Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science) >
Research Progress Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Received date: 2023-03-14
Online published: 2023-07-17
Supported by
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075378，U21B2079)
Lightweight manufacturing is the only way to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals as soon as possible. Aluminum alloy with its low density, high specific strength, recyclability and other advantages such as high shaping, excellent corrosion resistance can be widely used in all walks of life. However, due to its special thermophysical properties and complex alloy chemical composition, welding defects such as pores and hot cracks are prone to occur during the welding process, its further development in the path of lightweight is limited. Combining the advantages of laser welding and arc welding, laser-arc hybrid welding has gradually become an important fusion welding process for efficient and high-quality welding of aluminum alloys with its large welding penetration, high welding efficiency and high welding quality. To grasp the current status of research on laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys, this paper analyzed for the first time the published academic papers in this field from 1995—2021 in the Web of science database through bibliometrics, and visualized the data with VOSviewer software. The results show that the welded joint, microstructure, heat-affected zone, mechanical properties, and laser-arc interaction for the research hotspots, so this paper summarized and analyzed the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys from the above areas, and came up with the selection of the type of joints, the distribution of the microstructure, the enhancement of the mechanical properties, and the mechanism of interaction of the hybrid heat source in the laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminum alloys. It aims to provide reference for subsequent research laser-arc hybrid welding. Finally, based on the current research situation, this paper presented the challenges and the prospect of future work in this field.
LUO Zhen , SU Jie , WANG Xiaohua , XIAO Binbin , SUN Liguo , YANG Yue , BI Yuanbo , ZHANG Yixuan . Research Progress Analysis of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Aluminum Alloys[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science), 2024 , 52(3) : 57 -74 . DOI: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230112
| 1 | DURSUN T， SOUTIS C ．Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloys［J］．Materials & Design，2014，56（2）：862-871. |
| 2 | STARKE E， STALEY J ．Application of modern aluminum alloys to aircraft［J］．Progress in Aerospace Sciences，1996，32（2/3）：131-172. |
| 3 | MILANI A， PAIDAR M， KHODABANDEH A，et al ．Influence of filler wire and wire feed speed on metallurgical and mechanical properties of MIG welding-brazing of automotive galvanized steel/5754 aluminum alloy in a lap joint configuration［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2015，82（9/10/11/12）：1495-1506. |
| 4 | BADINI C， PAVESE M， FINO P，et al ．Laser beam welding of dissimilar aluminium alloys of 2000 and 7000 series：effect of post-welding thermal treatments on T joint strength［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，14（6）：484-492. |
| 5 | WILLIAMS J， STARKE E ．Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems［J］．Acta Materialia，2003，51（19）：5775-5799. |
| 6 | BOGUE R ．Lasers in manufacturing：a review of technologies and applications［J］．Assembly Automation，2015，35（2）：161-165. |
| 7 | SOLORZANO I， DARWISH F， DE M，et al ．Effect of weld metal microstructure on the monotonic and cyclic mechanical behavior of tig welded 2091 Al-Li alloy joints［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，2003，348（1/2）：251-261. |
