液压阀阀芯附近介质流量变化导致的阀芯振动对锥阀的稳定性和使用寿命有重要影响。为了探究锥阀的三维振动特性，文中提出了一种基于虚拟双目视觉的可视化实验方法，并获得了阀芯振动的图像序列。通过对阀芯轮廓拟合得出了阀芯几何顶点的空间坐标值，提高了阀芯位置的测量精度。通过分析不同出入口压力、弹簧刚度等条件下的阀芯振动特性，发现阀芯振动的空间范围和冲击程度与液压系统运行状况和阀芯结构密切相关。入口压力从3.2 MPa增大至4.4 MPa时，阀芯振动逐渐加剧，离散度增大；预压缩量从14 mm增大至17 mm时，阀芯振动趋于平稳，离散度减小；此外，随着弹簧刚度和阀芯半锥角的增大，阀芯振动的离散度也呈现出先减小后增大的趋势，且其最小值分别在弹簧刚度为2 N/mm和阀芯半锥角为30°时出现。在阀芯振动的沿轴向、正面和侧面3个方向的投影中，侧面径向振动的波形因子大于正面径向的波形因子，而轴向振动的波形因子最小。波形因子的变化趋势与离散度的变化趋势一致，阀芯振动的离散度和波形因子呈正相关关系，且在阀芯半锥角为30°、弹簧刚度为2 N/mm时的波形因子最小。文中研究结果可以为锥阀结构的液压阀的结构设计提供理论支撑，从而提高液压系统运行的稳定性，减小振动对于液压阀的损害。

The vibration of the spool caused by the change of the medium flow near the spool of the hydraulic valve has an important influence on the stability and service life of the poppet valve. In order to investigate the three-dimensional vibration characteristics of the poppet valve, this paper proposed a visual experiment method based on virtual binocular vision, and obtained the image sequence of the valve core vibration. The spatial coordinate value of the geometric vertex of the spool was obtained by fitting the outline of the spool, which improves the measurement accuracy of the spool position. By analyzing the vibration characteristics of the valve core under different inlet and outlet pressures, spring stiffness, and other conditions, it is shown that the spatial range and impact degree of the valve core vibration are closely related to the operating conditions of the hydraulic system and the valve core structure. When the inlet pressure increases from 3.2 MPa to 4.4 MPa, the vibration of the valve core gradually intensifies, and the dispersion increases; when the precompression amount increases from 14 mm to 17 mm, the valve core vibration tends to be stable and the dispersion decreases. In addition, with the increase of the spring stiffness and the valve core half cone angle, the dispersion of the valve core vibration also shows a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing, and its minimum values appear when the spring stiffness is 2 N/mm and the valve core half cone angle is 30°. In the projection of the spool vibration along the axial, front, and side directions, the waveform factor of the side radial vibration is larger than that of the front radial, while the waveform factor of the axial vibration is the smallest. The variation trend of the waveform factor is consistent with the variation trend of the dispersion. The dispersion of the valve core vibration is positively correlated with the waveform factor, and the waveform factor is the smallest when the valve core half cone angle is 30° and the spring stiffness is 2 N/mm. The research results can provide theoretical support for the structural design of the hydraulic valve with the poppet valve structure, thereby improving the stability of the hydraulic system and reducing the damage to the hydraulic valve caused by vibration.