area in the cement concrete structure． In order to obtain the deterioration behavior of the ITZ suffering the working environment in North China，coupled loading condition of fatigue load， freezethaw cycles and dry-wet was conducted to simulate the working condition of pavement concrete． Digital image processing technology was used to extract and analyze the structure of pavement concrete interface area in different working stages， the dynamic process of the interface structure of the pavement cement concrete under the three fields was revealed，and then microcosmic damage mechanism of pavement cement concrete was studied． Ｒesults show that after three months of standard curing， the width of ITZ of concrete is between 30 ～40 μm; with the increase of the coupling time of load， freezingthawing and dry-wet circulation， the fatigue life of concrete is obviously shortened，and when the fatigue damage is reached， the width of ITZ is close to 60 ～70μm; the expansion rate of ITZ increases obviously，the structural density of the concrete decreases gradually，the maximum crack length extends first and then decreases，and the maximum width of the crack increases gradually; finally， the width of ITZ and the critical value of the structural parameters of ITZ are determined． 

 Study on Slippage Development Laws between Cables Based on Frictional Laminated Beams

 

ZHONG Jintu YAN Quansheng

2018, 46(6):  31-40.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.005

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 According to the structural characteristics of the parallel steel wire rope， the slippage development mechanism between the wires can be studied by the frictional variable width laminated beam model． When the inter layer shear force of the coulomb’s frictional laminated beam exceeds the maximum friction resistance between layers， the slippage between layers will occur． In order to accurately study the interlaminar slip mechanism of the frictional variable width laminated beams， the formula for calculating the shear force of the frictional variable width laminated beams considering interlaminar friction is derived by the section analysis method， then determines the interlaminar slippage law of the frictional laminated beams; And then the Transfer Matrix method is used to calculate the slippage length; Finally， the ANSYS numerical simulation results are compared to verify the accuracy of the algorithm． 

Prediction Research of Special-Shaped Arch Bridge Arch-Rib Spatial Alignment Based on Markov Model

 

CHEN Deyi YAN Quansheng

2018, 46(6):  41-47.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.006

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Combining the characteristics of Markov theory and construction process of specialshaped arch bridge archrib，one Markov model for the accurate prediction of the spatial alignment of a specialshaped arch rib is established for the first time，and the calculation expression is derived of the spatial coordinates of the specialshaped arch ribs following the weakening of random error． Based on the above calculation expression，a spatial coordinate prediction method is proposed for specialshaped arch ribs，and the practicability of the method is verified by an experiment based on an engineering example． The calculation accuracy of the proposed method is compared with that of grey theory prediction method，Kalman filter method and least square method， the general development law of the spatial alignment is obtained of specialshaped arch bridge archrib． Numerical results thus indicate that the proposed method has perfect accuracy and reasonably high efficiency． 

Condition Assessment Method of Suspension Bridges Using Time-dependent Variable Weight Model

 

XU Xiang REN Yuan HUANG Qiao SUN Hongbin

2018, 46(6):  48-53.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.007

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To highlight time-variant characteristics of indexes for bridge assessment process，a time-dependent variable weight approach is proposed． Initially，a typical variable weight model corresponding to the sum type balance function is established． In addition， index weights of suspension bridge superstructures are taken as an example to investigate the relationships between weights of replaceable/permanent members and operation time． Then，assessment results of the constant weight model，factor-based variable weight model，and time-＆ factor-based variable weight model for a suspension bridge are compared with each other． The results show that the assessment result of the time-＆ factor-based variable weight model mostly agrees with the actual condition of the studied bridge． It is concluded that index weights of replaceable members significantly gain in the end of their lives and have a periodicity with a period of the member service life; while，index weights of permanent members gradually increase over time． The time-dependent variable weight algorithm can adjust initial weights according to bridge operation time， which makes up the drawbacks of the factor-based variable weight model where satisfactory weight adjustment is unavailable on account of the low initial index weights． 

Residual Mechanical Properties of Stud Connectors under Cyclic Loading

 

HUANG Qiao WANG Bing LIU Xiaoling ZOU Yun LI Wenxian

2018, 46(6):  54-64.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.008

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For the study of degradation in mechanical properties of stud connectors in steel-concrete composite structure after fatigue loads，a total of 11 specimens of stud connectors were performed in three series based on the standard push-out test method． They are static load test， fatigue test and static test under a certain fatigue loading

cycle number respectively． The static bearing capacity and fatigue life of the stud specimens were obtained． Based on this， the change rules of mechanical properties for push-out specimens such as shear bearing capacity，shear stiffness and ductility were analyzed after different fatigue load cycles． Finally，a loadslip constitutive model for the

studs consideration degradation of mechanical properties was established． The results show that the stud connectors show three different section failure characteristics in static tests，complete fatigue tests and incomplete fatigue tests;

various residual mechanical indexes for the stud specimens show a nonlinear degradation under fatigue loading and the degradation trend is significant; the established stud loadslip constitutive model is simple in form and expedient

to use． The calculated values are quite agreeable to the experimental ones． 

 Compression Load-Deformation Response and Internal Short Circuit Failure Analysis of Vehicle Powered Batteries

