Table of Content

25 May 2016, Volume 44 Issue 5

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Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology

Cooperative Jamming Strategy Based on Proximal Gradient Algorithm

KE Feng MAI Fan DENG Yuan-yi CHEN Xiao-bin

2016, 44(5):  1-7.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.001

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In the traditional cooperative jamming strategies,the interfering signals at the destination node are com- monly ignored,and many relays and a great amount of power are consumed.In order to reduce the consumption of total power and relays without degrading security capacity,group-sparse penalty is introduced in the optimization of security capacity,and a proximal gradient algorithm (PGA) is employed to solve the problem.Moreover,a co- operative jamming strategy on the basis of PGA is proposed.Simulated results show that the PGA-based algorithm helps obtain the security capacity effectively; and that,by adjusting the penalty factor,it can remarkably reduce the consumption of total delay power and delays only with small security capacity loss,reasonably allocate system resources and improve the service efficiency of relays.

A Probe into Microstructure of Sn/SnPb Mixed-Assembly Soldered Joints Under Isothermal Aging

ZHOU Bin LI Xun-ping EN Yun-fei LU Tao HE Xiao-qi YAO Ruo-he

2016, 44(5):  8-14.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.002

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In order to improve the process compatibility and long-term reliability of Sn/SnPb mixed-assembly sol- dered joints,board-level circuits with daisy chain structures were designed,on which Pb-free QFPs (Quad Flat Packages) were assembled with SnPb solder paste through a typical reflow process.Then,a isothermal aging ex- periment of the assembled samples was carried out for 1500h.Moreover,the microstructure,electric performance and mechanical performance of the mixed-assembly soldered joints before and after the aging were analyzed,through which the growth mechanism of IMC (Intermetallic Compounds) at both sides of soldering interfaces and its effect on the electric and mechanical performances of soldered joints were explored.The results show that (1) the growth of Cu₆Sn₅  andCu₃Sn IMC at soldering interfaces exhibits an excellent linear relationship with the square root of aging time,and the decomposition reaction of Cu₆Sn₅  is the primary growth mechanism of Cu₃Sn IMC at soldering interfaces; (2) the Pb phase gathering in soldering interfaces in the aging process cuts off the diffusion pathway of Sn atom and thereby inhibits the further growth of interface IMC; and (3) the coarsening of β-Sn size,the accumulation of Pb-rich phase and the quick growth of interface IMC layer with intrinsic brittleness all result in the decrease of tensile strength of soldered joints,and the thickness of layered IMC reflects the mechanical per- formance of soldered joints to some extent.

Progressive Quantization Algorithm for Video Signal Acquisition Based on Compressed Sensing

YANG Chun-ling LIU Xuan

2016, 44(5):  15-21.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.003

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In the video signal acquisition process on the basis of compressed sensing,the quantization method of measured values influences the reconstructed quality remarkably.In order to design a high-performance quantiza- tion method of measured values,a progressive quantization algorithm for compressed video sensing measurements named VPQ (Video Progress Quantization) is proposed on the basis of the inter-frame correlation of videos and the characteristics of measured compressed video sensing signals.In this algorithm,the measured non-key frames are quantized and only some bitplanes with less importance are transmitted.At the decoder,neighbor reconstructed frames are applied to motion estimation to generate the side information of non-key frames,and then the non-key frame measurements are estimated by measuring the side information frame.Finally,in combination with the bit- planes with less importance transmitted from the encoder,accurate measurements are obtained via the inverse quantization of progressive quantization.Experimental results show that,in comparison with uniform scalar quanti- zation,the proposed VPQ algorithm helps greatly decrease the code rate without additional complexity and recon- struction quality degradation; and that it is of higher rate-distortion performance,with a gain ranging from 0. 5 to 2. 0 dB for different sequences.

Dynamic Information-Based Load Reallocation Strategy for Cascading Failure Networks

LI Cong-dong DENG Yuan YUAN Zhi-feng WANG Yu

2016, 44(5):  22-28.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.004

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In order to implement load reallocation in cascading failure networks,a dynamic reallocation strategy combining both local and dynamic network information is proposed.In this strategy,the weight is computed according to the degree and real-time processing ability of a node,and is used to reallocate load in turn.At the same time,according to a certain proportion,some failure nodes are selected to suspend their function and their load reallocation processes stop accordingly.Simulated results in BA scale-free network,WS small-world network and ER random network show that,under certain parameter conditions,the proposed dynamic reallocation strategy is superior to betweenness distribution strategy and degree distribution strategy because it is more effective in alleviating cascading failure by reducing the overall network load rate and optimizing network's real-time streaming distribution.

