关键词: 氨氧化古菌, 纯培养物, 富集, 氨氧化作用, 反硝化作用, 研究进展

Abstract:

Nitrification,namely the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite via nitrate,has been suggested to be a key partof the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle.The cultivation of pure isolates and enrichments of ammonia- oxidizingarchaea (AOA) as well as the discovery of archaeal amo gene in different kinds of environments has proved thecontribution of AOA to the nitrification in the earth.Especially,the abundance of archaeal amo in most environ-ments is higher than that of bacterial amo,and the affinity of AOA to ammonia nitrogen is higher than that of AOB.All these suggest that AOA might predominately contribute to the global nitrification.This paper gives an overviewof the sources and genomic information of pure AOA cultures and enrichments,the AOA taxa based on phylogeneticanalysis,the importance of ammonia oxidation to the environment and the discovery of AOA denitrification.It alsoproposes several research prospects in the future.

Key words: ammonia- oxidizing archaea, pure culture, enrichment, ammonia oxidation, denitrification, researchprogress