| 8 | KIM C，AHN Y， LEE K，et al ．High-deposition-rate position welding of Al 5083 alloy for spherical-type liquefied natural gas tank［J］．Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part B：Journal of Engineering Manufacture，2015，230（5）：818-824. |
| 9 | KATAYAMA S， NAGAYAMA H， MIZUTANI M，et al ．Fibre laser welding of aluminium alloy［J］．Welding International，2009，23（10）：744-752. |
| 10 | ASCARI A， FORTUNATO A， ORAZI L，et al ．The influence of process parameters on porosity formation in hybrid LASER-GMA welding of AA6082 aluminum alloy［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2012，44（5）：1485-1490. |
| 11 | ZHOU G， XU J， SHEN Z，et al ．Microstructure and mechanical properties of simultaneously explosively-welded Steel/Cu pipes and Al/Cu pipe/rod［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2019，47（11）：244-253. |
| 12 | 李庆轩，杨旭，秦文斌 ．大功率半导体激光器防反射光损伤技术研究［J］．光电技术应用，2017，32（2）：21-24. |
| LI Qingxuan， YANG Xu， QIN Wenbin ．Research on anti-reflective laser damage technology of high power diode laser［J］．Electrooptic Technology Application，2017，32（2）：21-24. | |
| 13 | BUNAZIV I， AKSELSEN O， REN X，et al ．Laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding of aluminium alloys［J］．Metals．2021，11（8）：1150. |
| 14 | HABOUDOU A， PEYRE P， VANNES A，et al ．Reduction of porosity content generated during Nd：?YAG laser welding of A356 and AA5083 aluminium alloys［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，2003，363（1/2）：40-52. |
| 15 | KUO T， LIN H ．Effects of pulse level of Nd-YAG laser on tensile properties and formability of laser weldments in automotive aluminum alloys［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，2006，416（1/2）：281-289. |
| 16 | JANDAGHI M， PARVIN P， TORKAMANY M，et al ．Alloying elemental change of SS-316 and Al-5754 during laser welding using real time laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） accompanied by EDX and PIXE microanalysis［J］．Physics Procedia，2010，5：107-114. |
| 17 | STEEN W ．Arc augmented laser processing of materials［J］．Journal of Applied Physics，1980，51（11）：5636-5641. |
| 18 | ACHERJEE B ．Hybrid laser arc welding：state-of-art review［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2018，99（10）：60-71. |
| 19 | SWANSON P， PAGE C， READ E，et al ．Plasma augmented laser welding of 6 mm steel plate［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，12（2）：153-160. |
| 20 | GU X， LI H， YANG L，et al ．Coupling mechanism of laser and arcs of laser-twin-arc hybrid welding and its effect on welding process［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2013，48（6）：246-253. |
| 21 | OLSEN F ．Hybrid laser-arc welding［M］．Cambridge，UK：Woodhead Publishing，Elsevier，2009. |
| 22 | XU G， LI L， WANG H，et al ．Simulation and experimental studies of keyhole induced porosity in laser-MIG hybrid fillet welding of aluminum alloy in the horizontal position［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2019，119：105667/1-12. |
| 23 | ATABAKI M， NIKODINOVSKI M， CHENIER P，et al ．Experimental and numerical investigations of hybrid laser arc welding of aluminum alloys in the thick T-joint configuration［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2014，59（4）：68-92. |
| 24 | Ｍ SIMONE， GREVEY D， MATHIEU A，et al ．Using infrared thermography in order to compare laser and hybrid （laser+MIG） welding processes［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2009，41（6）：665-670. |
| 25 | WANG H， ZHANG Z， LIU L ．Prediction and fitting of weld morphology of Al alloy-CFRP welding-rivet hybrid bonding joint based on GA-BP neural network［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2021，63（3）：109-120. |
| 26 | LIU S， LIU F， ZHANG H，et al ．Analysis of droplet transfer mode and forming process of weld bead in CO2 laser-MAG hybrid welding process［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2012，44（4）：1019-1025. |
