Effect of Connected HUD Warning System on Driving Behavior for Pedestrian Crossing Events

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230096

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the warning system, this study explored the influence of the head up display warning system on driving behavior under different weather conditions in the connected environment for pedestrian crossing events. Firstly, this paper designed three warning systems: baseline, head down display (HDD), and head up display (HUD). Based on the driving simulation platform, it developed connected scenarios of urban roads under clear and foggy weather conditions and extracted driving behavior parameters through experimental testing. Then, from the micro level, the paper described the whole spatial change process of driving behavior under the action of connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events, analyzed the influence rules of the warning systems and weather conditions on driving behavior, and constructed the influence model of driving behavior including risk avoidance stage and recovery stage. Next, a comprehensive index system was proposed to reflect the safety level at the risk avoidance stage, the recovery level at the recovery stage and the stability level of the whole process, including the first braking distance, the minimum conflict distance, the recovery stabilization time, the recovery amount of velocity, the maximum deceleration and the maximum acceleration. Finally, it quantified the effects of different warning systems (Baseline/ HDD/ HUD), weather conditions (clear weather/ foggy weather) and the interaction between the two factors on driving behavior. Research shows that the connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events has a significant effect on drivers’ driving behavior in the risk avoidance and recovery stage, and it significantly improves the safety level of driving behavior in the risk avoidance stage. At the same time, it has a significant improvement effect on the recovery efficiency during the recovery stage, and also significantly affects the stability level of the operational characteristics throughout the whole process. The connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events shows more obvious advantages under foggy conditions.

Key words: connected environment, head up display warning system, pedestrian crossing event, driving behaviour, driving simulation technology

CLC Number:

U491.2⁺5

BIAN Yang, ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Xiaohua, et al. Effect of Connected HUD Warning System on Driving Behavior for Pedestrian Crossing Events[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(4): 114-125.

Figures/Tables 18

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Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Calculation results of indicators significance and effect size"

指标	因素	F	P	$η 2$
d_b	预警系统	284.295	0.000***	0.896
	天气	2.970	0.094*	0.083
	天气×预警系统	5.293	0.007**	0.138
d_c	预警系统	58.698	0.000***	0.640
	天气	0.907	0.348	0.027
	天气×预警系统	0.376	0.688	0.011
t	预警系统	4.509	0.015**	0.120
	天气	0.675	0.417	0.020
	天气×预警系统	3.393	0.040**	0.093
Δv	预警系统	9.216	0.001**	0.218
	天气	4.880	0.034**	0.129
	天气×预警系统	0.792	0.457	0.023
a₁	预警系统	62.221	0.000***	0.653
	天气	2.927	0.097*	0.081
	天气×预警系统	0.059	0.943	0.002
a₂	预警系统	8.365	0.001**	0.202
	天气	0.044	0.834	0.001
	天气×预警系统	0.674	0.513	0.020

Table 3

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维度	指标	含义
安全水平	d_b/m	从预警点到首次踩下制动踏板，主车所行驶的距离，称为首次制动距离，d_b越小，表明对危险越早地做出反应
安全水平	d_c/m	当行人开始移动并离开主车所在车道时，主车与行人之间的最小碰撞距离，d_c越大，表明避险完成得越早
恢复水平	t/s	从最小速度点到稳态开始点所经历的时间，称为恢复稳定时间，t越短，表明恢复速度越快
恢复水平	Δv/（km·h^-1）	最小速度与稳态速度之间的差值，称为速度恢复量，Δv越大，表明恢复能力越强
稳定水平	a₁/（m·s^-2）	从预警点到行人位置范围内的最大减速度（取绝对值），a₁越小，表明减速过程越缓和
稳定水平	a₂/（m·s^-2）	从最小速度点到稳态开始点范围内的最大加速度，a₂越小，表明加速过程越平稳

实验场景	d_b/m	d_c/m	t/s	Δv/（km·h^-1）	a₁/（m·s^-2）	a₂/（m·s^-2）
晴天_Baseline	64.50±10.22	10.75±6.97	12.70±3.95	50.03±7.43	8.30±1.94	5.84±0.77
晴天_HDD	53.16±12.26	15.02±5.25	12.86±4.34	44.49±11.32	6.94±2.34	5.80±0.84
晴天_HUD	27.33±7.98	20.96±6.58	11.84±4.50	42.73±8.62	5.03±1.23	5.45±0.93
雾天_Baseline	68.22±10.07	10.63±6.42	14.33±4.85	46.04±10.94	7.77±2.66	5.85±0.72
雾天_HDD	47.18±12.73	16.36±5.38	10.78±3.56	43.71±8.30	6.59±1.88	5.92±0.77
雾天_HUD	23.96±5.72	21.65±5.91	11.05±3.83	39.98±7.30	4.61±1.12	5.26±1.30

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