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    25 April 2007, Volume 35 Issue 4
    Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
    Ji Hong-bing Shi Dong-po Hu Xiao-fang Pei Li-xia Li Zhong
    2007, 35(4):  1-5. 
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    The recovery of β-cyclodextrin from an aqueous reaction system was carried out by means of solvent ex-traction. It is found that (1) there exists an inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with organic compounds in the re-action system; (2) the recoveηof β-cyclodextrin is greatly influenced by the variety of organic solvents and the composition of the mixed solvents , reaching 95% when the ratio of acetone to water is 2: 1 ( volume ratio) ; (3) the extraction is significantly affected by the variety of organic solvents; and (4) in the aqueous β-cyclodextrin solution containing benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde , ethyl acetate is a good choice to the quick quantitive determination of benzyl alcohol or benzaldehyde , with an extraction of more than 99%.

    Li Zhong Fu Kan Xia Qi-bin
    2007, 35(4):  6-10. 
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    In order to improve the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by zeolite , NaCl aqueous solution was used to soak natural zeolite at different temperatures under ultrasonic radiation. The adsorption/ion-exchange isothems of ammonia nitrogen respectively on natural zeolite , American Champion zeolite , Taiwan' s AZOO zeolite and the modified zeolite were then measured by means of static adsorption , and the effects of pH value , baking temperature
    and soaking conditions on the adsorption were discussed. The results indicate that (1) the optimal pH value of so-lutions for the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen on the natural zeolite is 3~9; (2) the adsorption is mainly ascribed to the role of ion exchange; (3) the baking of zeolite at high temperature leads to a framework collapse due to the water loss in structural chains , thus increasing the average pore size , decreasing the specific surface area and wea-kening the adsorption and ion exchange capacities , and (4) the soaking by NaCl aqueous solution at 98℃ increa-ses the Na + content in zeolite and greatly improves the ion exchange capacity for ammonia nitrogen , which is higher than those of American Champion zeolite and Taiwan' s AZOO zeolite.

    Qiu Xue-qing Wang Bin Lou Hong-ming Yang Dong-jie
    2007, 35(4):  11-15. 
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    The graft sulfonation of acid precipitation lignin was carried out by introducing active groups to improve the sulphanating activity. The structure of the obtained graft sulfonation lignin was then investigated by IR , and the water reducing-performance strengthening ability was also discussed. The results show that (1) many sulfonic groups and phenylic hydroxyl groups are introduced into the graft sulfonation lignin , and the methoxyl groups are
    substituted by active groups , thus improving the activity of the produced lignin , (2) as to the two superplasticizers (MCL1 and MC12) prepared by mixing the graft sulfonation lignin with calcium lignosulfonate in the lignin con-tents of 70% and 60%,the fluidity of the cement paste with 0.6% combined products is more than 230mm when the water to cement ratio reaches 0.28 , and the initial setting time and final setting time of the cement paste with o. 8 % combined products are respectively 50~ 80 min and 6~ 7 h retarded; and (3) the water-reducing ratio of the mortar with 0.8% MCL1 is 25.5% , and the 7-day and 28-day compressive strength ratios are respectively 135% and 123%, which means that the water reducing-performance strengthening ability of the combined product is simi-lar to that of naphthalene series superplasticizer FDN.

    Yuan Wen Luo Yi-ke Li Li
    2007, 35(4):  16-19. 
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    The equilihrium relationship of the oxygen nonstoichiometry of perovskite-type ceramic memhrane is known to he related to the partial oxygen pressure and the temperature , and has proved to he critical to the applica-tions of the ceramic. In this paper , a perovskite-type La0. 1 Sr0.9 CO0.9 F e0. 1 O3-δ  oxide ceramic was synthesized by means of EDT A -citrate complex method , and the crystal structure and morphology of the produced ceramic powder were characterized hy TG/D5C , XRD and 5EM. The oxygen nostoichiometryδin the range of 0.33~ 0.51 was then ohtained hy TGA at 923 ~1223 K with the pressure varying from 0.101 Pa to 1.01 X 105 Pa. Moreover , a sim-plified semi -empirical equation was used to calculate the oxygen nostoichiometry , It was found that the equation ac-cords very well with the measured oxygen nonstoichiometry. Based on the semi-empirical equation , a model to pre-dict the oxygen permeation flux was finally ohtained , whose effectiveness was verified hy experiments.

