现有应急救援装备功能单一、灵活性不高，难以满足地震等地质灾害下的复杂应急作业需求。鉴于此，该文设计了一种可实现属具快速切换及位姿自由调整的机电液快换装置，该装置可快速集成到应急救援装备上完成高机动、多功能救援作业任务。首先，模拟分析了快换装置的极端受载特性及工作过程中的应力、应变情况，确定了装置的薄弱位置及载荷谱；然后，推导建立了确定性与随机性周期应力作用下考虑循环损伤强度退化的可靠性理论模型，明确了快换装置回转机构可靠度与失效率的映射关系；接着，基于线弹性断裂力学分析了倾斜油缸活塞杆薄弱件的裂纹扩展情况，采用局部应力应变法确定了快换装置的疲劳寿命，确保快换装置满足使用要求；最后，将快换装置集成到步履式救援机器人上进行测试和验证。结果表明，该快换装置可实现挖斗、抓手等各种属具的快速切换，切换时间小于15 s，同时增加了±40°的偏摆和±360°的旋转自由度，可满足多自由度灵活作业需求。该文研究成果可为同类快换装置的设计提供理论参考。

Due to its single function and low flexibility, the existing emergency rescue equipment is difficult to meet the requirements of complex emergency operations under geological disasters such as earthquake. To solve this problem, an electromechanical hydraulic quick coupling device, which can realize fast change of attachments and free adjustment of posture, is designed. The device can be quickly integrated into emergency rescue equipment to complete high-mobility and multi-function rescue tasks. In the investigation, first, the extreme load characteristics, as well as the stress and strain situations during the operation of the device are simulated and analyzed, through which the weak part and load spectrum are determined. Then, the reliability theoretical models considering cyclic damage strength degradation under deterministic and random periodic stress are deduced and established, and the mapping relationship between the reliability and the failure rate of the rotating mechanism is determined. Furthermore, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, the crack propagation of the weak part of inclined oil cylinder’s piston rod is analyzed, and the fatigue life of the device is determined via the local stress strain method to ensure that the device can meet the application requirements. Finally, the developed device is integrated into the walking rescue robot. Test results show that the proposed quick coupling device can realize the rapid switching of various attachments such as bucket and gripper, with a switching time of less than 15 s, as well as the increases by ±40° yaw and ±360° rotation degrees of freedom, thus meeting the requirements of flexible operation. This research provides theoretical reference for the design of similar devices.