Aiming at the problem of fluid - solid coupling topology design for the groove structure under the condition of open - loop condition which needs to meet the performance requirements in a variety of operating conditions, the article proposed a comprehensive performance evaluation method for multi - way valve topology design of the groove structure. In this paper, the hydraulic excavator swing-valve is the object, the spool reversal process is divided into fretting, proportional speed control and full opening sections. The paper set the topology of the groove structure parameter as the design variable and set the performance evaluations of the three opening sections as a goal, finally constructed the topology optimized design model of the groove structure for the comprehensive performance evaluation of multi – way valve which needs to meet the performance requirements in a variety of operating conditions. After verifying that the CFD simulation results of the multi-way valve are basically consistent with its experimental results, the simulation results of the above optimization model are simulated. The results show that the steady state comprehensive performance corresponding to the topology of the optimized structure is significantly improved, which indicates that the proposed method is effective for the topology design of multi - way structure which needs to meet the complex conditions and has the reference value.