为筛选兼具优良安全性及高抑菌活性的罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株，本研究以实验室前期分离并保存的罗伊氏乳杆菌GZMV125（Limosilactobacillus reuteri GZMV125）为研究对象，采用全基因组解析与多层面实验验证相结合的策略，系统评价其生物安全性、碳水化合物代谢特性及抑菌潜力，并揭示功能特性的遗传机制。基因组分析显示，该菌株含1个环状染色体和1个质粒，编码基因占比高，无关键致病毒力因子，携带细菌素转运相关基因及III型聚酮合酶基因簇。安全性实验证实其无溶血活性，抗生素敏感谱符合安全菌株特征，生物安全性优良。抑菌实验表明，其发酵上清液对多种食源性致病菌抑制作用显著，对单核细胞增生李斯特菌抑制效果最优。碳水化合物代谢研究明确其可高效利用葡萄糖、木糖等多种碳源，抑菌活性呈碳水化合物依赖性，木糖为诱导最强抑菌活性的最优碳水化合物，核心机制为碳水化合物利用介导的高活菌密度与强产酸能力，构建了“基因组代谢潜能-碳水化合物利用表型-抑菌功能”调控关联。综上，罗伊氏乳杆菌GZMV125兼具高安全性、广抑菌谱及强碳水化合物利用适应性，具备开发为益生菌制剂或食品发酵菌株的巨大潜力，本研究为其食品级产业化应用提供了科学依据与理论支撑。

To screen Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains that combine excellent safety with high antimicrobial activity, this study used the previously isolated and preserved strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri GZMV125（L. reuteri GZMV125）as the research subject. An integrated strategy combining whole-genome analysis with multi-level experimental validation was employed to systematically evaluate its biosafety, carbohydrate- metabolizing characteristics, and antimicrobial potential, and to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying these functional traits. Genome analysis revealed that the strain harbors one circular chromosome and one plasmid with a high coding density, lacks key virulence factors, and carries bacteriocin-transport-related genes and a type-III polyketide synthase gene cluster. Safety assays confirmed the absence of hemolytic activity and an antibiotic-susceptibility profile consistent with safe strains, indicating excellent biosafety. Antimicrobial tests showed that the cell-free supernatant significantly inhibited diverse food-borne pathogens, with the strongest effect against Listeria monocytogenes. Carbohydrate-metabolism studies demonstrated efficient utilization of glucose, xylose, and other carbon sources; antimicrobial activity was carbohydrate-dependent, with xylose inducing the highest activity. The core mechanism is carbohydrate-mediated high viable-cell density and strong acid-production capacity, establishing a regulatory link among “genomic metabolic potential–carbohydrate -utilization phenotype–antimicrobial function”. In summary, L. reuteri GZMV125 combines high safety, a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and strong adaptability to carbohydrate utilization, offering great potential for development as a probiotic or food-fermentation starter. This study provides a scientific basis and theoretical support for its food-grade industrial application.