Parameter Estimaton of mW Composite Sequence Based on Compressive Cyclic Spectrum

GUO Li-li LIU Xiang-pu FU Jiang-zhi LI Qing-wei

2016, 44(5):  29-35.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.005

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In order to implement the parameter estimation of mW (m-Walsh) composite-sequence spread spectrum signals,the corresponding cyclic spectrum is derived according to the theory of cyclic spectrum,and the feature of cyclic spectrum is analyzed on the basis of spectrum characteristics of Walsh sequence,with a parameter estimation algorithm on the basis of cyclic spectrum being also presented.Moreover,a compressive cyclic spectrum is intro- duced to meet the high-rate sampling for the calculation of cyclic spectrum.Thus,the cyclic spectrum can be reconstructed from compressive samples.Simulated results indicate that the introduction of compressive sampling helps effectively reconstruct the cyclic spectrum and estimate the sequence number of Walsh sequence,the chip rate of m sequence as well as the carrier frequency.

Defect Localization Method of 3D Stacked-Die Packaged Integrated Circuits

LIN Xiao-ling EN Yun-fei YAO Ruo-he

2016, 44(5):  36-41,47.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.006

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Three-dimension (3D) stacked-die package is one of the important package types of high-performance devices.Its unique packaging brings new challenges to defect localization.In this paper,a localization method of defects inside 3D stacked-die packaged integrated circuits,which integrates both lock-in thermography imaging and X-ray detection technology,is proposed.Firstly,X-ray detection technology is used to obtain internal structure of the device horizontally and vertically,and thus the chip location and size,the stack layers and the wire bonding mode inside the package can be determined.Secondly,the propagation delay information of defects inside package and the defect location on xy plane are obtained via lock-in thermography imaging.Then,more exact location in- formation of the defect in z direction is obtained by calculating the phase shift at different frequencies.Finally,some experiments are carried out to discover the localization of defects inside a plastic packaging SDRAM,and the corresponding physical analysis is made.The results show that the integration of lock-in thermography imaging with X-ray detection technology helps localize defects of 3D stacked-die packaged devices without decapping the device.

Characteristic of Tuned Capacitor in IPT System Based on Impedance Matching

SUN Yue ZHANG Jing YE Zhao-hong WANG Zhi-hui

2016, 44(5):  42-47.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.007

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In order to overcome the instable resonance frequency of inductive power transmission system caused by impedance mismatch,a three-capacitor configuration array for dynamic tuning is proposed,and the relationship between resonant capacitance and system frequency is analyzed.Moreover,the value distribution,scope and out- put precision of capacitor array are discussed,and the capacitance value of the three-capacitor array is optimized by means of genetic algorithm.Simulated results indicate that,as the proposed three-capacitor array presents wide-scope output capacitance and high-precision adjustable capacitance,it can be applied to the system that requires large output capacitance range and high adjustable precision.

Fast Iterative Algorithm for Image Threshold Segmentation Based on Two-Dimensional Arimoto Gray Entropy

WU Yi-quan ZHU Li WU Shi-hua

2016, 44(5):  48-57.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.008

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As the existing Arimoto entropy-based thresholding methods only depend on the probability information from gray histogram and need to search the whole solution space to obtain the optimal threshold with low efficiency,a fast iterative algorithm for threshold segmentation on the basis of two-dimensional Arimoto gray entropy is pro- posed.Firstly,a fast iterative algorithm for threshold selection using one-dimensional Arimoto gray entropy is pro- posed.Secondly,by taking into consideration the gray level uniformity within the object cluster and the back- ground cluster,a two-dimensional Arimoto gray entropy thresholding method on the basis of gray level-average gray level histogram is derived.Then,fast recursive formulae for intermediate variables are given.Finally,a fast ite- rative algorithm is proposed for threshold selection on the basis of two-dimensional Arimoto gray entropy,and the corresponding algorithmic formulae are derived,which helps reduce computation burden greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to five existing threshold segmentation algorithms because it runs more rapidly and is more effective in obtaining segmented images with complete objects,clear edges and rich details.