    Liu Jun-min wang Run-he Hang Yi-ping Liao Shi-jun
    2007, 35(4):  20-24. 
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    A novel calix [ 4 ] arene-based f1uorescent chemosensor bearing 2-aminopyridine moiety and naphthalenic fluorphore was synthesized , and the chemical structure of the product was identified by FT-IR , MS-FAB , NMR and elemental analyses. Then , the properties and identification mechanism of the synthesized chemosensor were investi-gated.The results show that the chemosensor exhitits selective f1uorescent quenching in the presence of aromatic or-ganic acid in acetonitrile solution , and that the binding ability of the chemosensor with organic acid is in the order of p-cyanic-benzyl acid > p-chloric-benzyl acid > p-methoxyl-benzyl acid > benzyl acid.

    Zheng Xi-ming Tu Wei-ping
    2007, 35(4):  25-29,34. 
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    Molecularly-ünprinted polymeric microspheres (MIPM) were prepared via a one-step swelling and poly-merization method , with 2 ,4-dichloro-6, 7 -dimethoxyquinazoline (DCQAL) as the template molecule .The effects of the functional monomer , the molar ratio of the template molecule to the functional monomer, the crosslinker do-sage and the additive of adsorption solution on the recognition capabilities of MIPM were then investigated. The re-sults indicate that (1) the MIPM prepared using acidic functional monomers can fo.rm stronger hydrogen bond with basic DCQAL, thus resulting in good recognition capabilities for DCQAL, the separation factor is up to 1. 83 or 2. 02 when 4-chloro-6 ,7 -dimethoxyquinazoline or 2 ,3-dimethylquinoxaline is chosen as the competitive molecule; (2) an increase in the crosslinker dosage may enhance the stability of the imprinted cavity of MIPM and thus im-proves the recognition capabilities of MIPM; (3) when increasing the molar ratio of the template molecule to the functional monomer , more functional monomers can be regularly arranged in MIPM to achieve better recognition capabilities;and (4) the addition of a small quantity of triethylamine (less than 0. 1 %) to the adsorption solution can decrease the non-specific adsorption of MIPM , thus improving the recognition capabilities.

    Zhang Chang-hua Hu Jian-qing Tu Wei-ping
    2007, 35(4):  30-34. 
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    Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of G3. 5 and G4. 0 were synthesized by means of the divergent method. The effects of the dendrimer generation , the molar ratio of dendrimer to C02+ , the pH value of the solu-tion, the reaction time and the temperature on the interaction between polyamidoamine dendrimers and C02+ were then investigated. The results indicate that (1) the maximum absorption wavelength of PAMAMG4. 0/C02+ solution appears at 356 nmr,while the PAMAM G3.5/C02+ solution seldom shows light absorption in visibls spectrum,(2) the absorbency of PAMAM G4. 0/C02+  solution at 356nm increases when the molar ratio of PAMAM G4. 0 to C02+ changes from 1: 10 to 1: 30 , and the same phenomenon can be observed when increasing the reaction time , and ( 3) both the pH value of the solution and the reaction temperature greatly inf1uence the interaction between poly-amidoamine dendrimers and C02+  •

