行人过街事件网联HUD预警系统对驾驶行为的影响

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230096

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索行人过街事件网联环境下平视显示预警系统在不同天气条件下对驾驶行为的影响，以论证预警系统的有效性。文中首先设计基线条件（Baseline）、低头显示（HDD）、平视显示（HUD）3种预警系统，依托驾驶模拟平台开发晴天和雾天天气条件下城市道路网联场景，通过实验测试提取驾驶行为参数；然后，从微观层面刻画行人过街事件网联HUD预警系统作用下驾驶行为的整个空间变化过程，分析预警系统和天气状况两种因素对驾驶行为的作用规律，构建包含避险阶段和恢复阶段的驾驶行为影响模式，提出了反映避险阶段安全水平、恢复阶段恢复水平以及全过程稳定水平等3个层面的综合指标体系，包括首次制动距离、最小冲突距离、恢复稳定时间、速度恢复量、最大减速度和最大加速度；最后，量化不同预警系统（Baseline/HDD/HUD）、天气状况（晴天/雾天）以及两因素间交互作用对驾驶行为的影响。结果表明：行人过街网联HUD预警系统对驾驶人在避险阶段和恢复阶段中的驾驶行为存在显著性作用，显著提高避险阶段驾驶行为的安全水平，同时对恢复阶段恢复效率具有明显的提升作用，也显著影响全过程运行特性的稳定水平；在雾天条件下行人过街网联HUD预警系统表现出更为明显的优势。

关键词: 网联环境, 平视显示预警系统, 行人过街事件, 驾驶行为, 驾驶模拟技术

Abstract:

In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the warning system, this study explored the influence of the head up display warning system on driving behavior under different weather conditions in the connected environment for pedestrian crossing events. Firstly, this paper designed three warning systems: baseline, head down display (HDD), and head up display (HUD). Based on the driving simulation platform, it developed connected scenarios of urban roads under clear and foggy weather conditions and extracted driving behavior parameters through experimental testing. Then, from the micro level, the paper described the whole spatial change process of driving behavior under the action of connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events, analyzed the influence rules of the warning systems and weather conditions on driving behavior, and constructed the influence model of driving behavior including risk avoidance stage and recovery stage. Next, a comprehensive index system was proposed to reflect the safety level at the risk avoidance stage, the recovery level at the recovery stage and the stability level of the whole process, including the first braking distance, the minimum conflict distance, the recovery stabilization time, the recovery amount of velocity, the maximum deceleration and the maximum acceleration. Finally, it quantified the effects of different warning systems (Baseline/ HDD/ HUD), weather conditions (clear weather/ foggy weather) and the interaction between the two factors on driving behavior. Research shows that the connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events has a significant effect on drivers’ driving behavior in the risk avoidance and recovery stage, and it significantly improves the safety level of driving behavior in the risk avoidance stage. At the same time, it has a significant improvement effect on the recovery efficiency during the recovery stage, and also significantly affects the stability level of the operational characteristics throughout the whole process. The connected HUD warning system for pedestrian crossing events shows more obvious advantages under foggy conditions.

Key words: connected environment, head up display warning system, pedestrian crossing event, driving behaviour, driving simulation technology

中图分类号:

U491.2⁺5

边扬, 张钰, 赵晓华, 等. 行人过街事件网联HUD预警系统对驾驶行为的影响[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(4): 114-125.

BIAN Yang, ZHANG Yu, ZHAO Xiaohua, et al. Effect of Connected HUD Warning System on Driving Behavior for Pedestrian Crossing Events[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(4): 114-125.

图/表 18

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表1

表2

表3

指标显著性及效应量计算结果1）"

指标	因素	F	P	$η 2$
d_b	预警系统	284.295	0.000***	0.896
	天气	2.970	0.094*	0.083
	天气×预警系统	5.293	0.007**	0.138
d_c	预警系统	58.698	0.000***	0.640
	天气	0.907	0.348	0.027
	天气×预警系统	0.376	0.688	0.011
t	预警系统	4.509	0.015**	0.120
	天气	0.675	0.417	0.020
	天气×预警系统	3.393	0.040**	0.093
Δv	预警系统	9.216	0.001**	0.218
	天气	4.880	0.034**	0.129
	天气×预警系统	0.792	0.457	0.023
a₁	预警系统	62.221	0.000***	0.653
	天气	2.927	0.097*	0.081
	天气×预警系统	0.059	0.943	0.002
a₂	预警系统	8.365	0.001**	0.202
	天气	0.044	0.834	0.001
	天气×预警系统	0.674	0.513	0.020

表3

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维度	指标	含义
安全水平	d_b/m	从预警点到首次踩下制动踏板，主车所行驶的距离，称为首次制动距离，d_b越小，表明对危险越早地做出反应
安全水平	d_c/m	当行人开始移动并离开主车所在车道时，主车与行人之间的最小碰撞距离，d_c越大，表明避险完成得越早
恢复水平	t/s	从最小速度点到稳态开始点所经历的时间，称为恢复稳定时间，t越短，表明恢复速度越快
恢复水平	Δv/（km·h^-1）	最小速度与稳态速度之间的差值，称为速度恢复量，Δv越大，表明恢复能力越强
稳定水平	a₁/（m·s^-2）	从预警点到行人位置范围内的最大减速度（取绝对值），a₁越小，表明减速过程越缓和
稳定水平	a₂/（m·s^-2）	从最小速度点到稳态开始点范围内的最大加速度，a₂越小，表明加速过程越平稳

实验场景	d_b/m	d_c/m	t/s	Δv/（km·h^-1）	a₁/（m·s^-2）	a₂/（m·s^-2）
晴天_Baseline	64.50±10.22	10.75±6.97	12.70±3.95	50.03±7.43	8.30±1.94	5.84±0.77
晴天_HDD	53.16±12.26	15.02±5.25	12.86±4.34	44.49±11.32	6.94±2.34	5.80±0.84
晴天_HUD	27.33±7.98	20.96±6.58	11.84±4.50	42.73±8.62	5.03±1.23	5.45±0.93
雾天_Baseline	68.22±10.07	10.63±6.42	14.33±4.85	46.04±10.94	7.77±2.66	5.85±0.72
雾天_HDD	47.18±12.73	16.36±5.38	10.78±3.56	43.71±8.30	6.59±1.88	5.92±0.77
雾天_HUD	23.96±5.72	21.65±5.91	11.05±3.83	39.98±7.30	4.61±1.12	5.26±1.30

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