Table of Content

25 March 2013, Volume 41 Issue 3

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Computer Science & Technology

Virtualization and Servitization of Cloud Manufacturing Resources

Yao Xi-fan Jin Hong Xu Chuan Zhu Jun

2013, 41(3):  1-7.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.001

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In order to fully describe the properties of cloud manufacturing resources and implement the mapping and transformation of physical resources to virtual ones,the service architecture of cloud manufacturing as well as the characteristics and categories of manufacturing resources is taken into consideration,and the virtualization principles of cloud manufacturing resources,such as the systematicness,the pertinence,the adaptability,the expansibility,the interface uniformity and the dynamism,are pointed out.Then,manufacturing equipment resources are exemplified to characterize the model,and a template for resource virtualization is presented by extending the Java class in open source software CloudSim.Finally,by taking a part machining service as an example,the virtualized manufacturing resources are unified as cloud services by using the open source software Tuscany SCA,and the cloud services are registered in the service registry center for the discovery and invoking of cloud manufacturing resources by users.

Evaluation of Image Scrambling Degree Based on Block Information Entropy Variance

Jin Jian-xiu Zheng Yi-feng Li Xu-qiong

2013, 41(3):  8-14.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.002

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In this paper,by combining the information entropy with the image blocking,an evaluation method of image scrambling degree based on block information entropy variance is proposed.The basic principle of the evaluation method is elaborated,and some simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate and analyze the degrees of the pixe llocation scrambling based on the Arnold transformation,the pixel gray value scrambling based on the Logistic chaotic mapping and the Arnold-Logistic cascaded pixel location and grays crambling,respectively.The results show that the proposed method is correct and effective in evaluating the image scrambling degree.Moreover,further experiments on different images encrypted by the same algorithm show that the proposed method is suitable for the security evaluation of encryption algorithms because it helps to obtain evaluation results independent of primary images,and that the method is simple in principle,easy in realization and convenient in usage due to the non-engagement of primary images in the evaluation process.

Parallel Multi-Traceroute Topology Discovery Algorithm for IPv6 Network

Dong Shou-ling Lin Xiang-xin Li Jia

2013, 41(3):  15-21,34.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.003

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As the classic Traceroute6 topology discovery method based on source routing mechanism is inefficientand time-consuming during its usage in IPv6 network,a parallel multi-traceroute ( PMT) discovery algorithm ispresented,which compresses the large probing space through several rules and changes the sending and receivingmode of ICMP packets.The accuracy,integrity and efficiency of PMT algorithm is then tested in the campus networkof South China University of Technology and is finally compared with classic Traceroute algorithm.It is foundfrom tests that the results of PMT algorithm accord well with the real network,that the source routing mechanismplays a good supplementary role in the improvement of topology accuracy and integrity,and that,as compared withthe classic Traceroute algorithm,the proposed PMT algorithm decreases the average detection time by 89%,whichmeans that it is suitable for the IPv6 topology discovery in campus networks.

T-tree: Main Memory Database Indexing on Graphics Processing Unit

Liu Yong Xi Jian-qing Huang Dong-ping Jia Lian-yin Miao De-cheng

2013, 41(3):  22-28.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.004

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In order to improve the operation performance of T-tree,a main memory database indexing,a lock-freeparallel computing scheme for T-tree on the graphics processing unit ( GPU) is proposed.By analyzing the parentchildrelationship of balanced tree structure,a T-tree with m nodes is constructed with n separate threads in a parallelmode on GPG platform.Thus,a T-tree with the maximum parallelism degree is successfully constructed.Then,in orderto verify the correctness of the proposed scheme,a T-tree traversal algorithm with stacking on GPU platform isproposed.Moreover,different schemes of constructing T-tree on different platforms are analyzed and the data transmissionbetween CPU and GPU is optimized by means of memory pinning.The result of experiments on different platformsshow that,as compared with the conventional CPU-based schemes,the proposed scheme obtains about 12 timesbatch creating and 8 times batch inserting of T-tree.

Genetic Algorithm of Distance Matrix Remodeling for Solving theSecond Kind of GTSP

Tan Yang Hao Zhi-feng Huang Han Zhao Sen

2013, 41(3):  29-34.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.005

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Considering the lack of solving methods and the high computation complexity of the existing methods ofthe second kind of GTSP ( Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem) ,an algorithm to remodel the distance matrix ispresented by analyzing the characters of distance matrix,which converts the second kind of GTSP into the firstkind,and then solves the converted first kind of GTSP by using the hybrid-chromosome genetic algorithm.Thus,the second kind of GTSP is successfully solved in an indirect mode.The results indicate that the conversion increasesthe solution accuracy and decreases the computation complexity significantly.Moreover,according to the testedresults of the second kind of GTSP composed of 14 benchmark problems from the TSPLIB,it is found that the proposedalgorithm is effective.