    Luo Zhi-gang Fu Xiong Luo Fa-xing Yu Shu-juan
    2007, 35(4):  35-38. 
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    Waxy maize starches wi出a moisture content. of 30% were treated with microwave radiation. The proper-ties of the native and the treated starches were then studied by using SEM , XRD , DSC and Brabender viscoamylo-graph.It is indicated that (1) after the radiation , the surfaces of the starches become porous with concavity; (2)microwave radiation enhances the X -ray intensities of the starches , decreases the swelling power , solubility , synere-sis and gelatinization enthalpy of the starches , and improves the gelatinization transition temperature and the corres-ponding range; and (3) the waxy maize starches treated by microwave is of an increased pasting temperature and a decreased viscosity with the viscosity pattem remains unchanged. The above-mentioned details reveal the interaction involving starch chains (amylose-amylose and amylose-amylopectin) in the amorphous and crystalline regions of the granules , which results in the fonnation of new crystallites with different stabilities and more ordered crystalline ar-ray in the starches.

    Xu Li-hong Zhang Ben-shan yang Lian-sheng Gao Da-wei
    2007, 35(4):  39-41,57. 
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    A method to prepare non-crystal granular starches from maize starch by alcoholic-alkaline treatment was reported. In the preparation , native starches were first treated with the mixture of ethanol and NaOH solution to swell starch granules. Next , the treated starches were neutralized. After being washed using ethanol solution with certain content , the starches were then dried to form non-crystal granular starches. The structural change of the product was finally observed by means of polarized microscope and XRD. It is concluded that non-crystal granular starches can be prepared by treating the starches in alcoholic-water separating system with alkaline in certain condi-tlons.

    Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology
    Yang Ning Zhao Mou-ming Cui Chun Zhang Gui-he yang Bao
    2007, 35(4):  42-45. 
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    The separation , purification and concentration of the polysaccharides from Opuntia monαcαnthαHaw.were carried out via membrane ultrafitration using the membranes with different cut-off molecular masses. The effects of several parameters such as the pressure , the temperature , the purification time , the flow rate and the con-centration multiple on the ultrafiltration process were then investigated. The optimal conditions for the ultrafiltration were finally determined. It is found that , for the membrane with a cut-off molecular mass of 10 000 ku , when the pressure , the temperature , the flow rate and the concentration multiple are respectively0. 20 MPa , 25℃ , 0. 04-0.05 Umin and 5 -7 , a yield of crude polysaccharides of 0.95%can be reached. Moreover , as compared with the traditional vacuum concentration , membrane ultrafiltration is easier to obtain high-quality crude polysaccharides with a higher yield , which is helpful to the further extraction and purification of polysaccharides in the subsequent process.

    Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
    Zhao Zhen-gang Chen Shan Lu Jia-jiong Yu Shu-juan
    2007, 35(4):  46-51. 
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    In order to obtain curdlan with high purity , a new technology named Cyclic Ultrafiltration-Solvating-Out Crystallization (CUSOC) was developed to separate and purify crude curdlan. This technology coupled a fractional ultrafiltration separation system as well as two portions (is 30 -100 ku , more than 100 ku) , with the solvating-out crystallization , by which curdlan with the purities of 96. 5 % and 93. 3 % , were obtained. The composition of CUD3
    obtained with 100ku membrane was then preliminarily analyzed. The results show that , in the CUSOC process , the rejection rates are all up to 95 % when using 30 ku and 100 ku membrane , and the total recoveηof polysaccharides in the whole process reaches about 93. 10%. It is also indicated by UV spectrum and paper chromatography that most pigment and nucleic acid impurity can be effectively removed in the process of CUSOC , and that the hydrolysis of CUD3 is a mono-ingredient only composed of glucose. Moreover , the IR spectrum reveals that CUD3 possess a β-D- glycoside linkage.

