高石粉机制砂混凝土组成设计与性能优化

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.250042

华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 123-136.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.250042

高石粉机制砂混凝土组成设计与性能优化

张同生¹^,², 李凯², 谭康豪², 常泽洲³, 谭艳臣³, 唐亮³, 杨东来³, 曾思清²^,⁴

^1.华南理工大学亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^2.华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，广东广州 510640
^3.保利长大工程有限公司，广东广州 511430
^4.广东省公路建设有限公司，广东广州 510623

收稿日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-03-21
作者简介:张同生（1983—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事绿色建筑材料研究。E-mail： mstszhang@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U24A2048);宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023FRD05006);中国博士后基金项目(2024M750943)

Mix Design and Performance Optimization of Stone Powder-Rich Manufactured Sand Concrete

ZHANG Tongsheng¹^,², LI Kai², TAN Kanghao², CHANG Zezhou³, TAN Yanchen³, TANG Liang³, YANG Donglai³, ZENG Siqing²^,⁴

^1.State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510640，Guangdong，China
^2.School of Materials Science and Technology，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510640，Guangdong，China
^3.Poly Changda Engineering，Guangzhou 511430，Guangdong，China
^4.Guangdong Provincial Highway Construction Group，Guangzhou 510623，Guangdong，China

Received:2025-02-24 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-03-21
About author:张同生（1983—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事绿色建筑材料研究。E-mail： mstszhang@scut.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A2048);the Local Science and Technology Development Projects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Supported by Central Government Guidance(2023FRD05006);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750943)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在机制砂制备过程中，大量石粉被筛分掩埋，导致资源浪费和环境污染。为提高机制砂石粉利用率，将废弃石粉高值化应用在混凝土中，并将机制砂中的石粉视作胶凝组分替代水泥，使用XRD、TG、SEM等测试手段研究花岗岩石粉对硬化水泥浆体微结构演变的影响，确定了石粉替代水泥最佳范围。通过调控机制砂石粉含量、粗骨料级配、砂率与水胶比等，优化混凝土工作性能和力学性能，揭示浆体体积分数对混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响机制，利用高石粉含量机制砂制备了低成本、工作性能与力学性能满足要求的混凝土。结果表明：石粉替代10%（质量分数）的P.II 52.5硅酸盐水泥时，7 d和28 d浆体水化产物数量没有明显减少，微结构仍然较为致密；当石粉替代水泥比例超过20%（质量分数）时，浆体中水化产物数量减少超过20%（质量分数）、孔隙增多，导致强度大幅度降低；随机制砂石粉含量的增加，相同坍落度下混凝土减水剂掺量有所增加，浆体体积分数在31%~32%时，混凝土可获得良好工作性能和力学性能。在此基础上，采用石粉含量（质量分数）为15.1%、16.5%和18.7%的机制砂分别制备了满足工程性能要求的C30、C40和C50混凝土，水泥用量分别减少54、63和92 kg/m³，显著降低了混凝土成本和碳排放。

关键词: 高石粉含量, 机制砂混凝土, 配合比设计, 微观结构

Abstract:

During the production of manufactured sand, a large amount of stone powder was sieved and buried, leading to resource waste and environmental pollution. To improve the utilization rate of manufactured sand stone powder, this study explores the high-value application of waste stone powder in concrete. By treating the stone powder in manufactured sand as a cementitious component to partially replace cement, the effects of granite stone powder on the microstructural evolution of hardened cement paste were investigated using XRD, TG, SEM, and other characterization methods, leading to the identification of the optimal cement replacement range. Furthermore, by adjusting the stone powder content in manufactured sand, coarse aggregate gradation, sand ratio, and water-to-binder ratio, the workability and mechanical properties of concrete were optimized. The study reveals the mechanism by which paste volume fraction influences concrete’s workability and mechanical performance, and successfully produced low-cost concrete with acceptable workability and mechanical strength using manufactured sand with a high stone powder content. The results show that cement paste with 10% stone powder retained a denser microstructure, as the amount of hydration products showed negligible reduction compared to that of pure cement paste after 7-day and 28-day curing. However, when the substitution of cement with stone powder exceeded 20%, the amount of hydration products decreased significantly by more than 20%, leading to a porous microstructure and lower compressive strength compared to that of pure cement paste. When manufactured sand (MS) with high stone powder content is used in concrete production, the dosage of superplasticizer needs to be increased slightly under the same slump requirement. Additionally, the optimal workability and mechanical properties of MS concrete were achieved when the volume fraction of paste lay in the range of 31~32%. Consequently, C30, C40, and C50 concretes meeting target property requirements were prepared using MS with 15.1%, 16.5%, and 18.7% stone powder content, respectively, resulting in cement consumption reductions of 54, 63, and 92 kg/m³, and thereby significant reductions in cost and carbon emissions.

