In order to analyze the microwave ice melting rate，the properties of various kinds of absorbing aggregates and powders were analyzed to determine the concrete mix ratio of different materials and structures． Microwave heating test was carried out on various prepared concrete specimens of absorbing channel surface structure． By measuring the temperature change on the surface of the concrete specimen，the regularity of the influence of different factors on the temperature rise was analyzed，and the structure of the absorbing channel surface based on the law of the surface temperature rise was proposed． The results show that，the reduction of the waveguide opening distance can increase the temperature rise rate of the concrete specimen surface to a certain extent; the temperature rise rate of the bottom screen and free state wave-absorbing concrete specimens is significantly higher than that of the side screen and full screen state; the increase in the thickness of the part will cause the surface heating rate to decrease; the concrete surface absorbing heating rate decreases with the increase of the concrete moisture content; the absorbing surface structure has more efficient ice melting than the layered thin layer structure． Finally，3 typical absorber surface structures were recommended based on the surface heating characteristics．