实现交通强国目标要求高度发展基础设施、构建高效运营体系、推动技术创新和实现可持续发展。在双碳目标这一背景下，交通部门需通过能源转型实现深度减碳，这既符合交通强国构建过程中的可持续发展要素，也需要避免因能源转型决策错误或过于急切而对交通基础设施、运营体系的资源配置产生负面影响，从而影响交通强国战略的顺利推进。交通能源转型涉及多个关键决策变量，如汽车动力技术、基础设施建设、用户行为和政策制定等，其复杂性和重要性不容忽视。该文旨在从交通强国和双碳目标相融合的角度，结合综述和案例研究，深入探讨交通能源转型决策分析的意义、方法、工具和经验，为国家政策的制定和企业决策提供理论与实践参考，引发对相关决策分析的重视和研究。首先，对交通能源转型决策分析的内涵和动机进行了阐述。然后，从汽车动力技术、基础设施、用户行为和政策制定4个角度出发，运用优化模型思维方法，并引用已有文献中的分析案例进行详细示范，涵盖诸如电动车辆行驶里程优化、充电网络规划、用户选择行为决策、政策减排效益及公平性等内容。此外，借助已发表的案例或政策实施情况，着重指出了交通能源转型决策分析中不当假设可能对行业和社会产生的影响。最后，总结了交通能源转型决策分析的重要性和可操作性，提出了若干研究课题建议，以促进该领域的深入研究。该文研究内容可为交通能源转型决策提供全面的理论支持和实践参考，有利于推动我国交通领域的可持续发展。

To achieve the goal of building a country with strong transportation network, it is necessary to highly develop infrastructure, establish an efficient operational system, promote technological innovation, and achieve sustainable development. Under the dual carbon goals, the sector of transportation must achieve deep carbon reduction through energy transition. This aligns with the sustainable development element in the process of building a country with strong transportation network. However, it is also essential to avoid negative impacts on resource allocation for transportation infrastructure and operational systems due to errors or overly hasty decisions in energy transition. Such impacts could hinder the smooth advancement of the strategy to build a country with strong transportation network. Because energy transition involves many key decision factors such as vehicle power technology, infrastructure building, user conduct, and policy-making, its complexity and importance can’t be ignored. This paper aims to delve into the significance, methods, tools, and experiences of decision-making analysis for transportation energy transition at the intersection of building a country with strong transportation network and achieving the dual carbon goals. By combining literature reviews and case studies, it seeks to provide theoretical and practical reference for national policies and corporate decision-making, while also fostering greater attention and research on related decision-making analyses. Firstly, this paper describes the meaning and motivation of transportation energy decision-making analysis and abstractly summarizes it relying on an optimization model framework. Secondly, based on the vehicle power technology, infrastructure, user conduct, and policy-making, a detailed demonstration is carried out by using the optimization model framework mentioned above and citing analytical cases in existing cases which include mileage optimization of an electric vehicle, charging network planning, user conduct of making choice, emission reduction and fairness of policy, and so on. Thirdly, the impact that improper assumptions in the decision-making and analysis of transportation energy transition on industry and society is pointed out according to the published cases or policy implementations. Finally, this paper summarizes the significance and feasibility of decision-making analysis in the transformation of transportation energy and proposes several research topics to encourage further exploration in this field. By integrating the strategy of building a country with strong transportation network with the dual carbon goals, this paper aims to provide comprehensive theoretical support and practical gui-dance for decision-making in transportation energy transformation, thereby promoting sustainable development in China’s transportation sector.