System Identification of Cross-Directional Control Processes Based on Improved RLM Algorithm

SHI Xian-cheng FENG Yu-cheng CHEN Ke-fu

2016, 44(5):  58-65.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.009

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In cross-directional (CD) control processes,the system model is difficult to identify due to the sparse measurement data as well as the model 's high dimensionality,strong coupling and uncertainty.In order to identify the system model rapidly and accurately,an improved approach on the basis of the recursive Levenberg-Marquardt (RLM) algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the two-dimension parameterized model and step identification method of CD control processes are described.Secondly,the objective function of RLM algorithm is modified and an improved RLM algorithm is presented,which is then applied to the real-time and recursive identification of the mapping,steady-state spatial response and dynamic response of the parameterized model of CD control processes.The results of both simulation and practical application show that the proposed identification method can not only identify the spatial and dynamic responses of CD control processes simultaneously but also converge more rapidly than the traditional RLM algorithm.

Internal Model Control Method Based on Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning

TANG Xiao-jun WANG Dao-bo WANG Yin JIANG Wan-yue

2016, 44(5):  66-72.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.010

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During the internal model control in the existence of great difference between real model and internal model,the adjustment of filter coefficient for controller parameter determination may result in the decrease of system 's response speed.In order to solve this problem,an internal model control method on the basis of virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) is proposed,and the identification of the process model as well as the design of the internal model controller is implemented simultaneously.Firstly,the connection between internal model control and VRFT is established.Then,an internal model controller is designed on the basis of VRFT,and a specific expression of the reasonable filter is derived.Finally,the parameters of the controller and the internal model are optimized by using the designed filter,which makes the designed controller structure accords with the given ideal transfer function well.Simulated results show that,though the proposed method presents a control effect similar to the traditional controller design method,the former is more effective thanks to its faster response and higher tracking performance.

An RFID Tag Antenna with Application Universality

XIONG Xiong HONG Wei-jun ZHAO Zhen-tao XIE Sheng-li

2016, 44(5):  73-77.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.011

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In order to implement stable identification of objects with different materials,a novel UHF (Ultrahigh Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag antenna with steady and high gain is proposed.The antenna consists of a pair of quarter-wavelength rectangular patch working as a radiation unit of dipole antenna and an inductive feeding loop suspending on the patch plane.Thanks to the significant induction introduced by the loop,conjugate matching to chip impedance can be achieved.Experimental results show that the proposed tag antenna covers the worldwide RFID bands in UHF range (840 ～960MHz) and helps obtain a gain of about 2. 0dBi as well as a stable recognition distance for different dielectric materials.Moreover,it is found that,when the tag antenna is mounted on such dielectric materials as clothes and books，the radiation pattern shows omnidirectional; while when it is mounted on conductors with consistent gain,the radiation pattern shows directional with a half power beamwidth of 70°.

Mechanical Engineering

State Vector Model of Geometry Tolerance and Techniques for Tolerance Analysis and Synthesis

LIU Wei-dong TU Yu-ting LIU Hai-ming

2016, 44(5):  78-83,89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.012

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As the existing interchangeability design process of part assembly is restricted to the imperfect analysis and synthesis techniques of geometric tolerance,firstly,a state vector model of geometric tolerance is proposed.Secondly,the geometric deviation affection and deviation accumulation are analyzed on the basis of the proposed model,respectively.Then,the state vector expression of assembly deviation affection and accumulation is deduced for the parts in different fitting statuses,and a state equation for the geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis is presented.Finally,an end faces docking example of spacecraft cabins is illustrated to explore the process of geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis with the help of the proposed state equation.Example results show that the proposed state vector model and the corresponding state equation are both effective and applicable for geometric tolerance analysis and synthesis.

Design of Cascade-Connection Adaptive Notch Filter and Counting Compensation of Asynchronous Pulse

LIU Gui-xiong WAN Yong HUANG Jian PAN Yun-fei

2016, 44(5):  84-89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.013

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In order to reduce counting error and implement high-accuracy measurement of multi-channel asyn- chronous impulse signals with different frequencies,a cascade-connection adaptive notch filter (CANF) for real- time phase estimation is proposed.In CANF,firstly,an ANF designed by Liu (LANF) with an adaptive factor of 0 is set in the front of ANF,and the output of LANF is used as the input of an ANF designed by Mojiri (MANF). Secondly,the estimated frequency of MANF is used to adjust the frequency of LANF in real time.Then,CANF is applied to a multi-station flowmeter calibration equipment and is used to calculate the real-time phase of two chan- nels of asynchronous impulse signal.Finally,simulation and practical application of CANF are carried out,with the corresponding counting errors being less than ± 0. 047 and ± 0. 045,respectively，which means that the counting error compensation via real-time phase calculation effectively improves the counting accuracy of asyn- chronous pulses and the practicability of multi-channel parallel calibration.

