Abstract:

Bird impact resistance of windshield is most important for flight safety. In this paper, based on the experimental observation of aircraft arc windshield under bird impact, a finite element analysis model of arc windshield and bird body for a certain aircraft made in China is established, and the impact process is numerically simulated by means of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics （SPH） coupling with the finite element method. Then, a series of data such as deformation, displacement, strain, impact force, stress, critical impact velocity, possible damage location, and mode of arc windshield are obtained. Moreover, the effect of SPH particle density on the calculation results is analyzed. It is found that （ 1 ） the simulated results basically accord with the experimental ones ;（2） the whole process of bird impact lasts about 4ms, and the critical impact velocities of windshield damage （ including safety damage） are （540 ±5）, （600 ±5） and （470 ±5） km/h at the middle point, the front 1/3 and the back 1/3 of the windshield, respectively; （3） the displacement and thickness of windshield in the impact process are of the same order of magnitude, and the maximum strain of windshield reaches 10-2 order of magnitude; （4） the damage of windshield first locates near the back arc frame, then expands towards 45°direction with respect to the windshield midline ; and （5） the deformation mode of bird body becomes better with the increase of SPH particles.

Key words: bird impact, aircraft windshield, numerical simulation, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, finite element method