华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 125-134.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240156

• 食品科学与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

龙脑精油分离组分对大肠杆菌运动及生物被膜形成的影响

范鹏辉1,2, 陈光浩1, 刘子瑞1, 蔡昕妤1, 万媛媛1, 苏健裕1,2   

  1. 1.华南理工大学 食品科学与工程学院,广东 广州 510640
    2.广州瑞乐科技有限公司,广东 广州 510555
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2024-08-30
  • 通信作者: 苏健裕(1979 —),男,博士,教授,主要从事植物源活性物质制备与生物利用研究。 E-mail:jysu@scut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:范鹏辉(1990 —),男,博士生,主要从事天然产物开发与应用研究。E-mail: fanph@scut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32372449);广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515012196);梅州市科技计划项目(2021A0105001)

Effects of Borneol Essential Oil Separation Components on the Motility and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli

FAN Penghui1,2, CHEN Guanghao1, LIU Zirui1, CAI Xinyu1, WAN Yuanyuan1, SU Jianyu1,2   

  1. 1.School of Food Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China
    2.Guangzhou Reapure Technology Co. Ltd. ,Guangzhou 510555,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2024-04-07 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2024-08-30
  • Contact: 苏健裕(1979 —),男,博士,教授,主要从事植物源活性物质制备与生物利用研究。 E-mail:jysu@scut.edu.cn
  • About author:范鹏辉(1990 —),男,博士生,主要从事天然产物开发与应用研究。E-mail: fanph@scut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372449);the the Natural Science Foundation(2022A1515012196)

摘要:

为探究通过分子蒸馏技术分离得到的不同组分龙脑精油对大肠杆菌运动和生物被膜形成的影响,首先采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对龙脑精油原油、轻组分和重组分进行挥发性成分的分析;接着采用二倍稀释法和平板涂布法分别测定龙脑精油3种组分对大肠杆菌ATCC 25922的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC);最后通过泳动丛动实验和结晶紫染色法分别研究了龙脑精油3种组分对大肠杆菌ATCC 25922泳动丛动能力和生物被膜形成的影响。结果表明:龙脑精油原油、轻组分和重组分分别有27、24、19种挥发性成分组成,其中龙脑精油原油中相对含量最高的挥发性成分为右旋龙脑,占比19.93%;轻组分中桉叶油醇的相对含量最高,为19.36%;重组分中右旋龙脑的相对含量最高,为28.92%。龙脑精油原油、轻组分和重组分对大肠杆菌的MIC和MBC均为6.25 μL/mL,且在亚抑菌浓度下均能延缓细菌生长;在1/2 MIC和1/4 MIC下3种龙脑精油均能降低大肠杆菌的游泳运动能力与丛集运动能力,并能抑制大肠杆菌生物被膜的生长;其中龙脑精油重组分对大肠杆菌泳动丛动能力和生物被膜形成的抑制效果优于龙脑精油原油和轻组分;龙脑精油重组分对大肠杆菌生长曲线的抑制效果优于原油和轻组分。由此可知,通过分子蒸馏技术对龙脑精油进行切割,可以定向富集龙脑精油中的抑菌活性成分,有效提高龙脑精油的附加值,具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 龙脑精油, 分子蒸馏, 大肠杆菌, 生物被膜

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different components of borneol essential oil, separated by molecular distillation, on the motility and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, the study was conducted as follows: First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the volatile components of the crude borneol essential oil, its light fraction, and its heavy fraction. Next, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the three components against E. coli ATCC 25922 were determined using the double dilution method and plate coating method, respectively. Finally, the impact of these three components on the swimming and swarming motility, as well as biofilm formation of E. coli ATCC 25922, was studied using motility assays and crystal violet staining. The results show that the crude borneol essential oil, light fraction, and heavy fraction contain 27, 24, and 19 volatile components, respectively. The highest relative content of volatile components is D-borneol (19.93%) in the crude oil, eucalyptol (19.36%) in the light fraction, and D-borneol (28.92%) in the heavy fraction. The MIC and MBC of the crude oil, light fraction, and heavy fraction against E. coli are 6.25 μL/mL, and all three components are able to delay bacterial growth at sub-inhibitory concentrations. At 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC, all three borneol essential oil components reduce the swimming and swarming motility of E. coli and inhibited biofilm formation. The heavy fraction of borneol essential oil exhibits superior inhibition of E. coli motility and biofilm formation compared to the crude oil and light fraction. These findings indicate that molecular distillation can enrich the antibacterial active components in borneol essential oil, effectively enhancing its added value and demonstrating broad application prospects.

Key words: borneol essential oil, molecular distillation, Escherichia coli, biofilm

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