Architecture & Civil Engineering

Assessment of Seismic Performances of Overrun SRCFrame-Supported Shear Wall Structure

Yang Chun Li Guang-xing Wu Yi Chen Liang-xing Zhang Chun-mei

2013, 41(3):  35-42.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.006

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The dynamic time history and push-over analyses of SRC ( Steel-Reinforced Concrete) frame-supportedshear wall structures with and without viscous dampers were carried out to obtain the seismic demand and capacitycurves,and the seismic performances of the structures were evaluated and the expected performance objects wereverified.Then,by analyzing the distribution and development of plastic hinges,the failure mechanism of the structureswas investigated.The results show that viscous dampers effectively decrease the seismic responses of the structures,that the peak displacement and the maximum inter-story drift angle of the structures respectively decrease by35% and 38% under earthquake actions with different intensities,that the seismic demand of the structure withviscous dampers decreases by 14% to 54%,that beam hinge failure is dominant in the structure fai-lure,and thatmost of transfer components and shear walls are still kept in weakly nonlinear state when the structure fails.Thus,the seismic performance object,namely transfer components and shear walls at the transfer and refuge stories are inelastic state under medium earthquake actions,is achieved.

Seismic Performances of Masonry Walls Strengthened with BasaltFiber-Reinforced Polymer

Lei Zhen Zhou De-yuan Wang Ji-bing

2013, 41(3):  43-49,75.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.007

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This paper deals with the strengthening effect of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer ( BFRP) for masonrywalls based on the low-cyclic loading tests of masonry walls before and after the strengthening in a mixed configuration.In the investigation,first,the effects of reinforcement amount and pre-damage condition before the strengtheningon the seismic performances of masonry walls are discussed.Then,the ultimate bearing capacity,ultimatedrift,hysteresis and skeleton curves,stiffness degradation and BFRP strain of different strengthened walls are comparedand analyzed.The results show that the strengthening with BFRP helps to improve the ultimate bearing capacityand seismic performances of masonry walls,that the strengthened specimens exhibit a flexural-dominant failuremode,with the compressive strength of masonry being the main controlling factor of the shear capacity of thestrengthened walls,and that the degradations of bearing capacity and stiffness of BFRP-strengthened masonry wallsare both significantly postponed.

Measurement and Analysis of Subway-Induced Vibration of Buildingwith Vibration Isolation Using Continuous Concrete Wall

Lou Meng-lin Jia Bao-yin Zong Gang Shan Tao-tao

2013, 41(3):  50-62.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.008

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Field measurements were conducted on the ground and the basement floor of a building with undergroundcontinuous wall to investigate the subway-induced vibration.Then,the changes of acceleration peak attenuationrate,Fourier spectrum,Hilbert marginal spectrum and vibration level were analyzed according to the data obtainedat the related measuring points.Finally,the vibration isolation effect of the continuous underground wall and the vibrationattenuation on each floor of the basement wall with vibration isolation were discussed.The results show thatthe vibration isolation effect of continuous wall is obvious in horizontal direction but is rare in vertical direction,thatthe degree of horizontal vibration attenuation increases with the depth of underground construction,that the verticalvibration attenuation is obvious on each layer of the basement,that the vibration levels in the three directions all increasewith the center frequency,and that the attenuation degree of horizontal vibration level increases with thedepth of underground construction.

Variation of Moisture Distribution in Different Zones of Concrete inMarine Environment