 

LAN Fengchong ZHENG Wenjie LI Zhijie CHEN Jiqing

2018, 46(6):  65-72.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.009

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 Mechanical load has an important influence on the safety of vehicle battery and compression deformation is a key factor of internal short circuit battery failure． Accordingly，detailed structure and internal short circuit mechanism of LiFeO4 cells，plane compression and local indentation tests were performed on the cells． Ｒesponse of load-deformation，voltage and temperature changing relationship of the cell under compression loading conditions were obtained and failure feature was analyzed． Then constitutive equation and finite element model of LiFeO4 cell were established． Deformation of the cell under plane compression and local indentation condition was analyzed by simulation． The results showed that the model can correctly reflect basic mechanical property of LiFeO4 battery under compression loading conditions，and that internal short circuit onset time and failure location of the cell under

local indentation condition can be predicted． Present research can provide a reference for studying prismatic aluminum shell LiFeO4 battery deformation response and internal short circuit under mechanical loading conditions，and that is of practical engineering significance to improve the mechanical safety of electric vehicle power battery． 

Modeling and Control of Quater-Car Model Based on MacPherson Suspension System

 

SHANGGUAN Wenbin XIE Zhongkai QIN Wu ZHU Bolin Subhash Rakheja

2018, 46(6):  73-80.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.010

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Considering the inertia moment of control arm，wheel mass and its inertia moment about the longitudinal axis and tire damping and lateral deflection，a novel model based on a quarter car one with MacPherson suspension is established． This kinematic-dynamic model overcomes two weaknesses of the classical 2DOF model: it accounts

for linkage geometry and lateral stiffness of tire． The displacement of the sprung mass and the tire dynamic load of proposed model，three-dimensional model established in the ADAMAS/View and the classical 2DOFs model are

calculated and compared． It is found that the proposed model in this paper is closer to the three-dimensional model than classical 2DOFs model． This proposed model is validated by comparing with two kinematic parameters: camber angle and track width variation calculated in this model and three-dimensional model respectively． In addition， the

PID and sky-hook on-off control algorithm are applied to the proposed model respectively and the control effects of

two algorithms are compared．

Acoustics Performance Optimization for Mufflers Based on GT-Power and Fluent

 

WU Jie WANG Mingliang

2018, 46(6):  81-86,102.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.011

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The tailpipe idle noise of a new car model severely exceeds the manufacture’s limits． The reason of inadequate lowfrequency anechoic performance and structural imperfection are obtained by analyzing the transmission loss of the muffler and the muffler’s interior flow field． The front muffler is optimized by using the crossflow perforation structure and the main muffler’s perforation form is improved． GT-Power simulation and test results show that lowfrequency anechoic performance of the muffler is improved，and the tailpipe idle noise decreases by more than 4dB( A) and 3dB( A) respectively at AC off and AC on cases． The total tailpipe sound pressure levels and the back pressure of the exhaust system at the 3WOT case satisfy the manufacture’s technical requirements． 

Food Science & Technology

Effect of Four Kinds Food-Derived Peptides on the Oxidative and Inflammatory System in Photoaging Skin of SD Rats

 