| 27 | VORONTSOV A， ZYKOVA A， CHUMAEVSKII A，et al ．Outstanding features of high-speed hybrid laser-arc welding compared to high-speed laser welding of AA5059 aluminum alloys［J］．Vacuum，2022，196：110736. |
| 28 | MIAO H， YU G， HE X，et al ．Comparative study of hybrid laser-MIG leading configuration on porosity in aluminum alloy bead-on-plate welding［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2017，91（5/6/7/8）：2681-2688. |
| 29 | ZHANG C， GAO M， WANG D，et al ．Relationship between pool characteristic and weld porosity in laser arc hybrid welding of AA6082 aluminum alloy［J］．Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2017，240（2）：217-222. |
| 30 | CHEN C， SHEN Y， GAO M，et al ．Influence of welding angle on the weld morphology and porosity in laser-arc hybrid welding of AA2219 aluminum alloy［J］．Welding in the World，2019，64（1）：37-45. |
| 31 | CASALINO G， MORTELLO M， LEO P，et al ．Study on arc and laser powers in the hybrid welding of AA5754 Al-alloy［J］．Materials & Design，2014，61（9）：191-198. |
| 32 | ZHANG C， GAO M， ZENG X ．Effect of microstructural characteristics on high cycle fatigue properties of laser-arc hybrid welded AA6082 aluminum alloy［J］．Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2016，231（5）：479-487. |
| 33 | ZHANG C， GAO M， JIANG M，et al ．Effect of weld characteristic on mechanical strength of laser-arc hybrid-welded Al-Mg-Si-Mn aluminum alloy［J］．Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2016，47（11）：5438-5449. |
| 34 | HUANG L， WU D， HUA X，et al ．Effect of the welding direction on the microstructural characterization in fiber laser-GMAW hybrid welding of 5083 aluminum alloy［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2018，31（1）：514-522. |
| 35 | YAN J， GAO M， LI G，et al ．Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-MIG hybrid welding of 1420 Al-Li alloy［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2012，66（9/10/11/12）：1467-1473. |
| 36 | JIANG Z， HUA X， HUANG L，et al ．Double-sided hybrid laser-MIG welding plus MIG welding of 30-mm-thick aluminium alloy［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2018，97（1/2/3/4）：903-913. |
| 37 | OLA O， DOERN F ．Keyhole-induced porosity in laser-arc hybrid welded aluminum［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2015，80（1/2/3/4）：3-10. |
| 38 | 高明 ．CO2激光—电弧复合焊接工艺、机理及质量控制规律研究［D］．武汉：华中科技大学，2007. |
| 39 | 张国瑜 ．AA6082铝合金白车身激光焊接工艺与性能研究［D］．沈阳：沈阳工业大学，2018. |
| 40 | KOU S ．Welding metallurgy［M］．New Jersey：Wiley，2003. |
| 41 | MURPHY A ．Influence of metal vapour on arc temperatures in gas-metal arc welding：convection versus radiation［J］．Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2013，46（22）：1-10. |
| 42 | LU F， WANG H， MURPHY A，et al ．Analysis of energy flow in gas metal arc welding processes through self-consistent three-dimensional process simulation［J］．International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer，2014，68（1）：215-223. |
| 43 | MURPHY A ．A self-consistent three-dimensional model of the arc，electrode and weld pool in gas-metal arc welding［J］．Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2011，44（19）：1-11. |
| 44 | RIBIC B， PALMER T， DEBROY T ．Problems and issues in laser-arc hybrid welding［J］．International Materials Reviews，2013，54（4）：223-244. |
| 45 | LE T， SHEVCHIK S， MEYLAN B，et al ．Why is in situ quality control of laser keyhole welding a real challenge［J］．Procedia CIRP，2018，74（1）：649-653. |
| 46 | FROSTEVARG J， KAPLAN A ．Undercut suppression in laser-arc hybrid welding by melt pool tailoring［J］．Journal of Laser Applications，2014，26（3）：1-3. |
| 47 | BACHMANN M， AVILOV V， GUMENYUK A，et al ．Numerical assessment and experimental verification of the influence of the Hartmann effect in laser beam welding processes by steady magnetic fields［J］．International Journal of Thermal Sciences，2016，101（3）：24-34. |