Ji Yong-sheng Ma Hui-rong Jiang Jian-hua Wang Zhi-long Zeng Ping

2013, 41(3):  63-69.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.009

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In this paper,the variation mechanism of moisture distribution in concrete during the drying-wettingcycle was analyzed,and an experiment system for the marine environment simulation was constructed and is used toinvestigate the variation of moisture distribution in different zones of marine concrete along the elevated altitude.The results show that the moisture transport-influencing depth and the stable moisture content are dependent on thezones of concrete,that the moisture content distribution in concrete in stable marine atmosphere environment is relativelyuniform,with a moisture transport-influencing depth of 0 and a corresponding stable moisture content equalingthe equilibrium value,that the moisture transport-influencing depth of the concrete fully submerged in water isalso zero but the corresponding stable moisture content is equal to the saturation value,that there is a spatial distributionof the moisture transport-influencing depth of the splash zone subjected to cyclic drying and wetting,with astable moisture content of the concrete equaling the ambient equilibrium value,and that,in the tidal zone subjectedto cyclic drying and wetting,the stable moisture content varies between the saturation and the equilibrium moisturecontents and increases inversely with the elevation,while the moisture transport-influencing depth increases positivelywith the elevation and reaches its peak value in the boundary of the splash and the tidal zones,namely the topwater line of tidal zone,which means that the top water line is the key region of durability design and maintenanceof concrete structures because moisture transports to the concrete with the highest speed in this region.

Real-Time Reliability Forecast of Bridge Structures Based on Multiple BDLMs

Fan Xue-ping Lü Da-gang

2013, 41(3):  70-75.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.010

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Based on the monitored extreme stress of bridges,a combinational forecasting model of extreme stress isconstructed with the Bayesian dynamic linear model ( BDLM) .Then,the proposed model is used to forecast thestructural reliability indices in real time.Moreover,a project case is provided to analyze the forecasting precisionsof the combinational forecasting model and the existing single forecasting models.The results show that,though theproposed model is of an one-step forecasting value close to that of the single forecasting models and the mean pointforecasting model,it is of higher forecasting precision,and that,as compared with the deterministic reliability indicesfor extreme stress monitoring,the combinational forecasting model fully considers the uncertainty and randomnessof monitored stress and helps to obtain smaller reliability indices,so that it is more effective in forecasting thestructural safety.

BIM-based Design of Structural Working Drawing

Wang Yong Zhang Jian-ping

2013, 41(3):  76-82.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.011

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This paper introduces the BIM ( Building Information Modeling) technology in the design of structuralworking drawing to overcome the bottleneck of the structural design.In the investigation,first,the BIM data requirementsand description methods are discussed.Then,a BIM model for structural design is established based onthe IFC ( Industry Foundation Classes) and is verified by using a BIM-based prototype system for structural drawingdesign in a test project.The results show that the BIM-based design of structural working drawing is the developmenttrend of structural design in China because it can improve the efficiency and quality of structural design greatly,and that the BIM-based structural design needs a series of BIM software to work cooperatively and is not a maturetechnology due to the existence of technical and social obstacles,so that the promotion by all social parts are necessary.

Effect of Form Asymmetry of Gymnasium on Natural Ventilation and Thermal Comfort of Exercise Site

Li Jin

2013, 41(3):  83-89,107.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.012

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In order to increase the indoor air change rate of gymnasiums and improve the thermal comfort of exercisesites under natural ventilation condition in hot and humid regions,by taking Guangzhou as an example,the symmetricaland unsymmetrical models,as well as the unsymmetrical model with corbel table of a gymnasium are simulatedand calculated with Fluent and other software.The results indicate that,in the same external condition,theunsymmetrical models with and without corbel table are both more effective in increasing the wind velocity of theexercise site and the integral air change rate of the gymnasium than the symmetrical model,especially the former.Moreover,based on the unsymmetrical model with corbel table,window-opening ventilation strategies for sportscompetition are further put forward,and the influences of natural ventilation on the thermal comfort of the exercisesite in different form models and use modes are discussed.

Mechanical Engineering

Deformation Mechanism of Nano /Ultrafine Grained Cylindrical Parts Fabricated by Power Spinning

Yang Bao-jian Xia Qin-xiang Cheng Xiu-quan Xiao Gang-feng

2013, 41(3):  90-94.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.013

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In order to explore the formation mechanism of nano /ultrafine grains during the power spinning of nano /ultrafine grained cylindrical parts,the body-centered cubic steel 20 with high stacking fault energy was taken as theresearch objective,and the metal flow mechanism during the strong stagger spinning was qualitatively and quantitativelyinvestigated by analyzing the fan-shaped plastic flow field in the section and surface of the deformation area ofsteel 20.Then,the evolution of grain morphology of steel F + P during the severe shear deformation caused by powerspinning was discussed by means of metallographic analysis and TEM.The results show that,like other severeplastic deformation technologies,power spinning results in the stretching of isometric crystals in axial direction withthe increasing thinning ratio of wall thickness,which helps to form cold deformation texture with certain orientationdegree and to further generate tiny isometric ferritic 600 nm grains during the annealing at 580℃ for 1 hour.

