Effects of Borneol Essential Oil Separation Components on the Motility and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240156

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different components of borneol essential oil, separated by molecular distillation, on the motility and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, the study was conducted as follows: First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the volatile components of the crude borneol essential oil, its light fraction, and its heavy fraction. Next, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the three components against E. coli ATCC 25922 were determined using the double dilution method and plate coating method, respectively. Finally, the impact of these three components on the swimming and swarming motility, as well as biofilm formation of E. coli ATCC 25922, was studied using motility assays and crystal violet staining. The results show that the crude borneol essential oil, light fraction, and heavy fraction contain 27, 24, and 19 volatile components, respectively. The highest relative content of volatile components is D-borneol (19.93%) in the crude oil, eucalyptol (19.36%) in the light fraction, and D-borneol (28.92%) in the heavy fraction. The MIC and MBC of the crude oil, light fraction, and heavy fraction against E. coli are 6.25 μL/mL, and all three components are able to delay bacterial growth at sub-inhibitory concentrations. At 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC, all three borneol essential oil components reduce the swimming and swarming motility of E. coli and inhibited biofilm formation. The heavy fraction of borneol essential oil exhibits superior inhibition of E. coli motility and biofilm formation compared to the crude oil and light fraction. These findings indicate that molecular distillation can enrich the antibacterial active components in borneol essential oil, effectively enhancing its added value and demonstrating broad application prospects.

Key words: borneol essential oil, molecular distillation, Escherichia coli, biofilm

CLC Number:

TS202.3

FAN Penghui, CHEN Guanghao, LIU Zirui, CAI Xinyu, WAN Yuanyuan, SU Jianyu. Effects of Borneol Essential Oil Separation Components on the Motility and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(4): 125-134.

Figures/Tables 9

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序号	t_R/min	化合物	CAS号	峰面积比/%
序号	t_R/min	化合物	CAS号	原油	轻组分	重组分
1	6.672	α-侧柏烯	2867-05-2	0.66	1.58	—
2	6.874	α-蒎烯	7785-70-8	5.86	14.04	3.83
3	7.318	（-）-莰烯	5794-04-7	2.53	5.39	1.45
4	7.918	β-萜品烯	99-84-3	3.03	6.17	1.95
5	8.069	β-蒎烯	127-91-3	5.55	10.52	3.39
6	8.847	水芹烯	99-83-2	3.51	5.65	2.10
7	8.911	2，2，3-三甲基己烷	60265-51-2	0.50	0.39	—
8	9.154	3-蒈烯	13466-78-9	0.24	0.26	—
9	9.368	邻伞花烃	527-84-4	4.92	6.70	2.97
10	9.502	（+）-柠檬烯	5989-27-5	7.58	10.87	5.32
11	9.612	桉叶油醇	470-82-6	16.83	19.36	14.06
12	9.762	罗勒烯	13877-91-3	0.11	—	—
13	9.891	2，4，6-三甲基辛烷	62016-37-9	0.29	—	—
14	9.969	γ-松油烯	99-85-4	0.67	0.89	0.44
15	10.205	（-）-异松蒎醇	1196-00-5	0.18	—	—
16	10.333	3，4-二甲基苯甲醇	6966-10-5	1.05	1.29	0.83
17	11.127	芳樟醇	78-70-6	1.68	0.66	1.83
18	11.532	1，2，4，5-四甲苯	95-93-2	0.13	0.43	—
19	12.970	（+）-樟脑	464-49-3	4.72	2.53	4.53
20	13.680	右旋龙脑	464-45-9	19.93	5.32	28.92
21	13.919	4-萜烯醇	562-74-3	1.24	0.64	1.09
22	14.324	α-松油醇	10482-56-1	2.15	0.62	3.31
23	14.441	正十二烷基环己烷	1795-17-1	0.18	0.12	0.26
24	15.563	2-甲基二十烷	1560-84-5	0.16	0.29	—
25	16.826	乙酸龙脑酯	5655-61-8	8.82	2.12	12.82
26	17.786	β-石竹烯	87-44-5	1.58	0.27	2.76
27	21.366	双环松脂烯	24703-35-3	0.56	0.13	1.60

龙脑精油	12.5 μL/mL	6.25 μL/mL	3.125 μL/mL
原油	0	0	>5
轻组分	0	0	>5
重组分	0	0	>5

组别		泳动圈直径/mm	抑制率/%
	对照组	11.04±0.25	0
1/4 MIC	原油	6.87±0.29	37.81
	轻组分	6.92±0.74	37.36
	重组分	6.75±0.52	38.87
1/2 MIC	原油	4.48±0.08	59.40
	轻组分	5.63±0.37	48.98
	重组分	4.13±0.25	62.57
MIC	原油	0	100
	轻组分	0	100
	重组分	0	100

组别		丛动圈直径/mm	抑制率/%
	对照组	7.00±0.32	0
1/4 MIC	原油	5.45±0.25	22.14
	轻组分	5.50±0.40	21.43
	重组分	4.92±0.24	29.76
1/2 MIC	原油	3.93±0.18	43.81
	轻组分	4.00±0.23	42.86
	重组分	3.98±0.10	43.10
MIC	原油	0.48±0.08	93.10
	轻组分	0.47±0.05	93.33
	重组分	0.47±0.05	93.33

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