为揭示电弧等离子体的分布特性和流场行为，进而分析外部参数与电弧行为的关系，基于磁流体动力学（MHD）理论，对同轴双气室结构等离子体发生器中的电弧等离子体进行了数值模拟。研究采用轴对称模型，结合流场与电磁场的耦合计算，探讨了弧压、阴极斑点分布与气流参数之间的关系。仿真结果表明，弧压对径向气流较不敏感，在所研究的参数范围内，径向气压波动对弧压的影响幅度最高仅为4.2%，而与轴向气流速度呈强正相关性，并通过拟合得到了它们的关系式。温度、速度分布分析显示，喷口的最高温度可达到3 500 K以上，喷口性能足以满足点燃劣质煤并稳定燃烧的需求。此外，研究证实了同轴双气室结构在合理的气流设置下，可以使等离子体点火器兼备高功率和更长的电极寿命，揭示了同轴双气室结构的防烧蚀机制，即两路气流的交替冲扫作用——轴向气流主要控制输出功率，径向气流则通过周期性波动控制弧根位置，避免发生单点烧蚀，从而延长电极的使用寿命。研究还在优化设计试验中确定了两路气流的平衡点，为未来等离子体发生器长寿命化研究提供了理论支持。

To reveal the distribution characteristics of the arc-plasma and the behavior of the flow field and further analyze the relationship between external parameters and arc behavior, this study conducts a numerical simulation of a coaxial dual-chamber plasma generator based on Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) theory. The research investigates the correlations among arc voltage, cathode spot distribution, and airflow parameters with the axisymmetric model by incorporating coupled calculations of the flow field and electromagnetic field. The simulation results indicate that arc voltage is relatively insensitive to radial airflow; within the studied parameter range, fluctuations in radial airflow pressure have a maximum impact of only 4.2% on arc voltage. In contrast, arc voltage exhibits a strong positive correlation with axial airflow velocity, and a fitted correlation equation has been obtained. Temperature and velocity distribution analyses show that the maximum nozzle temperature exceeds 3 500 K, ensuring sufficient ignition capability for low-quality coal and stable combustion performance. Moreover, the results confirm that, under proper airflow configuration, the coaxial dual-chamber structure enables plasma igniters to achieve both high power and extended electrode lifespan. It reveals the anti-ablation mechanism of this structure, namely, the alternating sweeping effect of the two gas flows—the axial flow primarily controls the output power, while the radial flow regulates the arc root position through periodic fluctuations, thereby preventing single-point erosion and extending the electrode lifespan. Furthermore, the study further identifies the balance point between the two gas flows through optimized design experiments, providing theoretical support for future research on the long-term durability of plasma generators.