| 48 | BACHMANN M， AVILOV V， GUMENYUK A，et al ．Experimental and numerical investigation of an electromagnetic weld pool control for laser beam welding［J］．Physics Procedia，2014，56（1）：515-524. |
| 49 | BACHMANN M， AVILOV V， GUMENYUK A，et al ．Numerical simulation of full-penetration laser beam welding of thick aluminium plates with inductive support［J］．Journal of Physics D：Applied Physics，2012，45（3）：1-13. |
| 50 | XU L， TANG X， ZHANG R，et al ．Weld bead characteristics for full-penetration laser welding of aluminum alloy under electromagnetic field support［J］．Journal of Materials Processing Technology．2021，288：116896. |
| 51 | CHO W， NA S， CHO M，et al ．Numerical study of alloying element distribution in CO2 laser-GMA hybrid welding［J］．Computational Materials Science．2010，49（4）：792-800. |
| 52 | ZHAO L， SUGINO T， ARAKANE G，et al ．Influence of welding parameters on distribution of wire feeding elements in CO2 laser GMA hybrid welding［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，14（5）：457-467. |
| 53 | WANG L， GAO M， HAO Z ．A pathway to mitigate macrosegregation of laser-arc hybrid Al-Si welds through beam oscillation［J］．International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer，2020，151：119467. |
| 54 | LIU J， KOU S ．Crack susceptibility of binary aluminum alloys during solidification［J］．Acta Materialia，2016，110（5）：84-94. |
| 55 | KOU S ．A criterion for cracking during solidification［J］．Acta Materialia，2015，88（4）：366-374. |
| 56 | HU B， RICHARDSON I. Microstructure and mechanical properties of AA7075（T6） hybrid laser/GMA welds［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，2007，459（1/2）：94-100. |
| 57 | LEO P， D’OSTUNI S， CASALINO G ．Hybrid welding of AA5754 annealed alloy：role of post weld heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties［J］．Materials & Design，2016，90（1）：777-786. |
| 58 | WANG H， LIU X， LIU L ．Research on laser-TIG hybrid welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloys joint and post heat treatment［J］．Metals，2020，10（1）：130. |
| 59 | WANG Q， CHEN H， ZHU Z，et al ．A characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy hybrid fiber laser-MIG welded joint［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2016，86（5/8）：1375-1384. |
| 60 | GU J， YANG S， XIONG Q，et al ．Microstructure and mechanical study on laser-arc-welded Al-Zn-Mg alloy［J］．Materials Transactions，2020，61（1）：119-126. |
| 61 | YANG M， LU J， WANG H，et al ．Effect of the laser power on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the laser-MIG hybrid welding joints of the 2195 Al-Li alloy［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2020，26（1）：75-83. |
| 62 | YAN S， NIE Y， ZHU Z，et al ．Characteristics of microstructure and fatigue resistance of hybrid fiber laser-MIG welded Al-Mg alloy joints［J］．Applied Surface Science，2014，298（4）：12-18. |
| 63 | YAN S， CHEN H， ZHU Z，et al ．Hybrid laser-metal Inert gas welding of Al-Mg-Si alloy joints：microstructure and mechanical properties［J］．Materials & Design，2014，61（9）：160-167. |
| 64 | YAN S， ZHU Z， MA C，et al ．Porosity formation and its effect on the properties of hybrid laser welded Al alloy joints［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2019，104（5/6/7/8）：2645-2656. |
| 65 | YAN S， XING B， ZHOU H，et al ．Effect of filling materials on the microstructure and properties of hybrid laser welded Al-Mg-Si alloys joints［J］．Materials Characterization，2018，144（10）：205-218. |
| 66 | WU S， HU Y， DUAN H，et al ．On the fatigue performance of laser hybrid welded high Zn 7000 alloys for next generation railway components［J］．International Journal of Fatigue，2016，91（10）：1-10. |