Flow Field Design and Experimental Investigation of Radial Electrochemical Machining of Blisk Channels

Sun Lun-ye Xu Zheng-yang Zhu Di

2013, 41(3):  95-100.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.014

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Rational design of a flow field is a necessary precondition for the implementation of electrochemical machining.In order to implement the electrochemical machining of blisk channels in a full range,a radial feeding techniquewas applied to the electrochemical machining of a type of blisk. In the investigation,first,a new controllablesymmetric flow field of electrolyte was designed.Then,a finite element model of the flow field was constructed tosimulate the electrolyte flow. Finally,some electrochemical machining experiments were carried out to verify the rationalityof the designed flow field. The results show that,after the application of the controllable symmetric flowfield,the surface roughness of the blisk wheel hub decreases from 2.450 μm to 0.154 μm,the repeat accuracy ofwheel hub is less than 0.07mm,and the repeat accuracies of concave and convex airfoils are both less than 0.17mm,which means that the new flow field is well designed and is effective in improving the machining quality as well asthe machining stability and consistency of wheel hub.

Effects of Texture Slip Surface on Tribological Performances of Slider Bearing

Lin Qi-yin Wei Zheng-ying Wang Ning Chen Wei

2013, 41(3):  101-107.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.015

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In order to reveal the effects of surface texture on the tribological performances of bearings for the microtextureoptimization design,the velocity slip boundary was used to characterize the comprehensive effect of the macroscopic/microscopic interaction and was applied to bearing surfaces with controlled micro-patterns or textures.Then,the effects of such macroscopic parameters as the surface texture location and area on the friction force andthe load-carrying capacity of slider bearing were investigated. Theoretical analysis results show that surface texture,especially the texture with larger area,may decrease the friction force,that the drag reduction is independent of thelocation of surface texture at low speeds,but at high speeds is more significant when the surface texture is locatednear the outlet,that the surface texture location,especially the dimensionless locations of the starting and theending points of the textured region,significantly influences the load-carrying capacity in a complex mode,thatfully-textured surface may significantly decrease the load-carrying capacity,that a surface texture near the inlethelps to improve the load-carrying capacity,while a surface texture near the outlet may decrease the load-carryingcapacity. All these above-mentioned statements indicate that a well-designed surface texture may significantlyimprove the tribological performances of bearings.

Influence Law of Varying Parameters on Buckling Bearing Capacity of Simply-Supported Skew Plates

Fu Wei-gang Cheng Wen-ming Pu De-zhang Zheng Yan

2013, 41(3):  108-115.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.016

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In order to overcome the local buckling instability of skew plates in box girder,the equations of momentof simply-supported edges in oblique coordinate system and the buckling differential governing equations of skewplates subjected to longitudinal in-plane loads are deduced.Then,by combining the harmonic differential quadraturemethod with the build-in method,a novel method to implement the critical buckling stability of simply-supportedskew plates is proposed. Moreover,by taking the skew plates subjected to uniaxial pressure or shear force as astudy sample,the influences of load-varying coefficient,aspect ratio and skew angle on the critical bulking load areinvestigated. The results show that,when the simply-supported skew plates are subjected to uniaxial pressure,thecritical buckling load increases with the increase of load-varying coefficient and with the decrease of skew angle,however,it undergoes a decrease during its increase with the aspect ratio. Moreover,it is found that,when theskew plates are subjected to shear force,the critical buckling load increases with the aspect ratio,and that it firstdecreases and then increases with the increase of skew angle.

Intelligent Positioning Algorithm of Solder Joints Based on Color Features

Xie Hong-wei Zhang Kun Kuang Yong-cong Zhang Xian-min Pei Hai-long

2013, 41(3):  116-121,128.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.017

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In order to improve the automation degree of solder joint positioning by using the existing automatic opticalinspection systems,an intelligent positioning algorithm based on color features is proposed.In this algorithm,theinitial color thresholds of solar joint segmentation are calculated by statistically analyzing the gray histograms of solderjoint regions,and a minimum pixel loss method is used to correct the initial thresholds and to further obtain theoptimal threshold.Thus,the solder joint color is automatically extracted.Moreover,during the positioning,the imagesof solder joints are binarized with the obtained threshold,and the optical location of solder joints are fastsearched by using the optimized maximum area method.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm iseffective because it helps to obtain properly-extracted solder joint images with small positioning error and high positioningspeed that meets the practical application requirements well.