Key words: high stone powder content, manufactured sand concrete, mixture proportion design, microstructure

中图分类号:

TU528

张同生, 李凯, 谭康豪, 常泽洲, 谭艳臣, 唐亮, 杨东来, 曾思清. 高石粉机制砂混凝土组成设计与性能优化[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 53(8): 123-136.

ZHANG Tongsheng, LI Kai, TAN Kanghao, CHANG Zezhou, TAN Yanchen, TANG Liang, YANG Donglai, ZENG Siqing. Mix Design and Performance Optimization of Stone Powder-Rich Manufactured Sand Concrete[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(8): 123-136.

图/表 18

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原材料	质量分数/%
原材料	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	SO₃	其余成分	LOI^1）
PC	24.79	4.44	3.38	53.64	2.70	0.44	0.15	3.92	5.19	1.35
SP	69.58	17.29	1.92	1.80	0.11	5.33	3.86	—	0.11	—

粗骨料粒径/mm	表观密度/（g·cm^-3）	堆积密度/（g·cm^-3）	吸水率^1）/%	黏土含量^2）/%	针片状颗粒含量^3）/%
5.0~10.0	2.710	1.661	2.633	1.1	1.1
10.0~20.0	2.828	1.782	2.756	0.9	1.0
16.0~26.5	2.835	1.798	2.786	0.8	0.8

	组别	胶凝材料/（kg·m^-3）		细骨料/（kg·m^-3）	粗骨料/（kg·m^-3）			砂率	水胶比
	组别	水泥	石粉	细骨料/（kg·m^-3）	16~31.5^1）	10~20^1）	5~10^1）	砂率	水胶比
C30	C100SP0	366	0	729	342	570	228	0.39	0.45
	C95SP5	348	18
	C90SP10	330	37
	C85SP15	312	54
	C80SP20	293	74
	SR0.43	312	54	804				0.43
	SR0.41			766				0.41
	SR0.39			729				0.39
	SR0.37			692				0.37
	FMC-10∶80∶10	312	54	729	107	856	107	0.41	0.45
	FMC-20∶60∶20				231	642	231	0.40
	FMC-20∶50∶30				233	583	350	0.38
	FMC-40∶40∶20				428	428	233	0.40
	W0.45	312	54	729	342	570	228	0.39	0.45
	W0.43								0.43
	W0.41								0.41
	W0.39								0.39
C40	C100SP0	421	0	680	348	579	232	0.37	0.38
	C95SP5	400	21
	C90SP10	379	42
	C85SP15	358	63
	C80SP20	337	84
	C75SP25	316	105
	SR0.39	358	63	717	348	579	232	0.39	0.38
	SR0.37			680				0.37
	SR0.35			644				0.35
	SR0.33			607				0.33
	FMC-10∶80∶10	358	63	680	107	856	107	0.39	0.38
	FMC-20∶60∶20				231	642	231	0.38
	FMC-20∶50∶30				233	583	350	0.37
	FMC-40∶40∶20				428	428	233	0.38
	W0.40	358	63	680	346	577	231	0.37	0.40
	W0.38								0.38
	W0.36								0.36
	W0.34								0.34
C50	C100SP0	454	0	753	0	867	217	0.41	0.35
	C95SP5	431	23	753
	C90SP10	408	46	753
	C85SP15	385	69	753
	C80SP20	362	92	753
	C75SP25	339	115	753
	C70SP30	316	138	753
	SR0.41	432	23	753	0	866	217	0.41	0.35
	SR0.39			716				0.39
	SR0.37			679				0.37
	SR0.35			642				0.35
	FMC-20∶80∶0	432	23	753	0	217	866	0.41	0.35
	FMC-40∶60∶0					464	696
	FMC-50∶50∶0					583	583
	FMC-60∶40∶0					696	464
	W0.35	432	23	753	0	866	217	0.41	0.35
	W0.33								0.33
	W0.31								0.31
	W0.29								0.29

高石粉机制砂混凝土组成设计与性能优化

Mix Design and Performance Optimization of Stone Powder-Rich Manufactured Sand Concrete

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