| 67 | WU S， HU Y， SONG X，et al ．On the microstructural and mechanical characterization of hybrid laser-welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys［J］．Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance，2015，24（4）：1540-1550. |
| 68 | LIU S， LI J， MI G，et al ．Study on laser-MIG hybrid welding characteristics of A7N01-T6 aluminum alloy［J］．The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2016，87（1/2/3/4）：1135-1144. |
| 69 | WANG Q， CHEN H， ZHU Z，et al ．Mechanical properties of a dissimilar aluminum alloy joint welded by hybrid laser-MIG welding［J］．International Journal of Modern Physics B，2017，31（1）：16-19. |
| 70 | YAN J， ZENG X， GAO M，et al ．Effect of welding wires on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2A12 aluminum alloy in CO2 laser-MIG hybrid welding［J］．Applied Surface Science，2009，255（16）：7307-7313. |
| 71 | ZHANG C， ZHANG H， WANG L，et al ．Microcracking and mechanical properties in laser-arc hybrid welding of wrought Al-6Cu aluminum alloy［J］．Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2018，49（10）：4441-4445. |
| 72 | CARUSO S， SGAMBITTERRA E， RINALDI S，et al ．Experimental comparison of the MIG，friction stir welding，cold metal transfer and hybrid laser-MIG processes for AA 6005-T6 aluminium alloy［C］∥Proceedings of the AIP Conference．［S.l.］：AIP Publishing LLC，2016：100004. |
| 73 | YAN S， CHEN H， MA C，et al ．Local corrosion behaviour of hybrid laser-MIG welded Al-Zn-Mg alloy joints［J］．Materials & Design，2015，88（12）：1353-1365. |
| 74 | WU D， LIU D， NIU F，et al ．Al-Cu alloy fabricated by novel laser-tungsten inert gas hybrid additive manufacturing［J］．Additive Manufacturing，2020，32：100954. |
| 75 | YAN S， QIN Q， CHEN H，et al ．Hybrid laser welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys：welding processing，microstructure，properties and modelling［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2020，56：295-305. |
| 76 | CUI L， LI X， HE D，et al ．Effect of Nd：YAG laser welding on microstructure and hardness of an Al-Li based alloy［J］．Materials Characterization，2012，71（9）：95-102. |
| 77 | MATHERS G ．The welding of aluminium and its alloys［M］．Cambridge：Woodhead Publishing，Elsevier，2002. |
| 78 | LIU D， WU D， MA G，et al ．Effect of post-deposition heat treatment on laser-TIG hybrid additive manufactured Al-Cu alloy［J］．Virtual and Physical Prototyping，2020，15（4）：445-459. |
| 79 | ION J ．Laser beam welding of wrought aluminium alloys［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，5（5）：265-276. |
| 80 | JAIN M， ALLIN J， BULL M ．Deep drawing characteristics of automotive aluminum alloys［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，1998，256（1/2）：69-82. |
| 81 | GOU G， HUANG N， CHEN H，et al ．Research on corrosion behavior of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy welded joint for high-speed trains［J］．Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2012，26（5）：1471-1476. |
| 82 | EDWARDS G， STILLER K， DUNLOP G，et al ．The precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si alloys［J］．Acta Materialia，1998，46（11）：3893-3904. |
| 83 | LEO P， RENNA G， CASALINO G，et al ．Effect of power distribution on the weld quality during hybrid laser welding of an Al-Mg alloy［J］．Optics & Laser Technology，2015，73（1）：118-126. |
| 84 | FARAJI A， MORADI M， GOODARZI M，et al ．An investigation on capability of hybrid Nd：YAG laser-TIG welding technology for AA2198 Al-Li alloy［J］．Optics and Lasers in Engineering，2017，96（8）：1-6. |
| 85 | ZHAN X， ZHAO Y， LIU Z，et al ．Microstructure and porosity characteristics of 5A06 aluminum alloy joints using laser-MIG hybrid welding［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2018，35（8）：437-445. |
| 86 | ZHANG D， JIN X， GAO L，et al ．Effect of laser-arc hybrid welding on fracture and corrosion behaviour of AA6061-T6 alloy［J］．Materials Science and Engineering：A，2011，528（6）：2748-2754. |
