关键词: 电梯曳引机, 颗粒阻尼器, 有限元分析, 离散元分析, 振动与噪声

Abstract:

Elevator traction machines generate high sound pressure level noise during the braking process. This study proposes a vibration and noise reduction solution based on particle dampers. Firstly, the vibration characteristics of the brake wheel and brake pads are investigated through finite element analysis. Key vibration modes are identified by correlating the principal vibration frequencies obtained from whole-machine vibration and noise tests. Based on these findings, and considering the symmetry and spatial layout of the brake wheel structure, an innovative cavity design is introduced within the brake wheel to accommodate particle dampers. The study employs coupled EDEM-ADAMS simulation technology to optimize the parameters of the solid particles, with a focus on addressing three critical technical issues: (1) To avoid interference from magnetic fields, pure aluminum is ultimately selected as the damping particle material; (2) The energy dissipation process of the particle damper within the cavity is simulated using discrete element analysis; (3) The particle radius and filling ratio of the damper are optimized by integrating multi-body dynamics simulations. Experimental validation is conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber, where a timed braking control strategy with a 5-second cycle is implemented. A triaxial sensor array is used to collect vibration signals, while sound pressure level data are recorded synchronously. The test results indicate that, following the installation of particle dampers, the average sound pressure level during the braking process of the traction machine is reduced by 20.7%, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the proposed solution. This research provides a novel technical approach for noise control in electromagnetic braking systems and demonstrates significant engineering application value.

Key words: elevator traction machine, particle damper, finite element analysis, discrete element analysis, vibration and noise