型腔恒负载加工的组合轨迹设计与进给速度优化

doi:10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240467

华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.12141/j.issn.1000-565X.240467

型腔恒负载加工的组合轨迹设计与进给速度优化

王清辉¹(), 王金强¹, 丁雪松¹, 廖昭洋²()

^1.华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院，广东广州 510640
^2.广东省科学院智能制造研究所广东省现代控制技术重点实验室，广东广州 510070

收稿日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2024-12-13
通信作者: 廖昭洋 E-mail:wqh@scut.edu.cn;zy.liao@giim.ac.cn
作者简介:王清辉（1972—），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事CAD/CAM技术、VR交互研究。E-mail： wqh@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4500600);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2025A1515011849);广东省科学院青年人才专项(2024GDASQNRC-0318);广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2024GDASZH-2024010102)

Hybrid Toolpath Planning and Feed Rate Optimization for Cavity Machining Under Constant Loads

WANG Qinghui¹(), WANG Jinqiang¹, DING Xuesong¹, LIAO Zhaoyang²()

^1.School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510640，Guangdong，China
^2.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology，Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing of Guangdong Academy of Sciences，Guangzhou 510070，Guangdong，China

Received:2024-09-18 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2024-12-13
Contact: LIAO Zhaoyang E-mail:wqh@scut.edu.cn;zy.liao@giim.ac.cn
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4500600);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011849)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

模具及各类三维零件的数控加工包含了大量型腔的加工，型腔加工轨迹的设计会直接影响加工质量与效率。随着高速铣削技术的进步，数控机床为提高型腔加工效率提供了硬件基础，但也对CAM轨迹设计提出了更高要求。传统的CAM轨迹在处理型腔拐角、开槽和加工内外环轨迹交汇等区域时，容易导致切削负载突变，这种负载不稳定性限制了进给速度和切削深度的提升，影响了加工效率和质量。鉴于此，该文提出了一种面向型腔恒负载加工的组合轨迹设计与进给速度优化方法。该方法基于多层次区块结构，首先计算材料去除率，并据此将加工区域划分为稳定、半稳定和负载突变区域。针对不同区域，采用环切轨迹、进给速度优化以及变半径摆线轨迹相结合的策略，实现加工过程中负载的平稳控制，特别是通过在负载突变区域应用摆线轨迹，降低了瞬时负载的波动，确保了加工过程的稳定性。实验结果表明，该文提出的轨迹设计与进给速度优化方法能够适应各类复杂型腔的CAM轨迹生成，并保障加工过程的负载稳定性，进而提高加工质量。

关键词: 复杂型腔, 数控加工, 恒负载加工, 加工轨迹, 进给速度优化

Abstract:

The CNC machining of molds and various 3D parts involves numerous cavity features, and the design of machining toolpaths directly affects machining quality and efficiency. With the advancements in high-speed milling technology, CNC machines provide the hardware foundation for improving cavity machining efficiency, but they also place higher demands on CAM toolpath design. Traditional CAM toolpaths tend to cause abrupt changes in cutting load when dealing with areas such as cavity corners, slots, and intersections of circular paths. This load instability limits the improvement of feed rate and cutting depth, negatively impacting both machining efficiency and quality. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid toolpath planning and feed rate optimization method aiming at achieving constant load machining for cavities. The method, which is based on a multi-level block structure, first calculates the material removal rate and then divides the machining areas into stable, semi-stable and load fluctuation regions. For different regions, circular toolpaths, feed speed optimization and variable-radius trochoidal paths are comprehensively adopted to ensure smooth load control throughout the machining process. By applying trochoidal paths in areas prone to load fluctuations, sudden load variations can be reduced and stable machining process can be ensured. Experimental results show that the proposed toolpath planning and feed rate optimization method is suitable for generating CAM toolpaths for various complex cavities, with good load stability and better machining quality.

Key words: complex cavity, numerical control machining, constant load machining, machining toolpath, feed rate optimization

中图分类号:

TP391.73

王清辉, 王金强, 丁雪松, 廖昭洋. 型腔恒负载加工的组合轨迹设计与进给速度优化[J]. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 53(5): 1-10.

WANG Qinghui, WANG Jinqiang, DING Xuesong, LIAO Zhaoyang. Hybrid Toolpath Planning and Feed Rate Optimization for Cavity Machining Under Constant Loads[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 53(5): 1-10.

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参考文献 19

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轨迹类型	加工时间/s	最大MRR/（mm³·s^-1）
SIMENS NX生成的轨迹	2 084	8.54
文中轨迹	1 772	3.33

性能参数	参数值		提高率/%
性能参数	SIMENS NX 生成的轨迹	文中方法生成的轨迹	提高率/%
加工时间/s	2 084	1 774	14.88
轨迹长度/mm	3 474	2 723	21.62
最大切削力/N	174.5	137.8	21.03

型腔恒负载加工的组合轨迹设计与进给速度优化

Hybrid Toolpath Planning and Feed Rate Optimization for Cavity Machining Under Constant Loads

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