Layout Optimization of Static Wireless Charging Facilities for Electric Buses by Considering Battery Degradation Characteristics

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.230359

Abstract

Abstract:

As the existing layout schemes of static wireless charging (SWC) facilities often neglect battery degradation costs, this paper proposes a layout optimization method of SWC facilities for electric buses by considering battery degradation characteristics. Firstly, by considering the operation characteristics of electric buses under opportunity charging mode, a layout optimization method of SWC facilities is developed with simultaneous consideration of charger deployment costs and battery degradation costs, with the function mechanism of battery state of charge (SOC) variety ranges on battery degradation rate being integrated into the model, and with the accumulated energy consumption constraints being introduced in the model to ensure that the SWC layout scheme can satisfy the bus route operation demands. Then, an improved TS (Tabu Search) algorithm is presented to solve the model by overcoming its computational complexity, and the initial solution and neighborhood structure of the algorithm are constructed according to the model characteristics. Finally, a numerical example is designed to verify the model and algorithm. The results indicate that the layout of SWC facilities has significant effects on battery degradation; that the proposed model can reduce 3.8% of the total annualized cost, as compared with the conventional model that neglects the battery degradation characteristics; that the battery degradation cost accounts for up to 72.3% of the total annualized cost under current battery technology and cost conditions; and that the improved TS algorithm is better than the original one because it significantly improves the solution efficiency. Moreover, a sensitive analysis is conducted to explore the impacts of multiple critical factors on optimal results, finding that both the upper bound of battery SOC and the SWC facility charging power have significant negative correlation with the total annualized cost, while the battery’s unit capacity cost, the SWC facility layout cost and the vehicle energy consumption rate all have positive correlation with the total annualized cost in various degrees.

Key words: electric bus, static wireless charging, layout optimization, battery degradation

CLC Number:

U491.2

WANG Yongxing, BI Jun, XIE Dongfan, et al. Layout Optimization of Static Wireless Charging Facilities for Electric Buses by Considering Battery Degradation Characteristics[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(6): 45-55.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Table 2

Parameter values in the numerical example"

场景参数	取值
SWC设施单位年均布设成本 $c S W C$ /（元·个^-1）	17 500
电池单位容量成本 $c b a t$ /（元·kW^-1·h^-1）	3 500
电池额定容量g/（kW·h）	100
SWC设施的充电功率ρ/kW	180
站点可用充电时长 $τ ˜$ /min	1
电池SOC值的下界 $ε l$ /%	20
电池SOC值的上界 $ε u$ /%	100

Table 2

Fig.4

Table 3

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

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公交线路编号	每日承担的总车次任务数f_i /班	单位行驶能耗q_i /（kW·h·km^-1）	年运行时间n_i /d
1	96	1.267	365
2	64	1.264	365
3	120	1.284	365
4	80	1.249	365

算例场景	SWC设施布设成本/万元	电池老化成本/万元	年均总成本/万元
考虑电池老化特征	5.25	13.72	18.97
不考虑电池老化特征	5.25	14.47	19.72

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