华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 1-.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240349

• 交通安全 •    

开口位置对高速列车车厢内火灾演化规律的影响

 周之涵 郗艳红  毛军  于桂兰    

  1. 北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院,北京市 100091

  • 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2024-12-13

Effect of Different Opening Positions on Fire Evolution in Carriages of High-Speed Train Fires 

ZHOU Zhihan XI Yanhong MAO Jun YU Guilan    

  1. School or Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China
  • Online:2025-07-25 Published:2024-12-13

摘要:

高速列车车厢内发生火灾时极易引起窗户破裂,从而形成侧向开口,显著影响火灾燃烧状态及温度分布。因此,采用1:8缩尺模型实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究不同的开口位置对车厢内火灾演化的影响,并定量研究了开口位置和火源功率共同影响下,高速列车车厢内部火焰移动速度及温度纵向衰减规律。结果表明:各个开口位置时,随着火源功率的增加,车厢内部火灾演化和开口处烟气/火焰均依次经历室内燃料充分燃烧阶段、缺氧燃烧阶段和持续溢流阶段,且车厢内最大温度也随火源功率的上升分为三种不同的趋势,首先随着火源功率的上升而上升,随后缓慢下降,最后急剧降低,这与车厢内的火焰演化一一对应;讨论了火源功率与开口位置对车厢内火焰移动速度的影响,研究表明,当火源功率为50.80kW时,开口位置对火焰移动速度影响较小;当火源功率大于50.80kW时,开口位置2~4时的移动速度随着开口与火源距离的增大,而开口1的移动速度最慢,并给出了火源移动速度的预测公式;研究了车厢内最大温度及开口左右两侧温度衰减规律,并建立了高速列车车厢火灾不同开口时,开口左右两侧的温度衰减预测模型,研究成果对于高速列车车厢火灾的防灾减灾具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 高速列车火灾, 火焰演化, 开口火溢流, 火焰移动速度, 开口位置, 火源功率, 温度分布

Abstract:

When a fire occurs in a high-speed train compartment, this can lead to the rupture of windows, thus forming side openings, which significantly affects the fire combustion state and temperature distribution. Therefore, a combination of 1:8 scaled model experiment and numerical simulation is used to study the effect of different opening positions on the fire evolution in the compartment, and the longitudinal decay law of the temperature inside the high-speed train compartment is quantitatively investigated under the joint influence of the opening position and the power of the fire source. The results show that: with the increase of the fire source power at each opening position, the fire evolution inside the compartment and the smoke/flame at the opening go through the stage of full combustion of the fuel inside the compartment, the stage of anoxic combustion, and the stage of continuous overflow in turn; the influence of the fire source power and the opening position on the flame moving speed inside the compartment is discussed, and a prediction formula for the flame moving speed is put forward; the maximum temperature inside the compartment and the temperatures at the left and right sides of the opening are investigated, and the longitudinal attenuation law for the temperature inside the high-speed train is established. The maximum temperature in the compartment and the temperature decay law of the left and right sides of the opening are studied, and the temperature decay prediction model of the left and right sides of the opening is established when different openings of the high-speed train compartment fire, and the results of the research have certain reference value for the prevention and mitigation of the high-speed train compartment fire.

Key words: high-speed train fires, flame evolution, spillover of opening fire, flame travel speed, opening position, heat release rate, temperature distribution