| 87 | HU Y， WU S， GUO Y，et al ．Inhibiting weld cracking in high-strength aluminium alloys［J］．Nature Communication，2022，13（1）：5816. |
| 88 | FELLMAN A， SALMINEN A ．Study of the phenomena of fiber laser-MAG hybrid welding［C］∥Processing of International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics．Los Angeles：Laser Institute of America，2007. |
| 89 | GAO M， ZENG X， HU Q ．Effects of welding parameters on melting energy of CO2 laser-GMA hybrid welding［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，11（5）：517-522. |
| 90 | HU B， DEN O ．Laser induced stabilisation of the welding arc［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2013，10（1）：76-81. |
| 91 | TIX C， GRATZKE U， SIMON G ．Absorption of the laser beam by the plasma in deep laser beam welding of metals［J］．Journal of Applied Physics，1995，78（11）：6448-6453. |
| 92 | BIBIK O， BRODYAQIN V， ROKLADOV Y ．Special features of interaction of laser radiation with the electric welding arc in the combined laser-arc welding［J］．Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment，1990，24（2）：176-178. |
| 93 | LIU L， CHEN M， LI C ．Effect of electric arc on laser keyhole behavior based on direct observation during low power pulsed laser-arc hybrid welding process［J］．Optics and Lasers in Engineering，2013，51（10）：1153-1160. |
| 94 | GAO M， ZHANG Y， MENG Y ．Interface homogenization and its relationship with tensile properties of laser-arc hybrid welded Al/steel butt-joint via beam oscillation［J］．Journal of Materials Science，2021，56（25）：14126-14138. |
| 95 | 杨翰文 ．激光-电弧复合热源焊接过程质量监测系统的研制［D］．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2016. |
| 96 | 刘秀航，黄宇辉，张艳喜，等 ．基于BP神经网络补偿卡尔曼滤波的激光-MIG复合焊缝熔宽在线检测［J］．中国激光，2022，49（16）：115-121. |
| LIU Xiuhang， HUANG Yuhui， ZHANG Yanxi，et al ．Online weld width detection of laser-MIG hybrid welding based on Kalman Filter Algorithm compensated by BP neural network［J］．Chinese Journal of Lasers，2022，49（16）：115-121. | |
| 97 | 叶广文，刘倩雯，范西岸，等 ．激光-MIG复合焊接熔滴过渡对焊缝表面成形的影响［J］．中国激光，2022，49（8）：127-139. |
| YE Guangwen， LIU Qianwen， FAN Xi’an，et al ．Effect of droplet transition on weld surface formation of laser-MIG hybrid welding［J］．Chinese Journal of Lasers，2022，49（8）：127-139. | |
| 98 | FROSTEVARG J， KAPLAN A， LAMAS J ．Comparison of CMT with other arc modes for laser-arc hybrid welding of steel［J］．Welding in the World，2014，58（5）：649-660. |
| 99 | BUNAZIV I， FROSTEVARG J， AKSELSEN O，et al ．Process stability during fiber laser-arc hybrid welding of thick steel plates［J］．Optics and Lasers in Engineering，2018，102（5）：34-44. |
| 100 | MENG Y， GAO M， ZENG X ．Quantitative analysis of synergic effects during laser-arc hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy［J］．Optics and Lasers in Engineering，2018，111（6）：183-192. |
| 101 | WANG L， LI X， GAO M，et al ．Stabilization mechanism and weld morphological features of fiber laser-arc hybrid welding of pure copper［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2017，27（9）：207-213. |
| 102 | GAO X， WANG L， CHEN Z，et al ．Process stability analysis and weld formation evaluation during disk laser-MAG hybrid welding［J］．Optics and Lasers in Engineering，2020，124：105835. |
| 103 | 焦智，檀朝彬，耿树芳，等 ．基于红外热成像技术的管道激光/电弧复合焊质量在线监测系统［J］．焊接，2017（1）：60-63，71. |
| JIAO Zhi， TAN Zhaobin， GENG Shufang，et al ．Laser-arc hybrid welding quality monitoring system for pipeline based on infrared thermal imaging analyzed technology［J］．Welding & Joining，2017（1）：60-63，71. | |
| 104 | 马尧睿，蔡创，刘致杰，等 ．基于LabVIEW的激光-MIG复合焊接过程等离子体监测［J］．中国激光，2022，49（2）：153-164. |
| MA Yaorui， CAI Chuang， LIU Zhijie，et al ．Plasma monitoring during laser-MIG hybrid welding process based on LabVIEW［J］．Chinese Journal of Lasers，2022，49（2）：153-164. | |
| 105 | PENG G， CHANG B， XUE B，et al ．Closed loop control of medium-thickness plate arc welding based on weld-face vision sensing［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2021，68（3）：371-382. |