XU Defeng MA Zhonghua ZHAO Mouming ZHANG Ting SU Guowan

2018, 46(6):  87-92.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.012

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 To investigate the regulation of four kinds of food-derived peptides with oral administration on the oxidative and inflammatory system of photoaging skin in SD rats，SD rats with SPF grade were equally distributed as normal group，model group with ultraviolet irradiation and peptides oral administration groups before UV exposure． Before experiment，about 5 cm2 of dorsal hair in all animals were completely removed off and except the animals in normal group， the other animals were exposed to UV irradiation to establish the photoaging model． At the same time， the low，middle and high-dose peptides solution was prepared by dissolving the peptides into water to obtain the concentration of 0. 3，0. 9，and 1. 5g/L， respectively． Consequently，as the sole drinking source， the peptides solution was orally administrated to the SD rats in peptides treating groups． The animals in UV and peptides administration groups were continuously exposed to UV irradiation until the photoaged model was established． After scarification，about 1g of dorsal skin was homogenated in a refiner，with 10% homogenate solution for biochemical detection． The content of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde ( MDA) and the antioxidase activity of SOD，CAT and GSHPX were detected by biochemical assay and the content of inflammatory cytokines of interleukin1β ( IL1β) ， IL2， IL6，IL10 and transforming growth factor β ( TGF-β) were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ． The results illustrated that the concentration of MDA， IL1β and IL6 in skin tissue of model group were significant higher while the content of antiinflammatory cytokines of IL2， IL6， IL10 and TGF-β were significantly decreased and the anti-oxidase activity of SOD，CAT and GSH-PX were significantly lower than those in normal control group ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． In comparison with model group，peptides groups exhibited desirable and remarkable regulation on the oxidative and inflammatory status with a dose-dependency manner． On the whole， the remarkable difference among the four kinds of food-derived peptides in protecting skin from photoaging process was observed， in which the sample 2 at high dose enhanced the anti-oxidase activity， reduced the lipid peroxidation level，and improved the immunity suppression and cellular microenvironment． Therefore the peptide of sample 2 can be used as the primary ingredient for developing functional food against photoaging． 

 Effects of Extraction Techniques on Anticoagulant Activity of Acid-Auricularia auricular Polysaccharides

 

LI Dehai GU Jialin SUN Changyan XU Ying ZONG Fangfang

2018, 46(6):  94-102.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.013

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 The inhibition of fibrinogen ( FIB) to fibrin， the activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT) ， the prothrombin time ( PT) and the thrombin time ( TT) were used to study the anticoagulant activity of acid-Auricularia auricular polysaccharides which were obtained by three kinds of physical-assisted extraction techniques，ultrasound，microwave and high shear． And then the correlation between the extraction technique and the anticoagulant activity was analyzed by testing the structures and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides． The results showed that the acid-Auricularia auricula polysaccharides had a significant inhibitory effect on the transformation of FIB，and it could also prolong the APTT and TT of rabbit plasma ( p ＜0. 05) significantly，but it produced no significant effect on PT ( p ＞0. 05) ，so it is through endogenous pathway and common pathway to involve itself in the coagulation process． The polysaccharides with the best anticoagulant activity in each treatment were selected for further comparative analysis，and the W-Ac-AAP，which was obtained by microwave-assisted extraction for 15 min ( W-Ac-AAP) ，had the best anticoagulant activity． When the concentration of polysaccharide at 4. 0 g/L，the APTT was ( 125. 03 ±1. 64) s and the TT was ( 70. 39 ±0. 87) s． When the concentration of polysaccharide at 2. 0 g/L， the ability of FIB to inhibit fibrin conversion was ( 0. 76 ±0. 05) g/L． There had been significant differences in protein content and sulfate content among the four polysaccharides ( p ＜ 0. 05) ． The W-Ac-AAP with the best anticoagulant activity had the lowest protein content， the highest sulfate content，and polysaccharides with common alkali extraction ( Ac-AAP) had the lowest sulfate content， there would be a certain correlation between the anticoagulant activity and sulfate content of polysaccharides． This study provides a means for the development of natural plant anticoagulant drugs． 

Preparation and Properties of Highly Substituted Starch Benzoate

 

ZHANG Benshan GUO Chenfeng WANG Jianping YU Huan ZHENG Hongtao

2018, 46(6):  103-108.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.014

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 Starch benzoate ( SB) was prepared from native corn starch in aqueous phase and characterized by FTIＲ，SEM，Xray diffraction，contact angle measurement and emulsifying ability measurement． The optimal conditions are as follows: the molar ratio of benzoyl chloride to native starch is 3. 0， the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to benzoyl chloride is 1. 95，reaction temperature，24℃，and reaction time，1h． According to FTIＲ，the benzoyl group has grafted onto native starch chain unit while hydroxyl groups gradually disappeared with the increase of DS． SEM showed morphology of granules was retained but became rough and cracked after the modification． Xray diffraction pattern indicated that crystalline regions of SB were damaged while sub crystalline regions remained relatively complete． The results of contact angle measurement and emulsifying ability measurement proved that SB possesses much better hydrophobicity and emulsifiability than native starch． The TG curves suggest that SB has poorer ability to retain water and to stand temperature in comparison with native starch． 

Preparation and Characterization of Starch Functional Film

 

LIU Hongsheng FENG Mingyue CHEN Xia

2018, 46(6):  109-115,136.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.015