    Han Guang-ze Chen Ming-dong Guo Ping-sheng Li Shao-xin
    2007, 35(4):  52-57. 
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    The absorption coefficient and absorption power density of microwave are two important physical quanti-ties to estimate the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction. The former demonstrates the total proportion of mi-crowave energy absorbed by the solution , and the latter represents the conversion strength of thermal energy from microwave energy at any space point in the solution. In this paper , on the basis of the propagation law of micro-wave, an expression of absorption coefficient is derived as a function of solution permittivity. Then , according to the interaction between. microwave and solution , an analytical expression of absorption power density is also derived ,which is a function of the permittivity and the space coordinates. The two proposed expressions provide theoretical guidance for the selection of solvents in microwave-assisted extraction and the selection of microwave frequency in a specified solution.

    Hu Song-qing Li Lin Chen Ling Hou Yi
    2007, 35(4):  58-61. 
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    Thermal effect is one of major mechanisms for the interactions between power ultrasound and liquid media. In order to reveal the temperature variation of solution irradiated by power ultrasound in an open system , a differential equation describing the heat balance during the ultrasound propagation through the liquid was founded and solved based on the principles of ultrasonic energy absorption and heat transfer , and a mathematical model de-scribing the solution temperature was derived according to the ultrasonic parameters and the solution features. More-over, experiments were performed to reveal the temperature variation of phosphate solution irradiated by the ultra-sound with various intensities , and the temperature model for the same solution irradiated by ultrasonic was united ,with the parameters of the model being also determined. Tested results show that the equation describing the tem-perature of bulk solution , which is derived from the ultrasonic intensity and the duration of ultrasound irradiating ,fits well with the experimental data.

    Xie Cai-feng Qiu Tai-qiu Lu Hai-qin Yang Lian-sheng
    2007, 35(4):  62-66. 
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    In order to reveal the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology of calcium carbonate and the corresponding mechanism , calcium carbonate solutions with various degrees of supersaturation were treated using a self-devised ultrasonic equipment (40 kHz , O. 88 W / cm2). The morphology and size of the calcium carbonate cry-stal with ultrasonic irradiation were then compared with those of the CIγstal without radiation. The results indicate that (1) the microcosmic energy generated by cavitation effect in the supersaturated solution accelerates the forma-tion of crystal nuclei , decreases the supersaturation degree of solution and changes the morphology of the crystal ,( 2) a large number of calcium carbonate crystaIs exist in the form of aragonite while little in the form of calcite,and the crystals suspend in the solution for a long time , and (3) the mechanical effect of ultrasonic has little effect on the morphology of calcium carbonate crystal.

    Zhou Shao-ji Guo Si-yuan Li Lin
    2007, 35(4):  67-71. 
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    A novel rapid sett1ing clarifier with corrugated inclined trough was introduced in this paper. The vortex flow inside the inclined trough was theoretically analyzed , and a formula was deduced to determine the flocculation rate caused hy the vortex flow. Then , an experiment was performed to investigate the floccul ation regularity of sus-pension flowing through the trough. Moreover , a model that accords with the flocculation was regressed with the ex-perimental data. The variation of the flocculation constant with the flow velocity and the effect of flocculation on the compressihility of the flocs were finally discussed. It is found that , at a flow velocity of less than 30 mm/s , the measured mean flocculation constant reaches 0.00224.

    Hu Yun-fei Shen Hui Liu Xi-yun Guo Zhi-qiu Liu Zheng-yi
    2007, 35(4):  72-76. 
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    Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films solar cells have been one of the thin-film solar cells with the greatest development potential. In the development of poly-Si thin-film solar cells , a key point is to fast deposit large and high-quality poly-Si thin films. Iri this paper , poly-Si thin films with large grains were prepared via the Rapid Thermal-Chemical Vapor Deposition (RTCVD) , with SiHC13 as the silicon source and B2H6 as the doping
    gas. Thin films with a thickness of 30 - 40μm and a deposition rate of 3 - 7μm/min were thus obtained. The effect of deposition temperature on the growth rate of the film and the microstructure of the crystal was then investigated. It is concluded that , with the increase in deposition temperature from 900 to 1170℃ , the average growth rate ap-proximately exhibits a monotonous increase , the average crystal size increases from less than 3μm at 900℃ to more than 30μm at 1170℃, and the deposition is controlled by the surface reaction mechanism. Moreover , the poly-Si thin films tend to grow in [220] direction at low temperature while in [111] preferred orientation when the tem-perature reaches 1170℃ .

