华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 17-33.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.250037

• 智慧交通系统 • 上一篇    下一篇

无人机应急救援路径规划建模方法综述与展望

裴明阳1, 邵康顺1, 李林青2, 徐凤娟1,3   

  1. 1.华南理工大学 土木与交通学院,广东 广州 510640
    2.云南农业大学 机电工程学院,云南 昆明 650500
    3.新疆工程学院 土木工程学院,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-30 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通信作者: 徐凤娟(1985—),女,博士生,讲师,主要从事交通安全与低空系统研究。 E-mail:202110181583@mail.scut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:裴明阳(1990 —),女,博士,副教授,主要从事智慧交通研究。E-mail: mingyang@scut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515010617);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515010544);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2024ZYGXZR053);广州市基础与应用基础研究专题(SL2023A04J00802);新疆煤炭资源绿色开采教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(KLXGY-KB2420)

Modeling Methodologies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning in Emergency Rescue: A Comprehensive Review and Prospect

PEI Mingyang1, SHAO Kangshun1, LI Linqing2, XU Fengjuan1,3   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China
    2.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China
    3.School of Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Engineering,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2025-01-30 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: 徐凤娟(1985—),女,博士生,讲师,主要从事交通安全与低空系统研究。 E-mail:202110181583@mail.scut.edu.cn
  • About author:裴明阳(1990 —),女,博士,副教授,主要从事智慧交通研究。E-mail: mingyang@scut.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515010617)

摘要:

随着低空经济的兴起,无人机的应用场景不断扩展,尤其是在应急救援领域发挥着重要作用。无人机凭借其高机动性、远程控制等优势,在自然灾害与人为灾害等突发事件中,成为灾情监测、通信恢复、人员搜救、物资投递和灾后评估等关键环节的有力工具。该文旨在全面综述应急救援领域无人机路径规划的建模方法及其最新研究进展,为相关领域的研究者提供全面的理论参考和技术指导。首先概述了地震、火灾、洪灾等应急救援场景,归纳了无人机在不同场景中的应用需求;然后系统总结了无人机路径规划的建模方法,包括动态模型和任务模型,并对任务模型从分层、协同、容错、实时、自适应等维度进行了细分;进而从约束条件、优化目标及求解算法3个核心要素出发,全面分析了路径规划优化算法;最后探讨了无人机路径规划在应急救援中面临的挑战与机遇,指出技术发展、多无人机协同作业及多领域融合是未来发展的机遇,为无人机路径规划建模的进一步发展和应用提供了理论支持和实践参考。

关键词: 无人机, 应急救援, 路径规划, 优化模型

Abstract:

With the rise of the low-altitude economy, the application scenarios of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) continue to expand, particularly playing a significant role in emergency response. Leveraging advantages such as high mobility and remote control, UAV has proven to be powerful tools in disaster monitoring, communication restoration, personnel search and rescue, material delivery, and post-disaster assessment during emergencies such as natural and human-made disasters. This paper aims to provoide a comprehensive review of modeling methods and the latest research progress in UAV path planning for emergency rescue, offering thorough theoretical references and technical guidance for researchers in related fields. It begins by outlining typical emergency rescue scenarios such as earthquakes, fires, and floods, summarizing the application requirements of UAV in different contexts. Then it systematically reviews UAV path planning modeling methods, including dynamic models and task models, with task models further categorized into hierarchical, collaborative, fault-tolerant, real-time, and adaptative dimensions. Subsequently, it comprehensively analyzes path planning optimization algorithms based on three core elements: constraints, optimization objectives, and solution algorithms. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of UAV path planning in emergency rescue, highlighting that technological development, multi-UAV collaboration, and interdisciplinary integration represent future development opportunities. This study provides theoretical support and practical reference for the further development and application of UAV path planning modeling.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicle, emergency rescue, path planning, optimization model

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