Parameters Identification of Industrial Robots Based on WLS-ABC Algorithm

DING Li WU Hong-tao YAO Yu LI Yao XIE Ben-hua CHEN Bai

2016, 44(5):  90-95.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.014

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Aiming at the kinetic parameter identification of industrial robots without loads,a novel hybrid algo- rithm,which combines weighted least square method with artificial bee colony algorithm (WLS-ABC),is pro- posed.Firstly,a linear dynamic model of the robot considering the friction characteristics of joints is deduced． Secondly,a five-order Fourier series is designed to be the exciting trajectory and experimental data are collected and identified.Then,WLS is employed to obtain the initial solution of the collected experimental data.Moreo- ver,bee colony is used as a search unit to find global optimal parameters through exchanging the information and retaining the superior individual.Finally,the established model is validated and analyzed.Experimental results show that the predicted torques well match the measured ones,and that the proposed model well reflects the kinetic characteristics of robots.

Observation of Surface Wettability of Carbon Fiber Tow by Means of IR Thermal Imaging

LU Long-sheng SUN Jia-wei ZHANG Fei-xiang LIU Xiao-kang

2016, 44(5):  96-102.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.015

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The surface wettability of carbon fiber is an essential factor affecting the performance of carbon fiber composite material.Due to the small fiber diameter and the transparent characteristic of working medium,the con- ventional measurements of wettability need demanding operation whereas wetting boundary is blurred,and thus the reiteration rate of experiment is low and large errors occur.In order to solve this problem,a novel observing method of wettability using IR thermal imaging is proposed.The superficial wettability of carbon fibers with smooth or rough morphology is observed,the variation tendency of wetting height with time is explored,and a comparison is made between the experimental results and the theoretical ones obtained by classical Laplace-Washburn model.The results show that the wetting heights measured in the rapid wetting stage and the transitional stage are respec- tively in direct proportion to the square root of wetting time ( h ∝ 槡 t ) and to the cube root of wetting time ( h ∝ 3 槡 t ),which means that the proposed IR thermal imaging method helps obtain accurate wetting height of carbon fiber tow and can be applied to the characterization of surface wettability of carbon fiber tow.

Contact Stresses Analysis of Coated Substrate Based on Photoelasticity Experiment and Finite Element Method

FANG Yan-fei HE Jun HUANG Ping

2016, 44(5):  103-109.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.016

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Coating technology is usually used to protect the surfaces of machine parts and cutting tools,avoid wear and to prolong parts' fatigue life.The subsurface stress distribution in the coating significantly influences the sur- face failure of parts.In this paper,polycarbonate/epoxy was used as a coating/substrate system,and some photoe- lasticity experiments were carried out to collect the photoelastic fringe patterns of the coating/substrate system sub- jected to loads.Then,a finite element model of the coating/substrate system was established with Abaqus,and the stress distribution of the system varying with coating thickness and contact load was analyzed.Experimental and theoretical results show that (1) in contact stress field,the maximum shear stress appears in the subsurface rather than on the surface and extends to the substrate as the load increases; (2) for the system with different coating thickness,the stress suddenly increases at the interface of the coating to the substrate,which is caused by the difference in material properties between the coating and the substrate; and (3) stress distributions obtained via photoelasticity experiment are basically consistent with those obtained via finite element method.

A Probe into Multi-Physics Coupling in Electrochemical Machining Process of Square Holes in Titanium Alloys

HE Ya-feng LU Wen-zhuang GAN Wei-min

2016, 44(5):  110-116.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.017

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In order to further improve the quality and precision of electrochemical machining,by taking the machi- ning of square roles in titanium alloys as the research object,firstly,a multi-physics coupling mathematical model describing the electrochemical machining of square holes is established,which fully takes into consideration the mutual relationship among electric field,flow field and temperature field.Secondly,the distributions of square role's multi-physics coupling electrochemical machining potential,machining depth,flow velocity,bubble ratio and temperature gradient are obtained via numerical simulations.Then,the variations different physical parameters with time are discussed.Finally,electrochemical machining experiments of square holes in titanium alloys are carried out,and the influence of electrolyte inlet pressure on processing quality is investigated.The results show that (1) electrochemical machining is an interaction process of electric field,flow field and temperature field; (2) the measured square role contour accords well with the theoretically-calculated one; and (3) with the increase of processing time,the machining depth and cone angle become larger,the flow rate in the processing area decreases,while the bubble rate as well as the temperate gradient increases.