    Zhou Shui-hong Deng Xian-he Wang Yang-jun Li Zhi-wu
    2007, 35(4):  77-81. 
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    The flow and heat-transfer characteristics of a new type of heat-transfer enhancement element , namely , the twisted tape as the tube bundle support , are analyzed. A shell-side periodic unit channel model is developed to conduct the numerical simulation and experimental investigation of the heat transfer enhanced with smooth tube bun-dle supports. The RNG κ-ε two-equation turbulent model is then adopted to simulate the fluid and temperature fields in a unit channel. In the simulation , the SIMPLEC algorithm is used to solve the coupling between the pre-ssure and the velocity , and an enhanced wall treatment is employed to solve the near-wall flow and heat transfer. Moreover , the integrated thermal performances of both the ring and the twisted-tape supports are compared. The re-sults demonstrate that (1) the twisted tape produces a helical flow , which results in the disruption of the continuous and stable fluid and enhances the heat transfer effectively , (2) the two types of twisted-tape supports have better heat-transfer enhancement and more pressure drop than the ring support , (3) the integrated thermal performance of the ring support is stronger than those of the twisted tapes with small twist ratio because the latter have a higher forrn-pressure drop , and (4) the structural parameters of twisted tapes show crucial influence on their thermal per-forrnance.

    Wu Xiao-dan Peng Yu-cheng Cai Ye-bin
    2007, 35(4):  82-85,90. 
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    In order to obtain microcellular plastic , the factors that affect the formation of supercritical dioxide/poly-styrene single-phase solution in extrusion foaming were investigated. The effects of the position of gas injection , the screw structure , the system temperature and pressure on the single-phase solution were then discussed. Experimen-tal results indicate that (1) the position of gas injection in the axial direction seriously affects the stability of gas in-jection , (2) more ports in the radial direction and low gas temperature help to form high-quality single-phase solu-tion , (3) the quality of the single-phase solution decrease with the increase in the rotational speed of screw , and ( 4) higher pressure and lower temperature of the solution is helpful to the ensurence of single-phase solution pro-duct quality. Also , the ideal conditions for the formation of high-quality single-phase solution of supercritical di-oxide/polystyrene in extrusion foaming were presented in this paper.

    Ren Jun-li Sun Run-cang Liu Chuan-fu Zhang Ai-ping He Bei-hai Lin Lu
    2007, 35(4):  86-90. 
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    A kind of cationic polymer was synthesized by means of quaternization , with sugarcane bagasse hemicel-luloses as the raw material , 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimthylammonium chloride as the cationic reagent and etha-noVwater mixture as the reaction system. By optimizing the synthesizing conditions , a series of soluble cationic hemicelluloses with the degree of substitution from 0. 002 to 0. 02 were prepared. The structure of the modified hemicelluloses was then examined by means of FT -IR and 13 CNMR , and the relative molecular masses of the hemi-celluloses before and after the modification were measured by means of GPC , revealing a decreased relative molecu-lar mass after the modification. The thermal stabilities of the hemicelluloses before and after the modification were finally studied by using a simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results show that the thermal stability of the modified hemicelluloses decreases.