| 106 | 王煜，高向东，陈子琴，等 ．激光-MAG复合焊接过程金属蒸气和背部熔池图像分析［J］．机械工程学报，2019，55（19）：167-173. |
| WANG Yu， GAO Xiangdong， CHEN Ziqin，et al ．Analysis of the images of metal vapor and bottom-molten pool in laser-MAG hybrid welding process［J］．Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，55（19）：167-173. | |
| 107 | YE G， GAO X， LIU Q，et al ．Prediction of weld back width based on top vision sensing during laser-MIG hybrid welding［J］．Journal of Manufacturing Processes，2022，84（4）：1376-1388. |
| 108 | HUMMEL M， SCHOLER C， HAUSLER A，et al ．New approaches on laser micro welding of copper by using a laser beam source with a wavelength of 450 nm［J］．Journal of Advanced Joining Process，2020，1：100012. |
| 109 | 顾波 ．高功率蓝光半导体激光器为金属加工打开了新的大门［J］．金属加工（热加工），2021（3）：1-6. |
| GU Bo ．High power blue diode laser opens a new door for metal processing［J］．Metal Working （Hot Working），2021（3）：1-6. | |
| 110 | 肖燕，陈明智，卢轶，等 ．航空光电雷达电机换向器激光沉积再制造［J］．中国表面工程，2022，35（4）：223-231. |
| XIAO Yan， CHEN Mingzhi， LU Yi，et al ．Remanufacturing of the aviation photoelectric radar motor Commutator by laser deposition［J］．China Surface Engineering，2022，35（4）：223-231. | |
| 111 | 杨永强，温娅玲，王迪，等 ．蓝光激光定向能量沉积纯铜零件的工艺及性能［J］．焊接学报，2022，43（8）：80-86，118-119. |
| YANG Yongqiang， WEN Yaling， WANG Di，et al ．Process and performance of pure copper parts formed by blue laser directed energy deposition［J］．Transaction of the China Welding Institution，2022，43（8）：80-86，118-119. | |
| 112 | 马国龙 ．双焦点光纤激光焊接特性及熔池行为研究［D］．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2017. |
| 113 | DEUTSCH M， PUNKARI A， WECKMAN D，et al ．Weldability of 1.6 mm thick aluminium alloy 5182 sheet by single and dual beam Nd：YAG laser welding［J］．Science and Technology of Welding & Joining，2003，8（4）：246-256. |
| 114 | PUNKARI A， WECKMAN D， KERR H ．Effects of magnesium content on dual beam Nd：YAG laser welding of Al-Mg alloys［J］．Science and Technology of Welding & Joining，2003，8（4）：269-281. |
| 115 | 孟圣昊，宮建锋，邹吉鹏，等 ．铝合金双光束激光填丝焊接熔丝特征分析［J］．上海航天（中英文），2020，37（3）：51-60. |
| MENG Shenghao， GONG Jianfeng， ZOU Jipeng，et al ．Analysis of melting characteristics of welding wires for aluminum alloy double-beam laser filler wire welding［J］．Aerospace Shanghai，2020，37（3）：51-60. | |
| 116 | SCHULTZ V， SEEFELD T， VOLLERTSEN F ．Gap bridging ability in laser beam welding of thin aluminum sheets［J］．Physics Procedia，2014，56（1）：545-553. |
| 117 | WANG L， GAO M， ZHANG C，et al ．Effect of beam oscillating pattern on weld characterization of laser welding of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy［J］．Materials & Design，2016，108（9）：707-717. |
| 118 | WANG L， LIU Y， YANG C，et al ．Study of porosity suppression in oscillating laser-MIG hybrid welding of AA6082 aluminum alloy［J］．Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2021，292：117053. |
| 119 | 黎炳蔚 ．激光-CMT电弧复合焊接熔滴过渡行为研究［D］．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2017. |
| 120 | WU S， LI Z， QI E，et al ．Impact of Nb on microstructure and properties of oscillating laser-CMT hybrid welding joints of A7204P-T4 aluminium alloy sheets［J］．Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2021，26（4），273-278. |
| 121 | 梅述文，成群林，姜勇，等 ．铝/钢异种合金激光-电弧复合焊接接头的界面性能及抗拉强度［J］．中国有色金属学报，2015，25（2）：351-359. |
| MEI Shuwen， CHENG Qunlin， JIANG Yong，et al ．Interfacial properties and tensile strength of laser arc hybrid welded dissimilar Al/steel joint［J］．The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals，2015，25（2）：351-359. | |
| 122 | ZHANG C， LI G， GAO M，et al ．Microstructure and process characterization of laser-cold metal transfer hybrid welding of AA6061 aluminum alloy［J］．International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2013，68（5/6/7/8）：1253-1260. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |