In May 2015，eight academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and eight experts of China National Light Industry Council jointly offered a proposal entitled“Popularizing the Advanced Technological Mode of Pulp and Papermaking Using Agricultural Straw”to the Chinese government，which has attracted the attention of national authorities． This paper first discusses the advanced technology system containing the pulping，bleaching and black liquor treatment of agricultural straw，and then optimizes and evaluates the advanced technologies from the perspectives of resource and energy consumption，investment and running cost，pollution level，pulp quality and technology maturity． Thus，the advanced technological mode，which can be popularized and applied in the pulp and papermaking using agriculture straw，is obtained． This study provides theoretical basis and technological support for the above proposal．