    Biology Science
    Fαn Xiao-dan Guo Yong Liu liu
    2007, 35(4):  91-94. 
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    In order to obtain pure fibrinolytic enzyme and reveal the enzymatic properties , a fibrinolytic enzyme-producing strain with high fibrinolytic activity was screened form Douchi , a traditional Chinese soybean food and was identified as Bαcillus subtilis. The mutant DC-12N8 of the strain was then processed in the following procedure:centrifugal sterilization , fractional sedimentation with ammonium sulfate , DEAEδepharose Fast Flow and CM-Seph-arose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography , Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration. Thus , a kind of fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from Douchi. As compared with the crude enzyme extraction , the specific activity of the purified en-zyme increases by 52. 6 folds with a recovery of 11. 7 % , and 4. 5 mg of active enzyme protein with an activity of 1. 18 mol/s can be obtained from 1 L of fermentation liquid. SDS-PAGE results show that the purified enzyme is a kind of single-train protein with a molecular mass of 28 ku.

    Gui Lin Li Lin Hu Song-qing Chen Ling Liu Guo-qin
    2007, 35(4):  95-99. 
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    The aim of this paper is to investigate the technique and influence factors of membrane crystallization in lysozyme solution. In the investigation , the supersaturation of lysozyme solution was achieved by removing the sol-vent from the solution via ultrafïltration , and lysozyme crystals were formed in the presence of precipitant. Then ,optical microscopy , SEM and IR were adopted to determine and analyze the obtained crystals. The results show that
    the largest crystal with a size of O. 20 mm can be obtained with a NaCl content of 5% and a solution flow rate of 1000μrn/ s in the tangential flow ultrafiltration based on hydrophobic PES ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 5 ku , and that the obtained crystals possess good structure suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis.

    Electronics, Communication & Automation Technology
    Zhu Chuan-he He Ya-nan Du Lian-xiang Lu Fu-pin
    2007, 35(4):  100-104,116. 
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    In order to screen high-yield avilamycin-producing strain , a scheme of "random NTG mutation + glycine and 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant rational screening" was proposed after investigating the metabolism of glucose and ammonium by Streptomyces viridocbromogenes 96 (SV -96). A glycine and 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant mutant (SV-GT-596) with high yield was then obtained. It is found that SV -GT -596 strain is of good transmissibility, and that ,by using the strain , the yield of avilamycin reaches 56. 4 mg/L, which is 62. 3 % more than the initial yield by flake fermentation. Experimental results also indicate that the rational screening overcomes the blindness of random screening and improves the screening efficiency.

    Biology Science
    Xu Xiao -feng He Bei-ha Xu Li-li Shi Hai-qiang Lin Lu
    2007, 35(4):  105-111. 
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    In order to evaluate the capability of lignin degradation and pitch elimination from Masson pine chips by nature white-rot fungi , 20 white-rot fungus strains were obtained by petri dishes screening and petri dishes color-re-action screening. One G strain with the lowest MyceVCol value was then inoculated onto the surface of Masson pine chip , and the degradation rates of lignin and pitch were measured after 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 days , respectively. The results indicate that , with the increase in inoculation time , the losing rate of wood mass and the elimination of methylene chloride extractive gradually increase , while the contents of Klason lignin and the totallignin decrease. It is also in-dicated by SEM that there exist obvious moldy grooves on the cell walls of Masson pine chip. Moreover , the results of the cross-sectional slice-up study show that hypha develops on the cell walls and the intercellular layers.

    Zheng Ren-wei Liu Peng Lu Xia-mei Xu Gen-di Cai Miao-zhen
    2007, 35(4):  112-116. 
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    Aluminum toxicity is known as an important factor that affects the growth of crops in acid soil. The in-vestigation into the Al in biological samples is helpful to reveal the form and transportation of Al in crops. In this paper , the nondestructive 27AlNMR with high accuracy is adopted to analyze the forms of Al in the roots , stems and leaves of soybean (Glycine mαx) cv Huanchun No. 18. The results show that (1) the Al in soybean roots is mainly
    chelated to malate and citrate in the forms of Al-malate (1: 3) and Al-citrate (1: 1) complexes , whose chemical shifts are respectively 11. 16 and -0.38 , (2) no Al-organic acid complexes are found in soybean stems or leaves , and (3) the dissoluble Al in soybean roots , stems and leaves mainly exists in the form of [AI04 Al12(OH)24 (H20) 12] ,whose chemical shift is 63.2.

