华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 19-29.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220693

• 机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

高水基液压马达配流机构的研究

于鸣泉1,2 赵继云1,2 满家祥3 郜青文1   

  1. 1.中国矿业大学 机电工程学院,江苏 徐州 221110
    2.中国矿业大学 矿山机电设备江苏省重点实验室,江苏 徐州 221116
    3.徐州工程学院 机电工程学院,江苏 徐州 221110
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-03-28
  • 通信作者: 赵继云(1966-),男,博士,教授,主要从事矿山机械设计及理论、电液传动及控制、水元件与系统等研究。 E-mail:jiyzhao@163.com
  • 作者简介:于鸣泉(1995-),男,博士生,主要从事液压马达设计及理论、水元件研究。E-mail:mqyu@cumt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51778186)

Study of Distribution Structure for High Water-Based Hydraulic Motor

YU Mingquan1,2 ZHAO Jiyun1,2 MAN Jiaxiang3 GAO Qingwen1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221110,Jiangsu,China
    2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China
    3.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xuzhou Institute of Engineering,Xuzhou 221110,Jiangsu,China
  • Received:2022-10-24 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-03-28
  • Contact: 赵继云(1966-),男,博士,教授,主要从事矿山机械设计及理论、电液传动及控制、水元件与系统等研究。 E-mail:jiyzhao@163.com
  • About author:于鸣泉(1995-),男,博士生,主要从事液压马达设计及理论、水元件研究。E-mail:mqyu@cumt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51778186)

摘要:

高水基液压马达由于其介质友好性可用于煤矿、食品、水下作业等领域,但目前水马达仍沿用油马达结构,仅将介质更换为高水基乳化液。马达的传统轴、盘配流机构在低速、高压、高水基工况下会产生严重泄漏、锈蚀现象,且阀配流机构存在的问题是一个柱塞需要配备两个单向配流阀,导致马达体积较大,同时配流阀间需准确配合,否则会出现窜、困液现象。针对以上问题提出了一种阀配流机构来控制马达配流,其由梭阀和凸轮组成,其中凸轮驱动顶杆实现柱塞的进排液过程。文中首先对配流阀进行结构设计和理论分析,揭示其配流原理;其次在AMESim中分析其参数的动态响应特性,选择正弦加速度函数曲线控制的凸轮来驱动阀芯,并选取压力和流量波动小的直径0.6 mm的阀芯通流孔,优化了配流结构。对马达整机性能进行仿真,整机扭矩波动为7.39%,验证了该机构良好的配流性能。运用Fluent仿真优化阀内流场,选用压降小、速度分布均匀的豁槽结构,并在此基础上进行样机制备和实验分析。在16 MPa工况下,柱塞腔可建压迅速,配流阀入口的压力波动率为12.5%,且泄漏量仅为2 滴/min。可知此配流梭阀应用于高水基液压马达后,可以实现稳定配流。

热压焊是一种应用于电子元器件的焊接方法,热压焊头温度的稳定性是焊接质量的决定性因素。热压焊接时间短,热电偶测温热惯性及随机噪声对热压焊过程温度控制有较大影响。文中研制了一种以STM32F407微处理器为核心的热压焊电源,设计了电源的主电路与控制系统;通过对热电偶的延迟响应和时间常数误差的分析,设计了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)的热压焊控制方法,实现了脉宽调制以及输出温度的稳定控制;分析了热压焊头的加热和热辐射效应,建立了热压焊头的温度模型,并以上述的主电路和控制方案为基础,建立了热压焊系统仿真模型,验证控制方法的有效性。搭建热压焊系统试验平台,按照仿真模型设定的工艺参数进行试验,将仿真温度波形与试验测量波形进行对比分析。结果表明:仿真与试验温度波形趋势呈现相同变化规律,相较于仅PID控制,基于EKF的控制方法具有更短的调节时间,减少了有效噪声对热压焊系统的影响,提高了温度控制的稳定性;该热压焊系统仿真模型为热压焊电源设计提供了一种参考模型;最后进行了FPC与PCB板、同轴线与LED电路板热压焊试验,实现了元器件的可靠连接。

关键词: 高水基液压, 配流机构, 数值模拟, 液压马达, 流体传动

Abstract:

High water-based hydraulic motors can be used in fields such as coal mining, food, and underwater operation due to their medium-friendly nature. However, currently high water-based motors still use hydraulic oil motor structure, only replacing the medium with high-water-based emulsion. Traditional shaft and disk flow structures will suffer severe leakage and rusting phenomena under low-speed, high-pressure, and high water-based conditions. Additionally, the current valve flow structure problem is that one plunger needs to be equipped with two check valves, which causes the motor to have a larger volume, and the flow valves must be accurately matched. Otherwise, there will be channeling and fluid entrapment phenomena. In view of the above problems, a shuttle valve flow structure was proposed to control the motor flow distribution, which consists of a shuttle valve and a cam. The cam drives the plunger’s liquid intaking and discharging process. Firstly, the flow valve was structurally designed and theoretically analyzed, revealing its flow distribution principle. Secondly, the dynamic response characteristics of its parameters were analyzed in AMESim. The cam driven by the sine acceleration function curve was selected to control the valve core, and the flow-through hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm, with small pressure and flow fluctuations, was used. Additionally, the motor’s torque fluctuation was 7.39%, verifying the shuttle valve’s good flow distribution performance. Fluent simulation was used to optimize the valve’s internal flow field and select the notch structure with small pressure drop and uniform velocity distribution. Based on this, prototype preparation and experimental analysis were carried out. Under 16 MPa working condition, the plunger chamber can quickly build pressure, the pressure fluctuation at the inlet of the flow valve is 12.5%, and the leakage is 2 drops/min. It can be seen that after the shuttle valve is applied to the high water-based hydraulic motor, stable flow distribution can be achieved.

热压焊是一种应用于电子元器件的焊接方法,热压焊头温度的稳定性是焊接质量的决定性因素。热压焊接时间短,热电偶测温热惯性及随机噪声对热压焊过程温度控制有较大影响。文中研制了一种以STM32F407微处理器为核心的热压焊电源,设计了电源的主电路与控制系统;通过对热电偶的延迟响应和时间常数误差的分析,设计了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)的热压焊控制方法,实现了脉宽调制以及输出温度的稳定控制;分析了热压焊头的加热和热辐射效应,建立了热压焊头的温度模型,并以上述的主电路和控制方案为基础,建立了热压焊系统仿真模型,验证控制方法的有效性。搭建热压焊系统试验平台,按照仿真模型设定的工艺参数进行试验,将仿真温度波形与试验测量波形进行对比分析。结果表明:仿真与试验温度波形趋势呈现相同变化规律,相较于仅PID控制,基于EKF的控制方法具有更短的调节时间,减少了有效噪声对热压焊系统的影响,提高了温度控制的稳定性;该热压焊系统仿真模型为热压焊电源设计提供了一种参考模型;最后进行了FPC与PCB板、同轴线与LED电路板热压焊试验,实现了元器件的可靠连接。

Key words: high water-based hydraulic, distribution structure, numerical simulation, hydraulic motor, fluid transmission

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