The thermal insulation components of cement-based non-intumescent fireproof coating are the key to its high temperature insulation performance． In this paper，ternary composite thermal insulation system of aerogel powder，hollow resin ball，and sealed pores are used． The effect of variation of three thermal insulation components volume fraction on the high temperature thermal insulation performance of cement-based coatings is investigated in the condition of constant volume of all thermal insulation components． The change law of ternary composite thermal insulation system is analyzed by concentration triangle． The result shows that the high temperature insulation performance of aerogel powder is significantly better than that of hollow resin ball and sealed pores． In the two binary composite thermal insulation systems of aerogel and hollow resin ball，aerogel and sealed pore，as the volume fraction of aerogel powder increases，the high temperature thermal insulation performance of the sample increases significantly． In the ternary composite thermal insulation system of aerogel，hollow resin ball and sealed pore，the specimens have a high temperature insulation performance when the volume fraction of aerogel powder is between 0. 33 and 0. 78 and the volume fractions of hollow resin ball and sealed pores are close to each other．