    Zhao Xuan Zhao Shu-jin
    2007, 35(4):  117-122,133. 
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    174 samples of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour. ) Spreng. in nine populations were collected from Guangdong ,Guangxi , Hainan and Yunnan , China. Ten morphologic characteristics of these samples were then detennined , and the corresponding variance , correlation and cluster analyses were carried out. By using a mean Euclidean distance coefficient of 10 , Aquilaria sinensis (Lour. ) Spreng. was finally clustered into four groups. The results of variance analysis show that there is significant difference in morphologic characteristics within or hetween the populations ,and that the value of F is 6.520 - 13. 867 hetween the populations and 24.033 - 94.081 within the populations ,respectively. The mean variance portion within the populations , namely 52. 62%, demonstrates that the variation within the populations is mainly due to the phenotypic variation. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient ,namely 33. 38%, means that the diversity within the populations is higher than that hetween the populations. The multiple comparisons indicate that there is no significant difference in the variance coefficient and the relative range hetween the populations. Moreover , it is found that , among all geographic factors , altitude is the most important factor that affects the morphologic characteristics , followed hy the mean annual temperature and the annual precipitation.

    Food Science & Technology
    Li Hua Yuan Chun-long Shen Jie
    2007, 35(4):  123-126. 
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    Grape seeds are of very high nutritional and medicinal value. In order to make good use of the functional compounds in grape seeds , the processing technology of grape seeds including washing , drying , sterilizing , freezing and superfine grinding was investigated. An optimal processing procedure for superfine grinding was then determined, i. e. , dying the seeds at 40℃ for 2 h→freezing the seeds at - 20℃for 30 min→microcrystalline cellulose in a content of 40 g/kg→mixing and grinding the seeds for 25 min. Thus , superfine grinds of grape seeds with a diameter of 2. 5 - 22. 5 f.Lm and an average diameter of 6. 2μm were obtained. As the diameter of grape seed cell is 15. 0 - 32. 5μm and is 24.9μm on an average , it can be determined that the cell walls are totally broken.

    Upul Marαpana Jiang BO Yoshinori Mine
    2007, 35(4):  127-133. 
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    The changes of rheology , texture and color of minced pork after the cooking respectively in water hath ,retort and microwave were tested , hased on which the effects of muscle protein and transglutaminase (MTGase)contents on the gel properties of minced pork were then investigated. The results show that (1) the minced pork with different cooking methods exhihits different colors and textures in the presence of MTGase and muscle protein;( 2) the texture of minced pork cooked in water hath is more elastic than that in retort or microwave j and (3) the addition of MTGase improves the storage modulus G' of minced pork. It is thus concluded that MTGase significantly affects the rheology , texture and color of minced pork , with the effectiveness depending on cooking methods

    Li Ke-de Zeng Qing-xiao Huang Guo-hong
    2007, 35(4):  134-138. 
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    In order to improve the utilization of beer yeast and flavor the beer yeast extract , a method combined the autolysis with the enzyme hydrolysis was employed to produce beer yeast extract , and the Maillard reaction was used to flavor the extract. The results show that the autolysis combined with enzyme hydrolysis is an ideal method to produce beer yeast extract , by which an extraction rate of 68.6% and a protein utilization rate of 87.3% are respectively achieved , and the contents of the total nitrogen and dissociated amino nitrogen reach 10.6% and 4. 3% , respectively. The results also reveal an optimized procedure of Maillard reaction , i. e. , adding 3 % ribose , 2% methionine and 1 % VBl in the solution of 50% beer yeast extract , and adjusting the pH value to 7.5 , then carrying out the reaction at 105℃ for 2 h. The cell wall of the yeast after the enzyme hydrolysis can be used to produce β-glucan with high activity. After the Mai1lard reaction , the flavor of the extract has been greatly improved.

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