华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 102-112.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240377

• 机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

旋转共轴驱动永磁球型关节设计及扰动抑制

张永顺, 刘志军, 刘振虎, 王莉   

  1. 大连理工大学 高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2024-10-25
  • 作者简介:张永顺(1965—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事机器人机电一体化研究。E-mail: zyshun@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(62173059)

Design and Disturbance Suppression of a Permanent Magnet Flexible Spherical Wrist Driven by Rotating Magnetic Coaxial Effect

ZHANG Yongshun, LIU Zhijun, LIU Zhenhu, WANG Li   

  1. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision Manufacturing,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China
  • Received:2024-07-20 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2024-10-25
  • About author:张永顺(1965—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事机器人机电一体化研究。E-mail: zyshun@dlut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173059)

摘要:

针对当前永磁球型关节普遍存在电磁驱动结构复杂,耦合磁场建模困难,磁矩奇异性,抵抗外界扰动能力不足等问题,依据永磁体转子轴线始终趋于磁场旋转轴线的旋转定轴效应,研制了一种以内置全悬浮永磁体转子的万向随动机构为主体的永磁柔性直驱球型关节。球型关节的定子由两组鞍形线圈和一组亥姆线圈三轴正交嵌套而成。为解决磁矩控制变量冗余问题,采用磁场旋转轴线侧摆、俯仰角为独立控制变量的三相电流公式叠加空间万向旋转磁场,实现磁场内同步旋转永磁体转子侧摆、俯仰磁矩解耦和在空间万向磁场旋转轴线导引下的永磁球型关节侧摆、俯仰两自由度运动。进而,用Lyapunov函数证明系统稳定性,采用基于模糊算法优化的非奇异快速终端滑模控制方法抑制抖振和降低输出端轨迹误差。模拟结果验证了模糊优化滑模控制器的有效性。相比未模糊优化滑模控制方法,存在外界扰动时,优化模糊控制器通过切换增益进行自适应调整,能有效抑制系统控制输入产生的抖振,并提高轨迹跟踪速度,降低跟踪误差。仿真和试验表明,球型关节电磁结构简单,磁场解析建模便利,电流输入变量与磁矩输出变量一一对应,抗干扰能力和抖振抑制效果良好,实现了球型关节期望轨迹的快速跟踪,动态跟踪性能良好,改善了复杂环境的适应性。

关键词: 永磁柔性球型关节, 旋转共轴效应, 空间万向旋转磁场, 滑模控制, 轨迹跟踪

Abstract:

Current permanent magnet spherical joints commonly face issues such as complex electromagnetic drive structures, difficulties in coupled magnetic field modeling, magnetic moment singularities, and insufficient resistance to external disturbances. To solve the problems, this study developed a permanent magnet flexible direct-drive spherical joint with an embedded fully suspended permanent magnet rotor as the core based on the rotational fixed-axis effect, where the rotor axis of the permanent magnet always tends to align with the axis of rotation of the magnetic field. The new stator consists of a three-axis orthogonal nested combination of two sets of saddle coils and one set of Helmholtz coils. To solve the redundancy issue of magnetic moment control variables, a three-phase current formula was used to superimpose the spatial universal rotating magnetic field with the yaw and pitch angles as independent control variables. This enables the decoupling of the yaw and pitch magnetic moments of the permanent magnet rotor in the rotating magnetic field, as well as the realization of the universal spherical joint’s two-degree-of-freedom motion (yaw and pitch) under the guidance of the rotating magnetic field’s axis. Furthermore, the system stability was proved using the Lyapunov function, and a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control method optimized by a fuzzy algorithm was applied to suppress chatter and reduce trajectory errors at the output end. The theoretical simulation results verified the effectiveness of the controller. Compared with sliding mode control method without fuzzy algorithm optimization,when external disturbance is applied, the sliding mode controller with fuzzy algorithm optimization can effectively suppress chattering, improve tracing speed, reduce output trajectory errors. Simulations and experiments show that the spherical joint has a simple electromagnetic structure, along with convenient analytical modeling of the magnetic field. The input current variables correspond one-to-one with the output magnetic moment variables. The system exhibits good anti-interference capability and effective chatter suppression, achieving fast tracking of the desired trajectory for the spherical joint. The dynamic tracking performance is excellent, and the system demonstrates improved adaptability in complex environments.

Key words: permanent magnet flexible spherical joint, rotating magnetic coaxial effect, spatial universal rotatingmagnetic field, sliding mode control, trajectory tracking

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