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Starch-based films incorporated with different concentration of tea polyphenols ( TP) were developed

with the aid of solution casting method． The physical and functional properties of the films were systematically cha

racterized． The results shows that the TP produces no significant effect on the surface and moisture content of the films，but it reduces the transparency and contact angle． It is also noted that， the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the film show no linear changes with the increase of the content of TP． In addition， the presence of TP increases the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the starch-based films，and the inhibitory effect is more evident against Staphylococcus aureus． In the antibacterial test，a new automatic counting method based on computer vision and machine learning algorithm is established to count the colonies，which perform much faster

without subjective uncertainty． 

Synergistic Effect of EGCG and Oleic Acid on Lowing Starch Digestion Rate

 

2018, 46(6):  116-121.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.016

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We aimed to elucidate the relationship between starch digestibility and interaction between starch and oleic acid in presence of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG) ，using a first-order kinetic model． Vitro digestion rate and extent of binary/ternary component blends ( starch，starch + EGCG，starch + oleic acid，starch + EGCG + oleic acid) were analyzed，and the binding capacity and thermal properties were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and differential scanning calorimetry respectively． Compared with the rice starch control， the digestion rate/ratio of starch + EGCG + oleic acid ( 0. 041 min －1，42. 5%) was decreased significantly ( ca． 50% reduction in digestion rate and 32% reduction in digestion extent． We concluded that EGCG and oleic acid showed synergistic effect on lowing starch digestibility through the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction assessed by the binding capacity and thermal property of the binary/ternary component blends

Environmental Science & Technology

Combination of Coagulation-Flocculation and Membrane Processing in the Optimization of Secondary Fiber Wastewater Treatment Using Taguchi Method

 

LI Youming XU Yanmei HOU Yi

2018, 46(6):  122-129.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.017

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The effects of individual membrane processing ( MP) and MP combined with coagulationflocculation ( CF) on the properties of secondary fiber wastewater had been investigated in this study． Based on taguchi method and analysis of variance ( ANOVA) ，four independent variables including PAC dosage，CPAM dosage，pH and temperature were selected as influence factors． The factors were optimized as PAC dosage 1000mg/L，CPAM dosage 20mg/L，pH 9 and temperature 25 ℃． At the optimal conditions，COD was declined to 441 mg/L，TSS was 4NTU，SV was 46，colority was 23 Units PtCo． Compared with individual MP， the combination of CF and MP has a higher flux at 70% and a stronger removal of COD at 60. 2% after 10 mins’MP， indicating that the combination of CF-MP improves the overall performance for the secondary fiber wastewater treatment． 

Preparation and Characterization of Starch Functional Film

 

LIU Hongsheng FENG Mingyue CHEN Xia

2018, 46(6):  130-136.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.018

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Starch-based films incorporated with different concentration of tea polyphenols ( TP) were developed

with the aid of solution casting method． The physical and functional properties of the films were systematically cha

racterized． The results shows that the TP produces no significant effect on the surface and moisture content of the films，but it reduces the transparency and contact angle． It is also noted that， the mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of the film show no linear changes with the increase of the content of TP． In addition， the presence of TP increases the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the starch-based films，and the inhibitory effect is more evident against Staphylococcus aureus． In the antibacterial test，a new automatic counting method based on computer vision and machine learning algorithm is established to count the colonies，which perform much faster without subjective uncertainty． 

Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Consumption with Emission and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle

YAN Junhua WANG Shuxiao YUAN Haoran CHEN Yong SHAN Rui

2018, 46(6):  137-144.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2018.06.019

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 In this paper， life cycle assessment method was used to comparatively study environmental cost，energy consumption and environmentimpact potential of hybrid electric vehicle ( Prius) ，pure electric vehicle ( BYD E6) ， and conventional fuel vehicle ( Santana) in their three stages of production，use and waste recycling． In their full life cycle，pure electric vehicle has the lowest environmental cost，followed by hybrid vehicle，and the highest is conventional fuel vehicles． The environmental cost of pure electric vehicle is only 36. 04% of that of fuel vehicle． The total energy consumptions of hybrid and pure electric vehicles are 59. 92% and 52. 20% of that of the traditional fuel vehicles， respectively． Compared with fuel vehicle， the energy consumption of electric vehicles is lower than that when it is used，and their energy consumption is higher than that in the process of vehicle manufacturing and waste recycling． In addition， the weighted total environmentalimpact potentials of hybrid and pure electric vehicles in full life cycle are 56. 72% and 34. 16% than those of the conventional fuel vehicles， respectively． Similar to fuel vehicle， the environmentalimpact load of hybrid vehicle is mainly from photochemical smog，while that of pure electric vehicle mainly comes from the three aspects: dust，global warming and photochemical smog．