Design of Speed Limit at Expressway in Rainy Day Considering Drivers’ Visual Search Ability

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.220552

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that drivers cannot accurately recognize the roadside information at expressway due to high speed in rainy day, this study firstly selected vehicle speed, clarity degree of drivers’ visual field pictures, line-of-sight angle and fixation distribution percentage as the attention distribution indicators in rainy day based on the attention distribution theory. And Fisher discrimination analysis method was used to establish the quantitative model of visual search ability. Secondly, a simulation driving software UC-win/Road was used to build an experimental platform. Rainfall intensity and vehicle speed were selected as the influencing factors, the change rule of driver’s attention distribution indicators under the cooperation of the two factors was studied, the relationship between rainfall intensity, speed and visual search ability was established, and the matching scheme between rainfall intensity and speed limit was proposed. The results show that the increase of vehicle speed and rainfall intensity would make it difficult for drivers to observe roadside information. To reduce the driving risk, the driver would change the visual search strategy and increase the focus on the front of the road, which reducing the visual search efficiency of the observation target. Therefore, drivers need to spend more efforts to transfer attention when the matching between rainfall intensity and vehicle speed is unreasonable, resulting in the inability to find roadside information in time. In addition, the overall correct percentage of classification of the model is 85.94%, which indicates that the model can evaluate drivers’ visual search ability. Finally, the speed limit schemes based on stopping sight distance and that considering drivers’ visual search ability of roadside information were compared. The results show that the speed limit calculated based on stopping sight distance is higher. To avoid that drivers cannot accurately identify the roadside information due to the high speed, the speed limit of light-rainy day, moderate-rainy day and heavy-rainy day should not exceed 100, 70 and 50 km/h, respectively.

Key words: traffic engineering, roadside traffic information, visual search ability, attention distribution theory, speed limit at expressway in rainy day

CLC Number:

U491.25

WANG Linhong, LI Hongtao, LI Ruonan. Design of Speed Limit at Expressway in Rainy Day Considering Drivers’ Visual Search Ability[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 51(6): 20-29.

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天气类型	天气参数				挡风玻璃噪声
天气类型	雨滴尺寸系数	雨滴密度系数	雾密度系数	积水反射率/%	噪声强度系数	雨帘厚度系数
晴天	0.0	0.0	0.00	0	0.00	0.00
小雨	0.3	0.3	0.15	9	0.15	0.15
中雨	0.6	0.6	0.30	18	0.30	0.30
大雨	0.8	0.8	0.40	24	0.40	0.40

车速/（km·h^-1）	P/%
	道路左侧		道路中央		道路右侧		仪表盘
	外侧	内侧	远方	前方	内侧	外侧	仪表盘
15	9.55	0.61	54.51	26.62	0.93	3.89	3.73
30	5.58	1.02	54.08	30.84	1.07	5.55	2.17
45	5.70	0.64	47.88	37.39	2.67	3.33	2.29
60	3.92	0.47	48.13	41.53	1.76	4.60	1.83
75	3.65	1.18	49.09	42.12	1.06	2.87	2.51
90	7.63	0.27	47.39	45.97	0.09	2.40	1.59
105	3.85	0.16	46.95	46.70	0.21	6.23	1.25
120	4.08	0.00	44.68	48.84	0.95	4.81	1.32

天气类型	P/%
	道路左侧		道路中央		道路右侧		仪表盘
	外侧	内侧	远方	前方	内侧	外侧	仪表盘
晴天	10.65	0.26	77.08	3.66	0.52	5.48	1.71
小雨	9.95	0.69	72.98	8.42	1.00	7.11	1.53
中雨	6.26	1.18	57.76	26.11	1.76	6.49	2.24
大雨	0.69	0.94	23.21	72.20	2.15	0.08	2.83

样本标签	正确判别数	错误判别数	合计	正确百分比/%
合计	165	27	192	85.94
识别	65	16	81	80.25
未识别	100	11	111	90.09

降雨量	S_v/m	设计限速值/（km·h^-1）
降雨量	S_v/m	方案1	方案2
小雨	1 000	120	100
中雨	500	120	70
大雨	200	90	50