Octacalcium phosphate fibers were synthesized via homogeneous precipitation,and the product was characterized by means of FT-IR,XRD and SEM. Then,the effects of synthesis temperature and reactant concentration on the morphology and composition of the product were discussed,with a significant effect being observed. Experimental results show that high temperature helps to accelerate the precipitation of OCP and obtain fine product with high yield,that too low urea concentration may result in highly inhomogeneous size distribution of OCP,while too high urea concentration may result in large and short product mixture of OCP and hydroxyapatite,and that fine OCP fibers can be synthesized via the homogeneous precipitation at 90℃,with an initial pH value of about 2. 2 and an final pH value of about 5. 0,and with 0. 167 mol/L Ca（ NO3） 2,0. 1 mol/L （ NH4） 2HPO4 and 0. 6 ～ 0. 7 mol/L （ NH2） 2CO as the reactants.