Computer Science & Technology

Fast Extraction of Feature Points for Contours of Optical Fiber Cores Based on Improved Spatial Moment Algorithm

CHEN Zhong ZHOU De-wen ZHANG Xian-min

2016, 44(5):  117-122.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.018

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In order to improve the speed and accuracy of vision-based feature point extraction for optical fibers in their precision alignment process,a rapid extraction algorithm of subpixel feature points for contours of optical fiber cores is proposed on the basis of an improved spatial moment algorithm.In the proposed algorithm,firstly,the initial position of optical fibers is quickly searched,and the pixel-level edges of fiber cores are extracted via tracking the cores and their end faces.Then,subpixel edges are located by means of an improved spatial moment method,and linear equations of the axle and the edges are derived after a linear fitting on the extracted subpixel edges.Experimental results show that the proposed extraction algorithm runs more rapidly and possesses higher precision and stronger noise robustness than the traditional method,and that it meets the requirements of real-time precision alignment of optical fibers.

Low-Quality Characters Recognition Based on Dictionary Learning and Sparse Representation

HAO Ning-bo LIAO Hai-bin YANG Jie

2016, 44(5):  123-129.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.019

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In order to recognize low-quality characters with interrupted strokes,noise and fuzziness,and to recog- nize characters with different fonts and sizes,a method to recognize low-quality characters on the basis of dictionary learning and sparse representation is proposed.Firstly,character samples with different fonts and sizes are collected to construct a super-complete dictionary of characters.Then,a sparse representation model is established by using test characters,and a character classification is made according to the solved sparse representation coefficient.Ad- ditionally,in order to make the dictionary more discriminating,a dictionary learning method on the basis of factor analysis is proposed.Experimental results show that the proposed method not only can identify characters with different fonts and sizes but also possesses robustness to interrupted strokes,noise and fuzziness.

OLDA-Based Model for Hot Topic Evolution and Tracking

CHEN Xing-shu GAO Yue JIANG Hao DU Min WANG Hai-zhou HE Jian-yun

2016, 44(5):  130-136.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.020

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In order to detect and track interesting topics from massive forum data,firstly,LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model is used to reduce the dimensionality of text data from word space to semantic space.Seco- ndly,a clustering algorithm is employed to cluster the forum data in semantic space.Then,a detection method is proposed to obtain hot topics on the basis of which HTOLDA (Hot-Topic OLDA) topic model is proposed on the basis of OLDA (Online LDA) topic model,which performs priori delivery by choosing hot topics and sets semantic distance on the same topic of adjacent time slices to judge topic status.Experimental results show that HTOLDA topic model is superior to OLDA topic model in terms of modeling each time slice,and that it evolves and tracks the hot topics in online forums effectively.

Prediction of Network Security Situation on the Basis of Time Series Analysis

WEN Zhi-cheng CHEN Zhi-gang TANG Jun

2016, 44(5):  137-143,150.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.021

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As the existing network security situation prediction is restricted to its single information source and poor real-time property,a new prediction method fully considering the variation of network security situation is proposed on the basis of time series analysis.In this method,a series of hidden Markov models are constructed to predict the security situation for hosts according to the front and back dependence,and then to predict the trend of network se- curity at the next moment by fully using multi-source heterogeneous information.Moreover,the network security si- tuation at the next moment is quantitatively calculated from all hosts in the network.Thus,the change law and de- velopment direction of network security situation can be indirectly predicted.Experimental results in real network environments show that the proposed prediction method of network security situation is feasible and effective.

Smallest Enclosing Rectangle Planning for Spatial Target Distribution on the Basis of Boolean Search

WEI Xing HAN Jiang-hong

2016, 44(5):  143-150.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2016.05.022

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In order to save the searching cost of passive target location in two-dimension planes,a smallest enclo- sing rectangle problem for randomly-deployed WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) nodes is investigated.Firstly,a smallest enclosing rectangle planning method for WSN nodes,which makes anchors continuously approach target nodes with the depth-first searching strategy,is proposed on the basis of Boolean search.Then,a coordinate max- min algorithm is put forward to compute the minimum enclosing rectangle according to aforementioned anchors’lo- cation.The results of both simulation and algorithm analysis show that the proposed strategy possesses less computa- tion complexity than such searching strategies as traversal methods for smallest enclosing rectangle and circle,and helps obtain the enclosing rectangle with minimum area more precisely.