Studying vulnerability of storage tanks under the coupling effect of blast wave and fragment can contribute to improve safety level of chemical industrial parks. In the study, the failure limit state equation of chemical tank that subjected to the coupling effect is established based on the energy density rule and maximum plastic strain criterion, which considering the sequential action of blast wave and fragment and the strain-rate effect. Comparative analysis of the theoretical rupture velocity of the storage tank and the maximum speed that obtains by numerical simulation to verify the rationality of the equation. The analysis of the vulnerability of a 5000m3 vertical vault tank shows that the strain-rate effect can enable the tank less destruction of the combined loadings and reduce the vulnerability of the tank. The action sequence of blast wave and fragment significantly affects the failure probability of the tank, while fragment impacts the tank firstly is more dangerous than blast wave. Through a single univariate analysis shows that the vulnerability of the storage tank is positively correlated with explosive strength and impact loading of fragment, but it is negatively related to the impact angle of fragment. The study results are helpful for providing guidance for the prevention of domino effect accident subject to coupling effect of blast wave and fragment and formulating pre-control strategy.

There are strict regulations on the discharge of Zn(Ⅱ) wastewater in China. Among adsorptive material that can efficiently remove Zn(Ⅱ) from wastewater, palygorskite (PAL) is considered to be a promising adsorptive material. To verify the effect of humic acid (HA) on the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) by PAL, static adsorption experiments were carried out to compare the adsorption rates of Zn(Ⅱ) by humic acid/palygorskite (HA/PAL) and pure PAL, and the performance and mechanism of removing Zn(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by PAL and HA/PAL were studied. The adsorption equilibrium time of PAL was 120 min, and temperature had little effect on the adsorption process, and the adsorption rate of Zn(Ⅱ) by PAL increased with the increase of the dosage and the decrease of the Zn(Ⅱ) initial concentration. The adsorption equilibrium of HA/PAL was reached at 120 min, and the adsorption process of Zn(Ⅱ) by HA/PAL was also not affected by temperature, and the increase of the dosage and the decrease of the Zn(Ⅱ) initial concentration improved the adsorption rate of Zn(Ⅱ) by HA/PAL. The adsorption process of Zn(Ⅱ) by PAL fitted the Langmuir model, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model could better fit the experimental data of PAL. However, the adsorption process of Zn(Ⅱ) by HA/PAL was more consistent with Freundlich model, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model also better fitted the experimental data of HA/PAL. According to thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) by PAL and HA/PAL is endothermic. Under the same conditions, the adsorption rate of Zn(Ⅱ) by PAL is higher than that of Zn(Ⅱ) by HA/PAL, and the influence of all experimental conditions on PAL is greater than that of HA/PAL. The characterization results of SEM, BET and FTIR showed that HA was successfully loaded on PAL surface and reduced PAL specific surface area.

Study the extraction process of kapok flavonoids and evaluate its anti-acne efficacy. Using Guangdong Zhaoqing kapok as raw material, after ultrasonic-assisted alcohol extraction, the most suitable macroporous resin type was investigated and the purification process of the crude kapok flavonoids was determined. The in vitro inhibition zone experiment method was used to determine the purified and refined kapok flavonoids. The inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes; the in vitro whitening activity method was used to determine the inhibition rate of kapok flavonoids on tyrosinase, and the whitening activity of kapok flavonoids was further verified by the zebrafish embryo melanin inhibition test; Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activity determination method was used to investigate the scavenging ability of kapok flavonoids on free radicals such as ABTS?+ and DPPH. By comparing the adsorption rate and resolution rate of 8 kinds of macroporous resins to kapok flavonoids, D101 was screened out as the best resin type, and the best static adsorption desorption conditions were investigated as follows: adsorption time 6 h,resolution time 4 h, the ethanol concentration of the analytical solution is 60%; the best dynamic adsorption analysis conditions are: loading volume 2 BV, analytical solution elution volume 0.625 BV. After purification, the purity of kapok flavonoids increased from 32.5% to 98.2%. The IC50 values of the purified kapok flavonoids on ABTS?+ and DPPH free radical scavenging rates were 0.62±0.011 mg/mL and 11.8±0.624 μg/mL, respectively.The IC50 of the inhibition rate of Kapok flavonoids on tyrosinase is 1.69±0.002 mg/mL. When the concentration of kapok flavonoids was 1.0 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of melanin in zebrafish embryos was 12%, and it had significant whitening activity.Through the inhibition zone test, when the concentration of kapok flavonoids is 12.5 mg/mL, it is moderately sensitive to Propionibacterium acnes and highly sensitive to Staphylococcus epidermidis, and this antibacterial effect presents a dose-dependent effect.In summary, the kapok flavonoids purified and prepared in this study have multiple skin care activities such as whitening, antioxidation, antibacterial and anti-acne, and have good application and development value for anti-acne products.