Scheduling Algorithm of Multi-Manipulator Manufacturing Cells with Residency Constraints

Wang Zhu Zhou Bing-hai

2013, 41(3):  122-128.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.018

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In order to effectively schedule multi-manipulator manufacturing cells with residency constraints and differentproduct types,a bottleneck-based push-pull algorithm is presented. In the investigation,first,the problemdomain of the manufacturing cell scheduling is discussed. Next,the mathematical models with a scheduling objectiveof minimum system Makespan are established. Then,based on these models,a heuristic scheduling algorithmbounded by the bottleneck workstation is proposed to optimize manipulator movements by adopting backtracking andrecursive methods and to reduce the residency time on workstations. By combining with the time buffer concept onthe shared workstations,the push-pull algorithm helps to implement robot conflict-free and deadlock-free at thesame time. Finally,the bottleneck-based push-pull algorithm is verified and is compared with the conventional pullalgorithm through simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can implement the scheduling ofmulti-manipulator manufacturing cell with residency constraints and different product types,and has a better performancethan pull algorithm.

Chemistry & Chemical Engineering

Effect of Reaction Time on Photocatalytic Performance of ZnIn₂S₄ for Hydrogen Production

Yuan Wen-Hui Liu Xiao-Chen Li Li

2013, 41(3):  129-134.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.019

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Photocatalyst ZnIn₂S₄ was synthesized via the solvothermal method without templates,catalysts and surfactants,and the as-synthesized samples were characterized by means of XRD,SEM,EDS,XPS and UV-vis.Moreover,the effects of reaction time on the crystal structure,morphology,optical properties and photocatalyticactivity of ZnIn₂S₄ samples were discussed. The results indicate that ZnIn₂S₄ microspheres are composed of numerousnanosheets and present petaloid structure,and that,with the decrease of reaction time,the crystallite graduallyenlarges,the stability of the samples improves and the hydrogen production rate increases. However,with theincrease of reaction time,the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn₂S₄ decreases. In addition,after a solvothermal procedurefor 1h,the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn₂S₄ achieves the maximum and the hydrogen production rate is up to745.8 μmol /( h·g) .

Layered Fe /K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀Photocatalysts Modified with NiO_x for Hydrogen Production

Wu Jun-rong Lin Wei-ming Chen Sheng-zhou Zou Han-bo

2013, 41(3):  135-141,146.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.020

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A novel kind of photocatalyst,namely NiO_x-loading Fe /K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀,was prepared by means of sol-gelmethod and impregnation method,and the photocatalytic activity of the product for hydrogen generation from watersplitting was investigated. Then,the photocatalyst samples were characterized and analyzed by means of SEM,XRD,UV-vis DRS and XPS. The results show that the prepared catalysts with layered structure are sensitive to visiblelight,and that,after the loading of NiO_x,the photocatalytic activity increases to 477.3 μmol /g ( calculated asthe hydrogen production after 6 hours of accumulation) ,the band-edge absorption value has a blue shift,the directforbidden gap widens and the redox ability of electron-hole pairs improves. Moreover,as for the photoca-talyticmechanism,lanthanum in the compound serves as the main electron donor,the loading of NiO_x provides addedactive sites for reactant adsorbing,and the NiO groups on the surface produce captures of free electrons,thus promotingthe reduction of H⁺ on the catalyst surface.With this action,the reduced nickel in bulk produces capturesof photo-induced electrons and transfers them to the surface timely,thus decreasing the recombination ratio of electronsand holes.

Synthesis and Anion Recognition Properties of Sulfonylurea Receptor

Qu Jin-qing Wan Wen Yong Xue Su Ming-jian Yan Yi-chen Liu Rui-yuan

2013, 41(3):  142-146.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2013.03.021

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A novel sulfonylurea anion receptor,namely bis-( 4'-nitro phenyl) sulfonylurea,was synthesized andapplied to the naked-eye detection of anions by observing the color change of receptor solution after the addition ofanions,and obvious color change of the solution,namely F^- -induced brown yellow or CH₃CO₂^- -induced lightyellow,was observed.However,the color slightly changed when such other anions as NO₃^- ,Br^- ,Cl^- and HSO₄^- were introduced in the solution.Afterwards,the binding ability of the receptor with mono-anions was tested bymeans of UV-vis spectrophotometry titration method,with rather strong affinity of sulfonylurea to F^- and CH₃CO₂^-being revealed. Jobs plot indicates that the receptor and F^- groups form a kind of complex with 1:2 stoichiometry.Moreover,the UV absorption spectra of methanol for the complex confirm that the receptor binds with anions withthe help of hydrogen bond.