This study systematically investigated the ameliorative effect of chicken breast peptide-iron chelate (CMP-Fe) on anemia symptoms in mice with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), focusing on body weight, blood routine parameters, iron metabolism, inflammation, and tissue protection. Compared with the model group, all CMP-Fe dose groups(Low Dose：1.0 mg Fe/kg·bw；Middle Dose：2.0 mg Fe/kg·bw；High Dose：3.0 mg Fe/kg·bw) exhibited significant improvements in body weight, blood routine indicators [red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV)] and serum iron metabolism markers [serum iron (SI), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin receptor (TFR), ferritin (FER), transferrin saturation (TSAT), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)]. Notably, the high-dose CMP-Fe exerted a particularly prominent intervention effect: in terms of body weight improvement, its efficacy even exceeded that of the blank control group; while its amelioration of red blood cell indices was comparable to that of the positive control group. Furthermore, CMP-Fe significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP) in serum and colon, and increased the anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) and intestinal sIgA of IDA mice. Moreover, the regulatory effect of high-dose CMP-Fe on sIgA levels in IDA mice was superior to positive group. Meanwhile, CMP-Fe caused no pathological damage to the heart, lungs, spleen, kidneys of mice, and could alleviate pathological injuries in intestinal and liver tissues induced by a low-iron diet.  In conclusion, CMP-Fe effectively alleviates IDA symptoms in mice with high safety, making it a promising organic iron supplement. It can be developed as a specialized iron additive for cat food and other pet-related products.