In order to solve the coupling problem of multi-hammer excitation, firstly, a dynamic model of two vibration hammers is constructed and a mathematical equation of system is deduced by means of the Lagrangian method. Next, the energy distribution during the electromechanical coupling process is solved through the energy distribution method, the coupling laws of the excitation system in each frequency range are discussed, and the conditions of system vibration synchronization are deduced on the basis of the Hamilton principle. Thus, the stable region of phase difference is obtained. Then, a synchronous control system for multi-Hammer excitation is established to investigate the synchronous control with coupling, and a control mode on the basis of the speed regulation of adjacent deviation coupling and the dynamic phase regulation of virtual master bang-bang is proposed. Finally, both the theoretical analysis and the proposed control mode are verified by tests. The results show that (1) the coupling energy of resonance points do not affect the phase difference; (2) the phase difference tends to be zero in a low frequency range, ±π/2 in the region close to resonance and ±π in the super-harmonic resonance region; and (3) the proposed control mode achieves a good system synchronization effect.